蒋适莲,
王眺,
张彤,
侯梦杰,
田菲,
中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院 北京 100083
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目41601015
大学生创新创业训练计划项目2018bj110
详细信息
作者简介:鲁赛红, 主要从事农业水文水资源研究。E-mail:caulusaihong@163.com
通讯作者:田菲, 主要从事农业水文与水文遥感研究。E-mail:feitian@cau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S271计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-04-19
录用日期:2019-06-27
刊出日期:2019-10-01
Transpiration characteristics of different soybean varieties based on the Three-Temperature Model and thermal infrared remote sensing
LU Saihong,JIANG Shilian,
WANG Tiao,
ZHANG Tong,
HOU Mengjie,
TIAN Fei,
College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China41601015
the Student's Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China2018bj110
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Corresponding author:TIAN Fei, E-mail: feitian@cau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:蒸腾耗水是水循环中重要的水分存在形式之一，是准确量化水分利用效率的关键参数，对研究碳水循环关系及节水农业有重要意义。本研究以大豆品种‘晋21’（J21）和‘Union’（C08）为研究对象，设置两种水分处理[当地经验灌水定额的75%（A0）和37.5%（A1）]，基于三温模型（3T Model）和热红外遥感，定量研究不同品种和不同水分胁迫下的大豆蒸腾速率，揭示其时空特征差异，从而为抗旱节水大豆品种筛选提供参考。研究结果表明：1）不同处理下大豆的蒸腾速率日变化趋势与气温、太阳净辐射和冠层温度的基本一致，呈先增加后减小的单峰曲线，且于午间达到峰值，峰值为1.2~2.5 mm·h-1；各处理的大豆冠层温度和蒸腾速率均呈现出明显的空间异质性。2）J21与C08大豆的冠层温度A0处理分别低于A1处理6.55 K和5.91 K，蒸腾速率A0处理高于A1处理0.28 mm·h-1和0.29 mm·h-1；大豆蒸腾速率与灌水量呈正相关、与冠层温度呈负相关。3）在相同水分胁迫下，大豆冠层温度J21低于C08 1.83~2.47 K，蒸腾速率J21高于C08 0.13~0.14 mm·h-1。本研究与传统方法相比，所需要的参数较少，避开了空气动力学阻抗等难获取的参数，对农田尺度更具有适宜性，更能揭示不同农田环境下作物的蒸腾时空异质性，在农业水分高效利用和节水品种筛选上有十分重要的科学意义。
关键词:三温模型/
热红外遥感/
大豆蒸腾/
冠层温度/
水分胁迫/
节水品种
Abstract:Transpiration is an important process in the water cycle and is the key parameter to accurately quantify water use efficiency. Thus, it is of great importance for studying the relationship between the carbon and water cycles and for developing water-saving agricultural practices. The major objective of this study was to quantitatively study the transpiration rate of soybean plants of different varieties and under different water stress conditions, to identify differences in temporal and spatial characteristics, and finally, to provide a reference for the selection of drought-resistant and water-saving soybean varieties. Therefore, two soybean varieties (C08 and J21) were selected as the research objects and two water stress conditions (75%[A0] and 37.5%[A1] of the local empirical irrigation quota) were used for each variety. Based on the Three-Temperature Model (3T model) and using thermal infrared remote sensing, transpiration was quantified in the different soybean varieties under different water stress conditions. The diurnal variation in transpiration rate of the soybean plants under different water stress conditions was basically consistent with temperature, net solar radiation (Rn), and canopy temperature (Tc), showing a single-peak curve that first increased and then decreased, reaching a peak at value between 1.2 mm·h-1 and 2.5 mm·h-1 at noon. Moreover, the canopy temperature and transpiration rate of soybean plants under different treatments showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. Under different water stress conditions, C08 and J21 soybean varieties showed canopy temperatures in the order A0 < A1, with means of 6.55 K and 5.91 K, respectively. Transpiration rates were in the order of A0 > A1, with averages of 0.28 mm·h-1 and 0.29 mm·h-1, respectively. Transpiration rates were positively correlated with irrigation and negatively correlated with canopy temperature. Under the same water stress conditions, canopy temperatures were in the order of C08 < J21, with the mean canopy temperature of J21 1.83-2.47 K lower than that of C08. In addition, transpiration rates were of the order J21 < C08, with the mean transpiration rate of the J21 soybean variety 0.13-0.14 mm·h-1 higher than that of the C08 soybean variety. Thus, the J21 soybean variety consumes more water than the C08 variety under the same conditions of water stress. In combination with crop growth indicators, such as leaf area index (LAI) and crop yield, these data provide an important reference for improving crop water productivity in the future. Compared with traditional methods, the method used in this study has some advantages. The 3T model requires fewer parameters which are easy to be measured through introducing the concept of reference soil. The high-resolution thermal infrared instrument used here can reach the millimeter scale and meets the accuracy requirements of crop transpiration rate measurement in the farmland microclimate environment. Therefore, crop transpiration estimation based on the 3T model and thermal infrared remote sensing technology is convenient and accurate and is of scientific significance in promoting efficient agricultural water use and selecting water-saving crop varieties.
Key words:Three-Temperature Model/
Thermal infrared remote sensing/
Soybean transpiration/
Canopy temperature/
Water stress/
Water-saving varieties
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图1大豆及参考叶片的可见光图像
Figure1.Visible image of soybean and reference leaf
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2试验期间研究区太阳净辐射和气温的日变化曲线
Figure2.Diurnal variations of net radiation (Rn) and air temperature (Ta) in the investigation days
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3不同水分胁迫处理下大豆品种‘晋21’(J21)和‘Union’(C08)的冠层温度日变化曲线
A0:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的75%; A1:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的37.5%。
Figure3.Diurnal variations of canopy temperature (Tc) of soybean varieties J21 and C08 under different soil water stresses
A0: irrigation quota is 75% of the local empirical irrigation quota; A1: irrigation quota is 37.5% of the local empirical irrigation quota.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图47月16日12:30大豆品种‘晋21’(J21)和‘Union’(C08)不同水分胁迫下可见光图像(左)和冠层温度图像(右)
A0:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的75%; A1:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的37.5%。
Figure4.Visible images (left) and thermal images (right) of soybean varieties J21 and C08 under different soil water stresses at 12:30 on July 16
A0: irrigation quota is 75% of the local empirical irrigation quota; A1: irrigation quota is 37.5% of the local empirical irrigation quota.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5不同水分胁迫处理下大豆品种‘晋21’(J21)和‘Union’(C08)的蒸腾速率日变化曲线
A0:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的75%; A1:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的37.5%。
Figure5.Diurnal variations of transpiration rates of soybean varieties J21 and C08 under different soil water stresses
A0: irrigation quota is 75% of the local empirical irrigation quota; A1: irrigation quota is 37.5% of the local empirical irrigation quota.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图67月16日12:30大豆品种‘晋21’(J21)和‘Union’(C08)不同水分胁迫下蒸腾速率的空间分布及其直方图和基本统计
A0:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的75%; A1:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的37.5%。
Figure6.Spatial variations, histograms and basic statistics of transpiration rates of soybean varieties J21 and C08 under different water stresses
A0: irrigation quota is 75% of the local empirical irrigation quota; A1: irrigation quota is 37.5% of the local empirical irrigation quota.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1不同水分胁迫处理下大豆品种‘晋21’(J21)和‘Union’(C08)的平均蒸腾速率峰值与均值及差异显著性分析
Table1.Analysis of the mean peak and mean of transpiration rates of soybean varieties J21 and C08 under different water stresses
| 水分胁迫处理 Water stress treatment | 平均蒸腾速率峰值 Average peak transpiration rate (mm?h-1) | 平均蒸腾速率 Average transpiration rate (mm?h-1) | |||
| J21 | C08 | J21 | C08 | ||
| A0 | 1.53Aα | 1.26Aβ | 0.84aα | 0.71aα | |
| A1 | 0.95Bα | 0.71Bβ | 0.56bα | 0.42aα | |
| A0:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的75%; A1:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的37.5%。不同大写和小写英文字母分别表示在P < 0.01和P < 0.05水平A0和A1处理间差异显著, 不同小写希腊字母表示在P < 0.05水平大豆品种J21和C08间差异显著。A0: irrigation quota is 75% of the local empirical irrigation quota; A1: irrigation quota is 37.5% of the local empirical irrigation quota. Different captical and lowercase English letters mean significant differences between two water stress treatments at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 levels, respectively. Different Greek letters mean significant difference between two soybean varieties at P < 0.05 level. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同水分胁迫处理下大豆品种‘晋21’(J21)和‘Union’(C08)的不同日期(月-日)蒸腾速率峰值及差异显著性分析
Table2.Analysis of the peak of transpiration rates of soybean varieties J21 and C08 at different dates (month-day) under different water stress
| 水分胁迫处理 Water stress treatment | 大豆品种 Soybean variety | 不同日期(月-日)蒸腾速率峰值 Peak transpiration rate on different date (month-day) (mm?h-1) | 差异显著性 Significance of difference | |||||||||
| 06-15 | 06-20 | 06-21 | 06-26 | 07-04 | 07-05 | 07-06 | 07-09 | 07-16 | 07-19 | |||
| A0 | J21 | 1.11 | 1.79 | 2.08 | 1.16 | 2.06 | 1.49 | 0.79 | 1.56 | 1.53 | 1.36 | NS |
| C08 | 0.92 | 1.21 | 1.75 | 1.06 | 1.80 | 1.37 | 0.67 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 0.99 | ||
| A1 | J21 | 0.91 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.23 | 0.73 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.73 | * | ||
| C08 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.48 | ||||
| A0:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的75%; A1:灌水定额为当地经验灌水定额的37.5%。NS和*分别表示P < 0.05水平大豆品种J21和C08蒸腾速率差异不显著和显著。A0: irrigation quota is 75% of the local empirical irrigation quota; A1: irrigation quota is 37.5% of the local empirical irrigation quota. “NS” and “*” mean no-significant and significant differences in transpiration rate between two soybean varieties at P < 0.05 level. | ||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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