刘鹏远^1,,
张春霞¹,
赵本良^{1, 2},
章家恩^{1, 2,,}
1.华南农业大学资源环境学院 广州 510642
2.广东省生态循环农业重点实验室/农业农村部华南热带农业环境重点实验室/广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术研究中心 广州 510642
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31870525
广东省科技计划项目2019B030301007
广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目2019KJ105

详细信息

作者简介:刘鹏远, 研究方向为入侵生态学。E-mail:1373838241@qq.com

通讯作者:章家恩, 主要从事农业生态学、土壤生态学和入侵生态学等研究。E-mail:jeanzh@scau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S431.1

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收稿日期:2020-01-20
录用日期:2020-02-11
刊出日期:2020-07-01

Effects of salinity stress on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates of the invasive fresh snail Pomacea canaliculata

LIU Pengyuan^1,,
ZHANG Chunxia¹,
ZHAO Benliang^{1, 2},
ZHANG Jia'en^{1, 2,,}
1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31870525
the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China2019B030301007
Guangdong Modern Agricultural Technology Innovation Team Construction Project2019KJ105

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Corresponding author:ZHANG Jia'en, E-mail: jeanzh@scau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:福寿螺[Pomacea canaliculata（Lamark 1822）]是世界100种恶性外来入侵物种之一。近年来，有关福寿螺的研究主要集中在稻田、沟渠、河流、湖泊等淡水区，对其向盐水区扩散的研究较少。为探究不同个体大小福寿螺对盐胁迫的响应差异，采用静水法测定了3种个体大小的福寿螺在盐胁迫（0 g·L^-1、2.5 g·L^-1、5.0 g·L^-1、7.5 g·L^-1和10.0 g·L^-1）下的耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明：盐度、福寿螺个体大小以及二者的交互作用均对福寿螺的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响。3种个体大小福寿螺的耗氧率和排氨率均在盐度2.5 g·L^-1时达峰值，在盐度2.5~10.0 g·L^-1时随着盐度的升高逐渐降低。在盐度0 g·L^-1（对照组）、2.5 g·L^-1、5.0 g·L^-1、7.5 g·L^-1和10.0 g·L^-1处理下，福寿螺的耗氧率和排氨率均与软体部干重（在65℃烘干48 h）之间呈负相关，即福寿螺耗氧率和排氨率的高低均表现为小螺>中螺>大螺。福寿螺氧氮比（O/N）的范围为5.80~30.46，并在盐度为2.5 g·L^-1时达峰值，之后随着盐度的升高而逐步降低。其中，在盐度2.5~7.5 g·L^-1处理下，3种不同大小福寿螺的O/N均与对照组无显著差异。综合来看，福寿螺可短期或间歇性在盐度7.5 g·L^-1以下的盐水环境生存。
关键词:福寿螺/
耐盐性/
耗氧率/
排氨率/
氧氮比/
生物入侵
Abstract:Pomacea canaliculata (Lamark 1822) is one of the 100 worst alien invasive species in the world. To date, P. canaliculata snails have been mainly studied in freshwater areas, such as paddy fields, canals, ditches, rivers, and lakes, whereas there have been only a few studies on the potential risk of P. canaliculata spreading to salty water areas. In order to investigate the response differences of small, medium, and large P. canaliculata snails to salt stress, we determined the oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of the three differently sized snails under five salinity treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g·L^-1) using the hydrostatic method. The results showed that salinity, snail size, and their interactions had significant effects on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates of the snails (P < 0.001). The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates of the studied snails reached a peak at 2.5 g·L^-1 salinity. However, between 2.5-10.0 g·L^-1 salinity, they gradually decreased as the salinity increased. There was a negative correlation between oxygen consumption rate or ammonia excretion rate, and the dry meat weight (oven-dried at 65℃ for 48 h) of the snails. The oxygen consumption rate and the ammonia excretion rate followed the order small snails > medium snails > large snails. The oxygen-nitrogen ratio (O/N) for P. canaliculata ranged from 5.80 to 30.46, reaching a peak when the salinity was 2.5 g·L^-1, and then gradually decreased as the salinity increased. There were no significant differences in the O/N among the three differently sized P. canaliculata snails compared to the control group when the salinity was 2.5-7.5 g·L^-1. This study showed that the snails could survive for a short period of time in a saline environment with a salinity below 7.5 g·L^-1.
Key words:Pomacea canaliculata/
Salt tolerance/
Oxygen consumption rate/
Ammonia excretion rate/
Oxygen-nitrogen ratio/
Biological invasion

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图1不同盐度和个体大小对福寿螺耗氧率和排氨率的影响
不同字母表示不同盐度处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Effects of salinities and sizes on oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of Pomacea canaliculata
Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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图2不同盐度下福寿螺的耗氧率(OCR)和排氨率(AER)与软体部干重(W)的回归方程
Figure2.Regression equations of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia excretion rate (AER) with dry meat weight (W) of Pomacea canaliculata under different salinities


下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1不同大小福寿螺的形态特征
Table1.Biological characteristics of different-size groups of Pomacea canaliculata

组别Group	壳高Shell height (mm)	壳宽Shell width (mm)	湿重Live weight (g)	软体部干重Dry meat weight (g)
小螺Small snail	15.36±0.36a	11.71±0.47a	0.83±0.06a	0.24±0.02a
中螺 Medium snail	23.54±0.31b	18.79±0.30b	2.47±0.10b	0.70±0.03b
大螺Large snail	36.06±0.61c	29.91±0.68c	8.65±0.59c	17.0±0.09c
小螺: 10 mm≤壳高 < 20 mm; 中螺: 20 mm≤壳高 < 30 mm; 大螺: 30 mm≤壳高 < 40 mm。Small snail: 10 mm ≤ shell height < 20 mm; Medium snail: 20 mm ≤ shell height < 30 mm; Large snail: 30 mm ≤ shell height < 40 mm.

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表2不同个体大小的福寿螺在不同盐度下的氧氮比(O/N)
Table2.Oxygen-nitrogen ratio of Pomacea canaliculata of different sizes under different salinity conditions

盐度Salinity (g?L-1)	小螺Small snail	中螺Medium snail	大螺Large snail
0(CK)	15.14±1.31a	23.15±2.38ab	27.07±2.20a
2.5	16.45±0.92a	26.11±5.55a	30.46±3.84a
5.0	11.44±1.78ab	23.91±3.35ab	27.75±3.11a
7.5	10. 85±1.63ab	15.56±1.38ab	19.82±1.44ab
10.0	5.80±1.52b	10.23±3.63b	13.26±4.04b
O/N值大表示生物体代谢所消耗的能量多数由脂肪和碳水化合物提供, 较少部分由蛋白质提供。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。A large O/N value indicates that most of the energy consumed by an organism’s metabolism is provided by fats and carbohydrates, and less by proteins. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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