张雅芳^{1, 2,},
郭英²,
沈彦俊^2,,,
齐永青²,
罗建美^{2, 3, 4}
1.河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院 石家庄 050024
2.中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室/中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022
3.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
4.河北地质大学土地资源与城乡规划学院 石家庄 050031
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题2016YFC0401403
河北省自然科学基金面上项目D2019503028

详细信息

作者简介:张雅芳, 主要从事生态水文与GIS应用等方面的研究。E-mail:2605977606@qq.com

通讯作者:沈彦俊, 主要从事生态水文、环境遥感与应用等方面的研究。E-mail:yjshen@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号:TP79

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-07-03
录用日期:2019-09-22
刊出日期:2020-01-01

Impact of planting structure changes on agricultural water requirement in North China Plain

ZHANG Yafang^{1, 2,},
GUO Ying²,
SHEN Yanjun^2,,,
QI Yongqing²,
LUO Jianmei^{2, 3, 4}
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture/Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. College of Land Resources and Rural-Urban Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFC0401403
the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei ProvinceD2019503028

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Corresponding author:SHEN Yanjun, E-mail: yjshen@sjziam.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:不同种植结构下的农田需水研究是调整农业种植结构、制定切实可行的区域灌溉方案的重要依据。为了定量估算华北平原种植结构变化对农业需水的影响，本文基于MODIS NDVI数据和TM/ETM遥感影像提取了2002年和2012年华北平原主要作物类型及其种植面积，同时基于作物系数法计算了华北平原7种主要作物需水量，分析了华北平原种植结构变化对作物需水的影响。结果表明：2002-2012年，主要作物种植面积减少60.7万hm²。其中，种植面积明显减少的作物分别为冬小麦-夏玉米（-43.18万hm²）、棉花（-32.43万hm²）、水稻（-9.3万hm²）和春玉米（-4.9万hm²），种植面积增加的作物主要是林果（+16.61万hm²）和蔬菜（+12.6万hm²）。2002-2012年，华北平原主要作物的总需水量从742.7亿m³下降至695.5亿m³，共下降6.37%。其中，需水量减少的作物类型为冬小麦-夏玉米（-35.41亿m³）、棉花（-24.31亿m³）、水稻（-7.48亿m³）和春玉米（-2.1亿m³），需水量增加的为林果（+11.24亿m³）和蔬菜（+10.71亿m³）。从空间分布来看，华北平原作物需水量整体呈减少趋势，仅在河北平原、鲁西北以及滨海平原靠近城市周边的区域呈增加趋势，其中滨海平原需水增加量最大。华北平原由于作物种植面积减小引起的作物需水减少量达44.7亿m³；由作物种植结构调整引起的作物需水减少量为2.5亿m³。种植规模的减小是华北平原作物需水量减少的主要原因。
关键词:华北平原/
遥感提取/
种植结构/
种植面积/
作物需水量
Abstract:Evaluating farmland water requirements under different planting structures is an important basis for adjusting the agricultural planting structure and formulating feasible regional irrigation schemes. In order to quantitatively estimate the impact of planting structure changes on agricultural water requirement in the North China Plain (NCP), this paper extracted the main crop types and their planting areas based on MODIS NDVI data and TM/ETM remote sensing images from 2002 and 2012. The water demand of seven main crops in the NCP was calculated based on the crop coefficient method and the influence of planting structure change on crop water requirements in NCP was analyzed. The results showed that firstly:from 2002 to 2012, the main crop planting area decreased by 60.7×10⁴ hectares. Among them, the planting area of the four crops was significantly reduced:winter wheat-summer maize (-4.318×10⁵ hm²), cotton (-3.243×10⁵ hm²), rice (-9.3×10⁴ hm²), and spring corn (-4.9×10⁴ hm²). The crops for which planting area increased were:forest fruit (+1.661×10⁵ hm²) and vegetables (+1.26×10⁵ hm²). Secondly, from 2002 to 2012, the total water demand for major crops in the NCP decreased from 74.27 billion m³ to 69.55 billion m³ (a decrease of 6.37%). Among this, the types of crop with reduced water demand were as follows:winter wheat-summer maize (-3.54 billion m³), cotton (-2.43 billion m³), rice (-0.75 billion m³), and spring maize (-0.21 billion m³). On the other hand, fruit trees and vegetables both caused an increase in water demand 1.12 billion m³ and 1.07 billion m³, respectively. Spatially, crop water demand in the NCP showed an overall decreasing trend, with only the Hebei Plain, northwest Shandong Province, and the coastal plain near the urban periphery displaying increasing water demand. The largest increase in water demand occurred in the coastal plain. Finally, the reduction of crop water demand in the NCP caused by reduction of crop planting area amounted to 4.47 billion m³, while that caused by planting structure adjustments only amounted to 0.25 billion m³. Hence, the reduction of the planting scale is the main reason for the decrease in crop water demand in the NCP.
Key words:North China Plain/
Remote sensing extraction/
Planting structure/
Planting area/
Crop water requirement

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图1华北平原地理位置和气象站点分布图
Figure1.Location of the North China Plain and distribution of meteorological stations


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图2华北平原主要作物归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列曲线
Figure2.Time series curves of normal difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the main crops in the North China Plain


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图32002年和2012年河北地区遥感监测主要农作物种植面积与各县农业统计数据的对比
Figure3.Comparison of the planting area of main crops monitored by remote sensing and the agricultural statistical data of each county in Hebei in 2002 and 2012


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图42002年和2012年华北平原主要农作物空间分布
Figure4.Spatial distribution of main crops in the North China Plain in 2002 and 2012


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图5华北平原2002年和2012年主要作物需水量及其变化量的空间分布
Figure5.Spatial distribution of evapotranspiration of main crops and its change in the North China Plain in 2002 and 2012


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表1华北平原主要作物生育期
Table1.Growth periods of main crops in the North China Plain

	1月 Jan.	2月 Feb.	3月 Mar.	4月 Apr.	5月 May	6月 Jun.	7月 Jul.	8月 Aug.	9月 Sep.	10月 Oct.	11月 Nov.	12月 Dec.
蔬菜 Vegetables
水稻 Paddy
棉花 Cotton
林果 Forest and fruit trees
春玉米 Spring maize
冬小麦-夏玉米 Winter wheat- summer maize

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表22002年和2012年华北平原主要作物种植面积转移矩阵
Table2.Transferring matrix of main crops planting areas in the North China Plain in 2002 and 2012 ?×10⁴ hm²

		2002							总计 Total	增加 Increase
		棉花 Cotton	春玉米 Spring maize	林果 Forest and fruit trees	冬小麦-夏玉米 Winter wheat- summer maize	蔬菜 Vegetables	水稻 Paddy	其他 Others
	棉花Cotton	37.40	2.09	3.90	23.41	1.41	1.02	12.77	82.01	44.62
	春玉米 Spring maize	2.99	26.24	9.41	32.37	4.82	4.68	17.54	98.05	71.81
	林果 Forest and fruit trees	7.77	15.73	30.60	29.94	7.16	1.15	18.95	111.31	80.71
2012	冬小麦-夏玉米 Winter wheat-summer maize	43.10	18.28	16.88	396.17	6.51	3.64	66.18	550.76	154.58
	蔬菜 Vegetables	2.49	8.72	6.51	15.92	9.87	2.31	15.28	61.11	51.23
	水稻Paddy	0.54	2.60	1.75	2.06	0.63	5.90	8.17	21.65	15.75
	其他Others	20.16	29.34	25.65	94.09	18.09	12.33	277.86	477.51	199.66
	总计Total	114.44	103.00	94.70	593.97	48.49	31.03	416.76
	减少Reduce	77.04	76.76	64.10	197.79	38.62	25.13	138.91

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表3华北平原2002年和2012年主要作物需水量的变化
Table3.Changes in crop water requirement of main crops in the North China Plain in 2002 and 2012

年份 Year	项目 Item	棉花 Cotton	春玉米 Spring maize	水稻 Paddy	林果 Forest and fruit trees	蔬菜 Vegetables	冬小麦-夏玉米 Winter wheat- summer maize	总和 Total
2002	需水量Water demand (x108 m3)	85.83	56.88	25.30	64.16	41.40	469.89	743.46
	百分比Proportion (%)	12	8	3	8	6	63	100
2012	需水量Water demand (x108 m3)	61.52	54.78	17.82	75.40	52.11	434.48	696.10
	百分比Proportion (%)	9	8	3	11	7	62	100

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