南方稻区绿肥生态服务功能及生态价值评估研究

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李福夺,
尹昌斌^,
中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京 100081
基金项目: 国家绿肥产业技术体系CARS-22
国家社会科学基金重大项目2018ZDA048

详细信息

作者简介:李福夺, 主要研究方向为农业资源与环境经济。E-mail:lifuduo2010@163.com

通讯作者:尹昌斌, 主要研究方向为农业资源利用与管理。E-mail:yinchangbin@caas.cn

中图分类号:F323.22

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收稿日期:2018-06-04
录用日期:2018-09-15
刊出日期:2019-02-01

Assessment of the functions and ecological services values of green manure in paddy fields in South China

LI Fuduo,
YIN Changbin^,
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Funds: This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research SystemCARS-22
the Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China2018ZDA048

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Corresponding author:YIN Changbin, E-mail:yinchangbin@caas.cn

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摘要
摘要:为探究我国南方稻区绿肥种植的生态服务价值，本文以我国南方稻区农田引入绿肥紫云英为例，界定了稻田种植紫云英的生态服务功能，并运用实际市场法、替代市场法和虚拟市场法等研究方法，构建了绿肥生态价值评估的理论模型，核算了绿肥的生态服务价值，得到了以下研究结论：1）南方稻区绿肥生态服务功能主要涉及调节和支持两类，调节服务包括气体调节、水分涵养和土壤保持3种功能，支持服务则包括土壤有机质累积和土壤营养物质循环两种功能；对应地，南方稻区农田轮作冬绿肥紫云英的生态价值也被界定为以上5种。2）南方稻区冬闲田种植紫云英在一个轮作周期中能够产生1.125万元·hm^-2的生态价值，其中，气体调节价值最大，为0.380万元·hm^-2，其次是土壤有机质累积价值，为0.279万元·hm^-2，营养物质循环价值和土壤保持价值分别为0.204万元·hm^-2和0.214万元·hm^-2，土壤水分涵养价值最小，为0.048万元·hm^-2。3）南方稻区绿肥种植投入成本为0.173万元·hm^-2，绿肥种植所产生的生态价值是种植投入成本的6.5倍。研究表明农田冬种绿肥紫云英的生态服务价值是客观存在的。该研究为南方稻区绿肥引入冬闲田后生态价值的评估提供了较为科学的研究方法和基础参数，同时，也为未来政府制定绿肥种植的生态补偿机制提供了理论依据。
关键词:南方稻区/
冬闲田/
绿肥/
紫云英/
生态价值评估
Abstract:In the context of deepened promotion of rural revitalization, exploration of greener and more ecological path to agricultural modernization has become the mode of deepening agricultural reform. In the process of building modern agriculture, China has led the establishment of good agricultural ecosystems as a breakthrough point and the development of green manure as an important starting point in the establishment of good agricultural ecosystems and promotion of green transformation of agriculture. In order to explore ecological services values of green manure (Astragalus sinicus L.) in winter paddy fields in South China, we defined ecological services functions of green manure in paddy fields in winter and used research methods (such as actual market method, alternative market method and virtual market method) to construct an initial theoretical model of ecological services value assessment from which ecological services values of green manure in South China were calculated. The following conclusions were reached:1) that ecological services functions of green manure in paddy fields in South China were mainly of 2 kinds-regulation and support services. Regulation services included gas regulation, water conservation and soil conservation. The support services included accumulation of soil organic matter and soil nutrient cycle, corresponding to ecological services values defined for the above 5 species. 2) For a rotation cycle, ecological services value of winter green manure in paddy fields in South China was 1.13×10⁴ ￥·hm^-2. Among these, the value of gas regulation was the largest (3.80×10³ ￥·hm^-2), the cumulative value of soil organic matter followed next (2.79×10³ ￥·hm^-2), next were nutrient cycle (2.04×10³ ￥·hm^-2) and soil conservation (2.14×10³ ￥·hm^-2) values, and soil water conservation value was the smallest (4.80×10² ￥·hm^-2). 3) The cost of winter green manure was 1.73×10³ ￥·hm^-2 in paddy fields in South China. The ecological services value of green manure was 6.5 times the cost of planting, indicating that the existence of ecological services value of green manure was objective. This study provided further detail on scientific methods and the basic parameters for ecological services value assessment for green manure in paddy fields in South China. Meanwhile, it also provided the theoretical basis for the formulation of ecological compensation mechanisms for future green manure plantations.
Key words:Paddy field in South China/
Winter fallowing field/
Green manure/
Astragalus sinicus L./
Ecological valuation

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表1南方稻区农田紫云英生态服务功能
Table1.Ecological service functions of Astragalus sinicus L. in rice area of South China

一级划分 First partition	二级划分 Secondary partition	与Costanza分类对照 Contrast with Costanza	生态系统服务功能定义 Definition of ecological service function
调节服务 Regulating services	气体调节 Gas regulation	气体调节 Gas regulation	维持大气化学组分平衡, 吸收氮氧化物和SO₂ Maintaining of equilibrium of atmospheric chemical components, absorption of nitrogen oxides and SO₂
	水分涵养 Water conservation	水调节、供水 Water regulation, water supply	淡水过滤、持留和储存以及淡水供给 Filtration, retention and storage of fresh water and supply of fresh water
	土壤保持 Soil conservation	水土保持 Soil and water conservation	阻滞土壤养分、有机质以及水土流失 Blocking of soil nutrients and organic matter, and control of soil erosion
支持服务 Support services	土壤有机质累积 Soil organic matter accumulation	土壤形成 Soil formation	作物生长必要的营养元素有机质在土壤中的累积与保持 Accumulation and maintenance of essential nutrient elements in soil
支持服务 Support services	土壤营养物质循环 Soil nutrients circulate	营养循环 Nutrient cycle	养分在生物库、土壤库中的持留与循环 Nutrient retention and recycling in biological bank and soil bank

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表2南方稻区稻田轮作紫云英的生态价值
Table2.Ecological value of Astragalus sinicus L. planted in winter in paddy field in South China

×10⁴ ￥?hm²
ASOM	NSC						SC			SWC	GR
	BP			SP			SER	NLR	SDR		CFOR		AP
	N	P	K	N	P	K	SER	NLR	SDR		CF	OR	SA	NA	DD
—	0.035	0.023	0.041	0.057	0.018	0.030	0.014	0.194	0.015	—	0.062	0.250	0.014	0.053	0.001
		0.099			0.105						0.312			0.068
0.279			0.204					0.214		0.048			0.380
总计 Total value								1.125
??ASOM:土壤有机质累积; NSC:营养物质循环; BP:生物库; SP:土壤库; SC:土壤保持; SER:减少土壤侵蚀; NLR:减少土壤养分流失; SDR:减少河流泥沙淤积; SWC:土壤水分涵养; GR:气体调节; CFOR:固碳释氧; CF:固碳; OR:释氧; AP:空气净化; SA:吸收SO₂; NA:吸收NO_x; DD:滞尘。ASOM: accumulation of soil organic matter; NSC: nutrient substance cycling; BP: biotic pool; SP: soil pool; SC: soil conservation; SER: soil erosion reduction; NLR: nutrient loss reduction; SDR: sediment deposition reduction; SWC: soil water conservation; GR: gas regulation; CFOR: carbon fixation and oxygen release; CF: carbon fixation; OR: oxygen release; AP: air purification; SA: SO₂ absorption; NA: NO_x absorption; DD: dust detention.

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表3南方稻区稻田轮作紫云英的种植投入情况
Table3.Planting input of Astragalus sinicus L. planted in winter in paddy field in South China

×10⁴ ￥?hm²
种子 Seeds	农机 Machinery	化肥 Fertilizer	农药 Pesticide	人工 Labor	总投入 Total Input
0.093	0.068	0	0	0.012	0.173
??数据来源于2018年4月份课题组对南方稻区所做的调查。The data comes from the survey conducted by the research group on the southern China in April 2018.

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