王小龙^1,,
刘星星¹,
隋鹏²,
陈源泉^2,,
1.华南农业大学农学院 广州 510642
2.中国农业大学农学院 北京 100193
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31800465
国家重点研发计划2016YFD0300210

详细信息

作者简介:王小龙, 主要研究方向为绿色农作制度。E-mail:wangxiaolong@scau.edu.cn

通讯作者:陈源泉, 主要研究方向为循环农业与可持续农作制度。E-mail:chenyq@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号:F062.2

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-11-05
录用日期:2020-02-03
刊出日期:2020-04-01

Current problems and proposed solutions of emergy evaluation in agricultural systems

WANG Xiaolong^1,,
LIU Xingxing¹,
SUI Peng²,
CHEN Yuanquan^2,,
1. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31800465
the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFD0300210

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Corresponding author:CHEN Yuanquan, E-mail:chenyq@cau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:能值方法是美国生态学家H.T.Odum在20世纪80年代创立的生态经济系统分析方法，近年来被广泛应用于农业系统分析当中。但是，目前已发表的大量论文中对于能值评价过程中的重要细节常会出现不同的处理方式，造成评价结果不确定性增加、可比较性降低，影响了能值评价方法在农业研究领域的深入应用和发展。因此，本研究梳理了国内外农业生态系统能值研究的基本概况，并总结了相关研究中常见的五大问题，包括：全球能值基准变化所引发的能值转换率选择混乱问题、农业生态系统评价边界界定的问题、农业生产过程环境资源贡献的不合理计算问题、农业生态系统投入资源的分类问题和系统能值投入与产出不守恒问题。在此基础上，基于我们目前的认识提出了相关问题的解决思路：第一，规范能值评价中的能值转换率（UEV）参数的选择原则；第二，基于“四维时空尺度”标准界定系统边界；第三，构建公式合理体现土壤、农业用水在农业系统能值分析中的能量贡献；第四，基于农业生态系统能值常用指标设定4组标准规范农业生态系统投入资源的分类；第五，遵循能值代数规则保证能值守恒。通过以上分析，以期引起广大学界的讨论和批评，共同促进能值方法在全球农业系统分析中的规范化应用。
关键词:能值评价/
农业生态系统/
能值转换率/
系统边界/
环境资源贡献/
投入资源/
投入-产出守恒
Abstract:Emergy evaluation (EME) is an extensively used method for the assessment of ecological economic systems which has been applied in a diverse array of fields, with more recent application in agricultural systems. However, despite an increasing number of studies using the EME approach to assess agricultural systems, some of the evaluation principles of EME have been misunderstood by researchers applying the method resulting in unreliable assessments. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate issues identified from prior research using EME in the assessment of agricultural systems. Five common problems were identified: 1) disordered selection of unit emergy values (UEV) caused by updated global emergy baselines, 2) incomplete definition of system boundary, 3) arbitrary calculation of emergy contribution derived from environmental resources, 4) inoperable classification of system inputs, and 5) non-conservation between input and output emergy in agricultural systems. Concurrently, we proposed related solutions for resolving the identified problems which included: standardizing the selection principle of UEV in the EME; defining system boundary based on a standard of 'four-dimensional space-time scale'; constructing formulas to reasonably reflect energy contributions from soil and water for agricultural production in the EME; setting four standards to order the classification of input resources of agricultural systems; and applying the emergy accounting algebras to ensure the emergy conservation in research. We hope that our research will initiate further discussions on approaches to EME assessment in agricultural practices thus promoting a more standardized application of the emergy method in future studies.
Key words:Emergy evaluation/
Agricultural ecosystem/
Unit emergy value/
System boundary/
Environmental energy contribution/
Input resources/
Emergey conservation between input and output

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图1国内外能值研究论文发表量(a)和能值研究论文中农业领域所占比例(b)
Figure1.Number of published papers on emergy (a) and proportion of published emergy-related papers of agricultural systems (b)


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图2能值代数规则一在农业生产系统中的体现——以玉米种植系统为例
Figure2.Presentation of the emergy algebra rule one in agricultural production system of maize production


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表1能值方法在农业系统应用中的常见问题
Table1.Current problems of application of emergy evaluation in agricultural system

问题 Problem	核心原因 Key reason	影响 Influence
不断更新的全球能值基准 Updated global emergy baseline	相关学科进步 Progress in related disciplines	单位能值转换率参数选择的基础不一致 Inconsistent basis of selecting unit emergy values
系统边界不一致 Inconsistent system boundary	系统边界界定不清 Unclearly defined system boundary	相似案例中考虑的投入项目不同 Considering different input items in the similar case research
环境资源贡献的不合理计算 Unreasonable accounting of environmental resources	土壤、降雨的核心功能认识不清 Unclearly recognized key functions of soil and rain	环境资源的贡献计算错误 Miscalculation of contribution of environmental resources
系统投入资源的分类 Classification of input resources in a system	分类标准不清晰 Unclearly defined standard for classification of inputs	指标结果无可比性 Incomparable emergy-based indictors results
能值不守恒问题 Non-conservation of input and output emergy flows	能值计算基本原则不清 Misunderstanding to the basis emergy algebra rules	计算结果无意义 Unmeaning accounting results

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参考文献(49)

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