杨劲松1,,,
姚荣江1,
高珊1, 2,
曹逸凡3,
孙运朋1, 2
1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室 南京 210008
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
3.扬州大学环境科学与工程学院 扬州 225000
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0200303
国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0501309
国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0501201
中国科学院重点部署项目KFZD-SW-112-03-02
国家自然科学基金-山东联合基金重点支持项目U1806215
江苏省重点研发计划（现代农业）重点项目BE2015337
江苏省重点研发计划（现代农业）重点项目BE2017337
中国科学院南京土壤研究所“一三五”计划和领域前沿项目ISSASIP1633
详细信息
作者简介:朱海, 主要从事盐渍化农田土壤养分转化方面的研究。E-mail:zhuhai0917@163.com
通讯作者:杨劲松, 主要从事盐碱地治理利用与盐渍化防控方面研究。E-mail：jsyang@issas.ac.cn
中图分类号:S156.4;S141.4计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-07-24
录用日期:2018-10-15
刊出日期:2019-03-01
Effects of partial substitution of organic nitrogen for inorganic nitrogen in fertilization on salinity and nitrogen utilization in salinized coastal soil
ZHU Hai1, 2,,YANG Jinsong1,,,
YAO Rongjiang1,
GAO Shan1, 2,
CAO Yifan3,
SUN Yunpeng1, 2
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0200303
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFC0501309
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFC0501201
the Key Project of Chinese Academy of SciencesKFZD-SW-112-03-02
the Shandong Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaU1806215
the Key R & D Project (Modern Agriculture) of Jiangsu ProvinceBE2015337
the Key R & D Project (Modern Agriculture) of Jiangsu ProvinceBE2017337
the Innovation Project of Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesISSASIP1633
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Corresponding author:YANG Jinsong, E-mail: jsyang@issas.ac.cn
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摘要
摘要:土壤盐渍化造成氮素的损失，限制了作物对氮素的有效利用。为研究滨海盐渍化农田等氮量投入条件下，有机无机肥配施对农田土壤盐分和作物氮素养分吸收利用及氮平衡的影响，以江苏东台滩涂围垦农田为研究平台，选取玉米品种‘长江玉8号’为供试作物，设6个处理：不施肥（CK）、全有机肥（OM1）、1/4化肥+3/4有机肥（OM3/4）、1/2化肥+1/2有机肥（OM1/2）、3/4化肥+1/4有机肥（OM1/4）、全化肥（OM0）。在玉米播种前、生长期和收获后采集土样，同时在收获后采集植株样品，分析土壤盐分、pH、水分、无机氮含量和玉米植株不同部位的氮含量和累积量，计算氮肥利用效率和氮平衡。结果表明：1）有机肥代替部分化肥的施入，降低了滨海盐渍化农田土壤的电导率，且呈现出随有机肥施用量增加电导率逐渐降低的趋势，但其对土壤pH影响不显著。2）有机肥的施入提高了土壤有机质含量，改善了土壤结构，降低了土壤容重，同时提高了土壤含水率，增强了土壤的持水性能。3）就不同处理玉米产量和吸氮量来看，OM1/4处理玉米产量、籽粒含氮量和全植株吸氮量最高。同时，氮收获指数、氮肥当季回收率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力等指标也较高。4）就氮素平衡状况来看，氮素输入量远大于作物吸收量和土壤残留量，有很大一部分无机氮损失掉。其中，OM1/4处理氮素表观损失量较小。综合有机无机肥配施对降低土壤盐分和作物养分吸收利用两者来看，在225 kg·hm-2氮用量条件下，OM1/4处理效果最好，既能在一定程度上降低土壤含盐量，又能维持较高的作物产量和氮素利用效率。同时对于改善土壤结构，提高土壤的保水性和土壤有机质含量都具有重要意义。
关键词:土壤盐渍化/
有机无机肥配施/
土壤盐分/
氮利用率/
氮平衡
Abstract:Salinization reduces soil N utilization and must be controlled. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in various combinations on soil salt content and N utilization. A series of field experiments were conducted in newly reclaimed and salinized farmland in Dongtai, Jiangsu. Maize 'Changjiangyu 8' was grown in soils receiving no fertilization (CK) or applied with one of the following combinations of fertilizers:OM1 (manure only), OM3/4 (1/4 chemical fertilizer and 3/4 manure), OM1/2 (1/2 chemical fertilizer and 1/2 manure), OM1/4 (3/4 chemical fertilizer and 1/4 manure), and OM0 (chemical fertilizer only). All combinations provided 225 kg·hm-2 N. Soil samples were collected before sowing, during the growing stage of maize, and after maize was harvested. Samples were analyzed for salt content, pH, moisture, and inorganic N. Harvested maize plants were analyzed for N. Crop N uptake and soil N balance and use efficiency were computed. Application of manure increased soil porosity and reduced soil density and surface salt. As a result, the electric conductivity of the soil decreased, and the decrease appeared to be proportional to the rate of manure application. Soil pH was not affected. Application of manure increased soil moisture and organic matter content, and the increase was in proportion to the rate of manure application. Application of OM1/4 resulted in the highest corn N uptake, N content, and yield among all treatments. The combination was also highest in N harvest index, N recovery, N agronomy efficiency, and N partial productivity. While balance analysis showed loss of N from the soil for all treatments due to leaching, runoff, and volatilization, the loss was lowest for OM1/4. Application of combined 3/4 chemical fertilizer and 1/4 manure to provide 225 kg·hm-2 N reduced soil salinity and resulted in the highest corn production and N efficiency. Meanwhile, it also had significant influence on the improvement of soil water holding capacity, soil structure and organic matter content.
Key words:Soil salinization/
Organic and inorganic fertilizer combinations/
Soil salt/
Nitrogen use efficiency/
Soil nitrogen balance
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图1不同施肥处理下玉米收获期滨海盐渍农田土壤电导率和pH的差异
CK:不施肥; OM1:全粪肥; OM3/4: 1/4化肥+3/4粪肥; OM1/2: 1/2化肥+1/2粪肥; OM1/4: 3/4化肥+1/4粪肥; OM0:全化肥。同一土层, 不同处理间土壤电导率和pH差异均不显著。
Figure1.Soil electrical conductivity and pH of coastal salinized farmland under different treatments at maize harvest stage
CK: no fertilizer; OM1: all organic manure; OM3/4: 1/4 chemical fertilizer + 3/4 organic manure; OM1/2: 1/2 chemical fertilizer + 1/2 organic manure; OM1/4: 3/4 chemical fertilizer + 1/4 organic manure; OM0: all chemical fertilizer. The differences in soil electrical conductivity and pH are not significant among treatments in the same soil layer.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2不同施肥处理下玉米收获期滨海盐渍农田土壤含水率、容重和有机质的差异
CK:不施肥; OM1:全粪肥; OM3/4: 1/4化肥+3/4粪肥; OM1/2: 1/2化肥+1/2粪肥; OM1/4: 3/4化肥+1/4粪肥; OM0:全化肥。不同小写和大写字母分别代表 0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层各处理间的差异显著(P < 0.05), 未标注则差异不显著。
Figure2.Soil moisture content, bulk density and organic matter content of coastal salinized farmland under different treatments at maize harvest stage
CK: no fertilizer; OM1: all organic manure; OM3/4: 1/4 chemical fertilizer + 3/4 organic manure; OM1/2: 1/2 chemical fertilizer + 1/2 organic manure; OM1/4: 3/4 chemical fertilizer + 1/4 organic manure; OM0: all chemical fertilizer. Different lowercase and capital letters mean significant differences among treatments in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer, respectively. The difference is not significant without marking.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1研究区土壤和试验用有机肥基本性质
Table1.Properties of soil and organic manure applied in the experiment
| 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg-1) | 全磷 Total P (g·kg-1) | pH | 电导率 Electrical conductivity (μS·cm-1) | NH4+ (mg·kg-1) | NO3- (mg·kg-1) | |
| 土壤Soil | 9.11±1.71 | 0.58±0.02 | 38.89±13.65 | 1.05±0.61 | 9.18±0.21 | 347.57±141.83 | 0.71±0.47 | 3.97±2.20 |
| 有机肥Organic manure | 309.38±7.95 | 16.53±1.19 | — | 11.49±6.10 | 6.42±0.10 | 7 593.00±48.14 | 20.13±1.96 | 3 752.21±43.97 |
下载: 导出CSV表2不同施肥处理下滨海盐渍农田玉米产量、含氮量和吸氮量的差异
Table2.Maize yield, nitrogen content and N uptake in coastal salinized farmland under different treatments
| 处理 Treatment | 产量Yield (g·plant-1) | 氮素含量N content (g·kg-1) | 氮素吸收量N uptake (g·plant-1) | ||||||
| 籽粒Grain | 秸秆Straw | 籽粒Grain | 秸秆Straw | 籽粒Grain | 秸秆Straw | 总量Total | |||
| CK | 64.09±19.93b | 174.78±7.15 | 15.08±0.67ab | 10.05±1.55b | 0.84b | 1.76b | 2.60b | ||
| OM1 | 79.31±19.01ab | 205.49±10.14 | 14.60±1.45b | 13.08±5.25b | 1.01b | 2.69ab | 3.70ab | ||
| OM3/4 | 86.37±19.22ab | 197.94±20.75 | 16.25±1.46ab | 14.84±0.87a | 1.22ab | 2.94a | 4.16a | ||
| OM1/2 | 84.70±28.73ab | 193.92±1.51 | 16.56±1.42ab | 14.50±3.58a | 1.22ab | 2.81ab | 4.03a | ||
| OM1/4 | 104.60±22.47a | 205.06±44.80 | 16.63±1.28a | 13.68±2.57ab | 1.51a | 2.81ab | 4.32a | ||
| OM0 | 84.49±9.08ab | 200.44±13.81 | 16.35±0.59ab | 14.33±3.81a | 1.20ab | 2.87a | 4.07a | ||
| CK:不施肥; OM1:全粪肥; OM3/4: 1/4化肥+3/4粪肥; OM1/2: 1/2化肥+1/2粪肥; OM1/4: 3/4化肥+1/4粪肥; OM0:全化肥。同列数字后不同小写字母表示不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著, 未标注则差异不显著。CK: no fertilizer; OM1: all organic manure; OM3/4: 1/4 chemical fertilizer + 3/4 organic manure; OM1/2: 1/2 chemical fertilizer + 1/2 organic manure; OM1/4: 3/4 chemical fertilizer + 1/4 organic manure; OM0: all chemical fertilizer. Values within a column followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at 0.05 probability level, the difference is not significant without marking. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同施肥处理下滨海盐渍农田玉米氮肥利用效率
Table3.Maize N utilization efficiency in coastal salinized farmland under different treatments
| 处理 Treatment | 氮收获指数 N harvest index (%) | 氮肥当季回收率 N recovery efficiency (%) | 氮肥农学效率 N agronomy efficiency (kg·kg-1) | 氮肥偏生产力 N partial factor productivity (kg·kg-1) |
| CK | 32.37 | |||
| OM1 | 27.25 | 32.94 | 4.57 | 23.79 |
| OM3/4 | 29.37 | 46.81 | 6.68 | 25.91 |
| OM1/2 | 30.27 | 43.04 | 6.18 | 25.41 |
| OM1/4 | 35.04 | 51.65 | 12.15 | 31.38 |
| OM0 | 29.50 | 44.25 | 6.12 | 25.35 |
| CK:不施肥; OM1:全粪肥; OM3/4: 1/4化肥+3/4粪肥; OM1/2: 1/2化肥+1/2粪肥; OM1/4: 3/4化肥+1/4粪肥; OM0:全化肥。各指标不同处理间差异不显著。CK: no fertilizer; OM1: all organic manure; OM3/4: 1/4 chemical fertilizer + 3/4 organic manure; OM1/2: 1/2 chemical fertilizer + 1/2 organic manure; OM1/4: 3/4 chemical fertilizer + 1/4 organic manure; OM0: all chemical fertilizer. The difference is not significant treatments. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同施肥处理下滨海盐渍农田玉米土壤氮素平衡
Table4.N balance of maize field in coastal salinized farmland under different treatments
| 处理 Treatment | 输入N input (kg·hm-2) | 输出N uptake (kg·hm-2) | |||||
| 施氮量 N rate | 起始无机氮 Initial N | 净矿化 Net mineralization | 作物吸氮量 Crop uptake | 残留无机氮 Residual N | 表观损失量 Apparent loss rate | ||
| CK | 0 | 18.66 | 173.71 | 175.37b | 17.00 | 0.00b | |
| OM1 | 225 | 28.49 | 173.71 | 249.47ab | 16.94 | 160.80a | |
| OM3/4 | 225 | 31.76 | 173.71 | 280.70a | 21.29 | 128.48a | |
| OM1/2 | 225 | 22.95 | 173.71 | 272.20a | 18.03 | 131.43a | |
| OM1/4 | 225 | 34.81 | 173.71 | 291.58a | 23.14 | 118.80a | |
| OM0 | 225 | 27.46 | 173.71 | 274.92a | 19.73 | 131.53a | |
| CK:不施肥; OM1:全粪肥; OM3/4: 1/4化肥+3/4粪肥; OM1/2: 1/2化肥+1/2粪肥; OM1/4: 3/4化肥+1/4粪肥; OM0:全化肥。同列数字后不同小写字母表示不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著, 未标注则差异不显著。CK: no fertilizer; OM1: all organic manure; OM3/4: 1/4 chemical fertilizer + 3/4 organic manure; OM1/2: 1/2 chemical fertilizer + 1/2 organic manure; OM1/4: 3/4 chemical fertilizer + 1/4 organic manure; OM0: all chemical fertilizer. Values within a column followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at 0.05 probability level, the difference is not significant without marking. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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