白志杰^{1, 2,},
任丹丹^{1, 2},
杨艳敏¹,
胡玉昆^1,,,
杨永辉^1,,
1.中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室/中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
基金项目: 国家水专项课题2018ZX07110001
国家自然科学基金41671021
国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD0300908-2

详细信息

作者简介:白志杰, 研究方向为生态水文。E-mail:zjbai@sjziam.ac.cn

通讯作者:胡玉昆, 主要从事农业用水与地下水模拟研究, E-mail:huyk@sjziam.ac.cn
杨永辉, 主要从事水循环及其农业水资源等相关研究, E-mail:yonghui.yang@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号:P339

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-03-24
录用日期:2019-04-26
刊出日期:2019-07-01

Trend of agricultural plantation and irrigation requirements in the upper reaches of Xiong'an New Area

BAI Zhijie^{1, 2,},
REN Dandan^{1, 2},
YANG Yanmin¹,
HU Yukun^1,,,
YANG Yonghui^1,,
1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture/Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shi-jiazhuang 050022, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: the National Water Special Project of China2018ZX07110001
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41671021
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2017YFD0300908-2

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Corresponding author:HU Yukun, E-mail: huyk@sjziam.ac.cn;YANG Yonghui, E-mail: yonghui.yang@sjziam.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:本文利用作物模型模拟小麦、玉米灌溉需水量，结合蒸发皿法估算蔬菜、果树等其他作物需水量，回溯雄安新区上游1986-2015年农业种植结构及农业需水的时空演变趋势，摸清不同作物的需水量比例及时间变化，并推算了消除降水年际波动的1970-2015年农作物灌溉需水量，探讨单纯人类活动下的农业需水量变化趋势。结果表明，1986-2015年，研究区作物播种总面积总体呈上升趋势，耕地面积多年平均84.9万hm²，有效灌溉面积平均71.3万hm²，占总耕地面积的84%。其中小麦播种面积稍有下降，玉米、蔬菜播种面积显著增加，果树种植比例在山区增加、平原区减少。研究区多年平均灌溉需水量22.52×10⁸ m³，小麦、玉米、蔬菜、果树和其他作物分别占灌溉需水总量的58.6%、12.6%、5.8%、16.3%和6.7%，受播种面积增加影响，1970-2015年，蔬菜和果树需水显著上升。从空间上来看，灌溉需水总量在上游山区上升显著，而在平原区表现为下降；排除降水的年际波动后，研究区作物需水自1970年以来一直呈上升趋势，进入20世纪80年代中期，虽然整体上升减缓，但随农业播种总面积增加和蔬菜、水果需水增加影响，需水量整体呈缓慢上升趋势。因此，控制上游农业用水，种植低耗水作物、减少耗水作物的种植面积，是恢复雄安新区清水产流的关键。
关键词:雄安新区/
农业种植结构/
灌溉需水量/
作物模型/
蒸发皿法
Abstract:The agriculture is a major consumer of water. Since Xiong'an New Area is facing serious water shortage and groundwater declining, it is necessary to optimize the scale of upstream agriculture water use. By using crop models for simulating the irrigation requirements of wheat and maize, and taking the Pan-evaporation coefficient (K_p) approach to estimate the irrigation requirement of other crops, such as vegetables and fruit trees, our study reconstructed the spatial and temporal trend of agriculture plantation and irrigation requirement in the upper reaches of Xiong'an New Area from 1970. The proportion of irrigation requirements and time-dependent changes of different crops formed a clear trend. The results showed that the total planting area generally increased. There was no significant change in the area of cultivated land and the effective irrigated area. The average cultivated area for many years was 849 000 hm², while the effective irrigated area averaged 713 000 hm², accounting for 84% of the total cultivated land area. The planting area of wheat decreased slightly, the planting areas of maize and vegetables increased significantly, and the planting proportion of fruit trees increased in the mountain area and decreased in the plain area. The annual average irrigation requirement was 22.52×10⁸ m³, of which wheat, maize, vegetables, fruit trees, and other crops accounted for 58.6%, 12.6%, 5.8%, 16.3%, and 6.7% of the total irrigation requirement, respectively. The irrigation requirement of vegetables and fruit trees increased significantly, and was affected by the increase in planting area. Spatially, the total irrigation requirement increased significantly in the mountain area but decreased in the plain area. After elimination of the influence of annual precipitation fluctuation, the irrigation requirement showed a sharply increasing trend from 1970 to 2015, but slowed down in the mid-1980s. Owing to the increase of planting area and irrigation requirements of vegetables and fruit trees, the irrigation requirement showed a slow increasing tendency overall. Therefore, controlling the agricultural water use in the upper mountainous reaches of Xiong'an New Area, planting of low-water-consuming crops and reducing the planting area of water-consuming crops are keys to restoring water production for Xiong'an New Area. Finally, the sustainable utilization of regional water resources should be based on local natural conditions and the layout of agricultural production should be arranged in accordance with the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources to seek a coordinated development for the water-ecology-social economy of Xiong'an New Area.
Key words:Xiong'an New Area/
Agricultural plantation/
Crop irrigation requirement/
Crop model/
Pan-evaporation coefficient approach

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图1研究区域边界、气象站、河流水系分布图
Figure1.Sketch map of boundary, meteorological stations and river systems in the study area


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图21986—2015年研究区耕地面积、有效灌溉面积(a)和各作物播种面积(b)的变化
Figure2.Changes of cultivated area, effective irrigation area (a) and sown area of various crops (b) in the study area from 1986 to 2015


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图31986—2015年研究区各县作物种植面积和播种总面积变化趋势及显著性水平
Figure3.Spatial changes of the sown areas of crops in counties of the study area from 1986 to 2015


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图41986—2015年研究区农作物灌溉需水量变化
Figure4.Time-series of annual average irrigation water requirements of crops in the study area from 1986 to 2015


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图51986—2015年研究区农作物灌溉需水量变化趋势
Figure5.Trends of irrigation water requirements of crops in the study area from 1986 to 2015


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图61986—2015年研究区各县农作物灌溉需水量空间变化趋势以及显著性水平
Figure6.Spatial changes of the irrigation water requirements of crops in counties of the study area from 1986 to 2015


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图71970—2015年研究区农作物消除降水年际波动的灌溉需水模拟值变化
Figure7.Changes of simulated irrigation water requirements of crops without fluctuation of annual precipitation in the study area from 1970 to 2015


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表1研究区蔬菜和果树的蒸发皿系数(K_p)
Table1.Pan-evaporation coefficient (K_p) for cultivated vegetables and fruit trees in the study area

设施蔬菜Greenhouse vegetable
草莓Fragaria × ananassa	0.51	菜花Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	0.84	豆角Vigna unguiculata	0.73
韭菜Allium tuberosum	0.63	黄瓜Cucumis sativus	0.95	茄子Solanum melongena	1.00
甘蓝Brassica oleracea	0.73	番茄Lycopersicon esculentum	0.84	西葫芦Cucurbita pepo	0.58
甜椒Capsicum annuum var. grossum	0.88
露地蔬菜Outdoor vegetable
春架豆Vigna unguiculata in spring	0.73	春黄瓜Cucumis sativus in spring	0.95	早茄子 Early Solanum melongena	1.00
秋架豆Vigna unguiculata in autumn	1.18	秋黄瓜Cucumis sativus in autumn	1.41	晚茄子 Later Solanum melongena	1.00
春芹菜Apium graveolens in spring	1.13	春菜花 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis in srping	0.84	大葱Allium fistulosum	1.03
秋芹菜Apium graveolens in autumn	1.23	秋菜花 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis in autumn	1.09	大蒜Allium saticum	0.86
大白菜Brassica pekinensis	1.34	番茄Lycopersicon esculentum	0.84	马铃薯Solanum tuberosm	0.83
春甘蓝Brassica oleracea in spring	0.73	白萝卜Raphanus sativus	1.22	洋葱Allium cepa	0.66
秋甘蓝Brassica oleracea in autumn	1.18	胡萝卜Daucus carota	1.14	甜椒 Capsicum annuum var. grossum	0.88
韭菜Allium tuberosum	0.63	西瓜Citrullus vulgaris	0.89	甜瓜Cucumis melo	0.83
西葫芦Cucurbita pepo	0.58
果树Fruit tree
梨树Pyrus spp.	0.97	苹果Malus domestica	0.61	桃树Amygdalus persica	0.47
枣树Ziziphus jujuba	0.46	葡萄Vitis vinifera	0.92

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