王智鹏
江西财经大学生态经济研究院 南昌 330013
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41661113
江西省社会科学规划项目18YJ13
江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地招标项目JD17042
详细信息
通讯作者:黄和平, 主要从事土地利用与可持续发展、生态系统管理与评价研究。E-mail:hphuang2004@163.com
中图分类号:F301.2计量
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出版历程
收稿日期:2018-11-11
录用日期:2019-01-31
刊出日期:2019-05-01
Evaluation and improvement of agricultural land resource utilization efficiency:A case study of Jiangxi Province
HUANG Heping,,WANG Zhipeng
Institute of Ecological Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41661113
the Social Science Planning Program of Jiangxi Province18YJ13
the Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base Bidding Project of Jiangxi Provincial CollegeJD17042
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Corresponding author:HUANG Heping, E-mail:hphuang2004@163.com
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摘要
摘要:土地资源是世间万物生存与发展的根本，科学评估农业土地资源利用效率时空演变特征，厘清其效率损失原因与改善路径，对缓解人地矛盾、保障粮食安全和实现农业可持续发展有着十分重要的意义。本文以江西省11个设区市为研究区域，将土地资源生态价值纳入投入产出指标体系，利用VRS-DEA模型与Malmquist指数对1990—2016年江西省农业土地资源利用效率时空特征进行分解分析，定量分析农业土地资源利用效率损失原因，并给出改善农业土地资源利用效率的有效路径。结果表明：1）江西省农业土地资源整体利用效率较高，1990-2016年呈现"先下降后上升"的变动趋势，效率均值为0.889；2）从效率分解情况来看，综合技术效率是纯技术效率和规模效率共同作用的结果，但规模效率影响能力强于纯技术效率；3）从空间格局演变角度来看，区域间效率变化轨迹差异显著，非均衡发展趋势较为突出，呈现“大聚集-小分散”的分布特征，梯形层次明显；4）从全要素生产率动态变化情况来看，江西省农业土地资源利用全要素生产率整体呈增长趋势，技术进步贡献最大，且全要素生产率增长属于技术进步“单轨驱动”模式；5）从效率损失原因来看，种植业产值产出不足是效率损失的主要原因，农药化肥、种植业从业人员等要素投入冗余是次要原因；6）从效率改善路径来看，优化资源要素配置，规范减少农药化肥使用，逐步转移农村剩余劳动力，提高土地生产机械化、规模化水平是改善农业土地资源利用效率的关键路径。该研究结果可为深入了解江西省农业土地资源整体利用形势、识别存在问题和优化发展路径提供参考，同时为未来政府制定农业土地资源高效利用与管理决策提供科学依据。
关键词:农业土地资源/
土地利用效率/
技术效率/
规模效率/
VRS-DEA模型/
Malmquist指数/
江西省
Abstract:Land resources are material carriers for human reproduction, the basis of socioeconomic and cultural development, and the foundation for the survival and development of all things worldwide. Scientific evaluation of the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of agricultural land use efficiency is necessary for alleviating negative impacts due to interactions between humans and land and for ensuring food security. The utilization efficiency of land resources has been the focus of academic attention and research. It is of great significance to assess the reasons for the loss of land efficiency and to find ways to improve it for sustainable agricultural development. In this study, the VRS-DEA (Variable Scale Reward-Date Envelopment Analysis) model and Malmquist index were used to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of agricultural land resource utilization efficiency in Jiangxi Province from 1990 to 2016. And the ecological value of agricultural land resources was incorporated into an input-output index system to quantitatively analyze the causes of its efficiency loss, and suggest effective ways to improve the agricultural land resource utilization efficiency in Jiangxi Province. The results of the research showed that:1) The overall utilization efficiency of agricultural land resources was relatively high in Jiangxi Province. From 1990 to 2016, the utilization efficiency first decreased and then increased, with an average efficiency of 0.889. 2) Regarding efficiency decomposition, the comprehensive technical efficiency was the combination of pure technical and scale efficiencies; however, the scale efficiency impact was stronger than that of pure technical efficiency; therefore, the inefficiency of scale was an important reason for the inefficiency of comprehensive technology. 3) With regard to spatial pattern evolution, there were significant differences in the trajectories of efficiency variations among regions, and the trend of non-equilibrium development was more prominent. Over the years, the efficient and relatively efficient areas of DEA were mainly distributed in the cities of north-central Jiangxi, showing "large aggregation-small dispersion" characteristics with obvious trapezoidal layers. 4) The total factor productivity (TFP) of agricultural land resource utilization generally increased in Jiangxi Province. The contribution of technological progress was the largest, and the growth of total factor productivity was a result of the "monorail-driven" mode of technological progress. The main factors restricting the growth of TFP of agricultural land resource utilization were the low pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. 5) The lack of output value of crop production was the main reason for loss of efficiency. The redundant input of pesticides, fertilizers, and planting practitioners were the secondary causes. The reasons for the loss of agricultural land use efficiency in different cities were different, and the input and output factors had great potential for improvement. 6) Regarding the efficiency improvement path, optimizing the allocation of resources, standardizing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, gradually transferring surplus rural labor, and improving the level of mechanization and scale of land production were key to improving the efficiency of land resource utilization. The research results could provide a reference for further understanding the overall utilization situation of agricultural land resources, identifying existing problems, and optimizing the development path in Jiangxi Province. This research provided a scientific basis to formulate efficient utilization and management decisions of agricultural land resources in the future.
Key words:Agricultural land resources/
Land use efficiency/
Technical efficiency/
Scale efficiency/
VRS-DEA model/
Malmquist index/
Jiangxi Province
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图11990—2016年江西省农业土地资源利用效率变化趋势
Figure1.Changes of agricultural land use efficiency in Jiangxi Province from 1990 to 2016
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图21990—2016年江西省11个设区市农业土地资源利用效率空间格局演变过程
Figure2.Spatial pattern of agricultural land use efficiency in 11 cities of Jiangxi Province from 1990 to 2016
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1农业土地资源利用效率投入产出指标描述性统计
Table1.Descriptive statistics of input and output indexes of agricultural land resource use efficiency
| 指标类型 Index type | 分项指标 Sub index | 指标名称 Index name | 最大值 Max value | 最小值 Min value | 均值 Mean value | 标准差 Standard deviation |
| 投入指标 Input index | 土地 Land | X1农作物播种面积 Planting area of crops (khm2) | 975.79 | 116.94 | 510.24 | 299.63 |
| 资本 Capital | X2农业机械总动力 Total power of agricultural machinery (104kW) | 705.31 | 12.65 | 155.42 | 145.39 | |
| X3农药使用量 Pesticides usage (t) | 20 467 | 354 | 6 222 | 4 953 | ||
| X4化肥使用量 Fertilizers consumption1) (104t) | 24.11 | 1.47 | 10.99 | 6.61 | ||
| X5农膜使用量 Agricultural film consumption1) (t) | 13 401 | 106 | 3 217 | 2 891 | ||
| 劳动力 Labor | X6 种植业从业人员数 Number of employees in plantation industry (104person) | 156.01 | 9.12 | 45.05 | 31.78 | |
| 产出指标 Output index | 农业总产值 Agricultural output value | Y1种植业总产值 Total output value of planting industry (108￥) | 251.62 | 2.01 | 56.02 | 51.84 |
| 粮食总产量 Grain output | Y2粮食总产量2) Grain output2) (104t) | 428.97 | 38.06 | 173.70 | 112.17 | |
| 生态价值 Ecological value | Y3生态系统服务价值 Ecosystem service value (108￥) | 222.61 | 22.34 | 103.30 | 62.46 | |
| ??1)化肥使用量采用化肥折纯量表示; 2)粮食总产量中粮食作物不仅包括水稻、玉米、小麦及其他杂粮, 还包括薯类、豆类和花生等。1) Fertilizers consumption is expressed by the effective amount of chemical fertilizers. 2) The total grain output includes not only rice, maize, wheat and other miscellaneous grains, but also potatoes, beans and peanuts. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表21990—2016年江西省农业土地资源利用效率变化指数
Table2.Change indexes of agricultural land resource use efficiency in Jiangxi Province from 1990 to 2016
| 时间段 Year | 技术效率变化指数 Technical efficiency change | 技术进步变化指数 Technical change | 纯技术效率变化指数 Pure technical efficiency change | 规模效率变化指数 Scale efficiency change | Malmquist生产率变化指数 Total factor productivity change |
| 1991—1992 | 0.943 | 0.890 | 0.999 | 0.944 | 0.839 |
| 1992—1993 | 1.002 | 1.008 | 1.001 | 1.001 | 1.010 |
| 1993—1994 | 1.000 | 1.011 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.011 |
| 1994—1995 | 0.999 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 0.999 | 0.993 |
| 1995—1996 | 0.990 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 0.990 | 0.981 |
| 1996—1997 | 1.005 | 1.031 | 1.000 | 1.005 | 1.036 |
| 1997—1998 | 0.996 | 0.983 | 1.000 | 0.996 | 0.979 |
| 1998—1999 | 0.992 | 0.934 | 1.000 | 0.992 | 0.927 |
| 1999—2000 | 0.969 | 0.998 | 0.980 | 0.989 | 0.967 |
| 2000—2001 | 0.975 | 0.909 | 0.976 | 1.000 | 0.887 |
| 2001—2002 | 1.001 | 1.015 | 0.974 | 1.029 | 1.016 |
| 2002—2003 | 0.939 | 0.961 | 0.958 | 0.979 | 0.902 |
| 2003—2004 | 1.031 | 1.126 | 1.011 | 1.019 | 1.161 |
| 2004—2005 | 0.967 | 0.896 | 1.095 | 0.884 | 0.866 |
| 2005—2006 | 0.983 | 0.995 | 0.972 | 1.011 | 0.978 |
| 2006—2007 | 1.018 | 1.100 | 1.038 | 0.981 | 1.120 |
| 2007—2008 | 1.010 | 0.912 | 1.004 | 1.006 | 0.921 |
| 2008—2009 | 1.131 | 1.148 | 1.000 | 1.131 | 1.298 |
| 2009—2010 | 1.076 | 1.001 | 1.000 | 1.076 | 1.077 |
| 2010—2011 | 0.986 | 1.015 | 0.999 | 0.987 | 1.001 |
| 2011—2012 | 1.011 | 1.111 | 1.000 | 1.011 | 1.123 |
| 2012—2013 | 1.006 | 0.963 | 0.999 | 1.007 | 0.969 |
| 2013—2014 | 1.027 | 1.414 | 1.002 | 1.025 | 1.452 |
| 2014—2015 | 1.004 | 1.001 | 1.000 | 1.004 | 1.005 |
| 2015—2016 | 1.006 | 1.017 | 1.000 | 1.006 | 1.023 |
| 2016—2017 | 1.002 | 1.055 | 1.000 | 1.002 | 1.057 |
| 均值Mean | 1.003 | 1.018 | 1.000 | 1.003 | 1.021 |
下载: 导出CSV表31990—2016年江西省11个设区市农业土地资源利用效率平均指数
Table3.Average change indexes of agricultural land use efficiency in 11 cities in Jiangxi Province from 1990 to 2016
| 城市 City | 技术效率变化指数 Technical efficiency change | 技术进步变化指数 Technical change | 纯技术效率变化指数 Pure technical efficiency change | 规模效率变化指数 Scale efficiency change | Malmquist生产率变化指数 Total factor productivity change |
| 南昌市Nanchang City | 1.002 | 1.025 | 1.002 | 1.000 | 1.015 |
| 景德镇市Jingdezhen City | 1.001 | 1.031 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.032 |
| 萍乡市Pingxiang City | 1.000 | 1.029 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.029 |
| 九江市Jiujiang City | 0.993 | 1.022 | 0.995 | 0.999 | 1.015 |
| 新余市Xinyu City | 1.002 | 1.041 | 1.000 | 1.002 | 1.043 |
| 鹰潭市Yingtan City | 1.023 | 0.977 | 1.002 | 1.021 | 0.977 |
| 赣州市Ganzhou City | 1.000 | 1.032 | 0.996 | 1.004 | 1.032 |
| 吉安市Ji’an City | 1.000 | 1.028 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.008 |
| 宜春市Yichun City | 1.000 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 |
| 抚州市Fuzhou City | 1.000 | 1.033 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.013 |
| 上饶市Shangrao City | 1.014 | 0.982 | 1.014 | 1.000 | 0.982 |
| 均值Mean | 1.003 | 1.018 | 1.000 | 1.003 | 1.021 |
下载: 导出CSV表4江西省农业土地资源利用投入和产出的优化结果
Table4.Optimized input and output of agricultural land resources utilization in Jiangxi Province
| 城市 City | 投入冗余率 Input redundancy rate (%) | 产出不足率 Output insufficient rate (%) | ||||||||||||
| 农作物播种面积 Crop sown area | 农业机械总动力 Total mechanical power | 农药使用量 Pesticide use | 化肥施用量 Fertilizer use | 农膜使用量 Agricultural film use | 种植业从业人员 Planting practitioners | 种植业产值 Agricultural output value | 粮食总产量 Total grain output | 生态系统服务价值 Ecosystem service value | ||||||
| 南昌市 Nanchang City | 0.88 | 5.06 | 29.15** | 14.28* | 0.00 | 13.64 | 73.61*** | 13.70 | 7.33 | |||||
| 景德镇市 Jingdezhen City | 0.00 | 4.55 | 7.59 | 13.39 | 37.88** | 14.44* | 43.73*** | 5.05 | 0.00 | |||||
| 萍乡市 Pingxiang City | 4.88 | 4.17 | 15.58* | 20.18** | 8.39 | 11.24 | 22.55*** | 3.45 | 2.06 | |||||
| 九江市 Jiujiang City | 12.78 | 3.86 | 21.51* | 15.79 | 13.02 | 25.65** | 0.00 | 28.44*** | 0.00 | |||||
| 新余市 Xinyu City | 0.00 | 0.00 | 13.99* | 7.45** | 10.68 | 4.49 | 37.88*** | 0.00 | 4.34 | |||||
| 鹰潭市 Yingtan City | 0.22 | 1.42 | 13.96** | 10.05* | 3.65 | 0.00 | 55.99*** | 0.38 | 0.00 | |||||
| 赣州市 Ganzhou City | 1.79 | 2.28 | 14.29 | 13.94 | 33.22*** | 25.03** | 20.42* | 3.26 | 10.63 | |||||
| 吉安市 Ji’an City | 9.41 | 3.40 | 33.60*** | 17.26 | 9.58 | 20.44* | 21.67** | 2.03 | 10.03 | |||||
| 宜春市 Yichun City | 5.17 | 8.50 | 22.58*** | 13.61* | 10.54 | 11.07 | 19.82** | 0.00 | 4.17 | |||||
| 抚州市 Fuzhou City | 0.83 | 6.33 | 19.73* | 18.72 | 27.41** | 13.65 | 32.67*** | 3.26 | 12.92 | |||||
| 上饶市 Shangrao City | 2.83 | 3.36 | 27.32** | 17.25* | 10.40 | 16.72 | 34.64*** | 11.77 | 9.27 | |||||
| ??投入冗余率和产出不足率表示应该改善潜力的百分比; 按照冗余率和不足率进行排序, ***、**和*分别表示对农业土地资源利用效率损失影响的第1、第2和第3影响要素。The input redundancy rate and output insufficient rate indicate the percentage of potential improvement. ***, ** and * indicate the first, second and third factors affecting the loss of agricultural land use efficiency according to the input redundancy rate and output insufficient rate. | ||||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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