孙倩,
张廷伟,
魏君玉,
吕雨晴,
刘长仲^,
甘肃农业大学植物保护学院/甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室 兰州 730070
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31660522

详细信息

作者简介:孙倩, 主要研究方向为有害生物综合治理。E-mail:15002552924@139.com

通讯作者:刘长仲, 主要研究方向为有害生物综合治理。E-mail:liuchzh@gsau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S433.3

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收稿日期:2018-04-25
录用日期:2018-09-05
刊出日期:2019-01-01

Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on nutrients and secondary metabolites in Medicago sativa leaf under different damage degrees of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum, Hemiptera: Aphididae)

SUN Qian,
ZHANG Tingwei,
WEI Junyu,
LYU Yuqing,
LIU Changzhong^,
College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31660522

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Corresponding author:LIU Changzhong, E-mail:liuchzh@gsau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:由于人类大量开采使用石油、煤炭、天然气等化石燃料，使大气CO₂浓度升高，这不但加速全球变暖，还将影响地球上动植物的生存和分布，从而对整个生态系统产生深远影响。为探明CO₂浓度升高与豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum）虫口密度对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）叶片内化学物质的影响，明确CO₂浓度升高和蚜虫密度在紫花苜蓿生理生化中的作用，试验在CO₂光照培养箱内设置380 μL·L^-1（对照）、550 μL·L^-1和750 μL·L^-1 3个CO₂浓度培育苜蓿幼苗并接入10日龄成蚜10头·株^-1、20头·株^-1、30头·株^-1，并以0头·株^-1作为空白对照，1周后测定植物体内营养物质和次生代谢物质含量。结果表明，随CO₂浓度升高，蚜虫密度为30头·株^-1时紫花苜蓿可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖以及淀粉含量均上升，在750 μL·L^-1 CO₂浓度下分别比CK上升11.62倍、0.49倍和0.24倍；黄酮、总酚和简单酚含量也显著上升。随蚜虫危害程度加重，同一CO₂浓度下紫花苜蓿淀粉、简单酚含量先上升后下降，高CO₂浓度蚜虫密度为30头·株^-1时比0头·株^-1时可溶性糖、总酚以及单宁含量上升1.66倍、1.49 mg·g^-1和1.09 mg·g^-1，差异均显著（P < 0.05）。说明具有固氮作用的豆科植物更易于适应CO₂浓度升高的变化，从而在受到刺吸胁迫后增强自身诱导抗虫性以抵御害虫为害。
Abstract:Due to massive exploitation and use of fossil fuel such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, atmospheric CO₂ concentration has been increasing, which not only accelerated global warming, but also affected the survival and distribution of animals and plants on the earth with far-reaching impacts on the ecosystem. This research was carried out to explore the effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and pest population density of Acyrthosiphon pisum on chemical substances in the leaves of Medicago sativa. The objective was assessed the effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and pea aphid density on the physiology and biochemistry of M. sativa. The nutrients and secondary metabolites in M. sativa leaves were determined by cultivating M. sativa seedlings attacked by 10-day old pea aphids of 10 head·plant^-1, 20 head·plant^-1, 30 head·plant^-1 and 0 head·plant^-1 (CK) for one week under three CO₂ concentrations[380 μL·L^-1 (CK), 550 μL·L^-1 and 750 μL·L^-1] in CO₂ gradient chamber. The results indicated that the contents of soluble protein, soluble carbohydrate and starch increased after aphid sucking of 30 head·plant^-1 with increasing CO₂ concentration. At 750 μL·L^-1 CO₂ concentration, they were respectively 11.62 times, 0.49 times and 0.24 times higher than those under CK, respectively. Also the contents of flavone, total polyphenols and simple phenols increased significantly. Furthermore, the contents of starch and simple phenols increased and then decreased with increasing degree of damage under the same CO₂ concentration. Comparatively, contents of soluble carbohydrate, total polyphenols and tannin were significant differences between aphid densities of 30 head·plant^-1 and 0 head·plant^-1, which increased by 1.66 times, 1.49 mg·g^-1 and 1.09 mg·g^-1 (P < 0.05) compared with those of CK under the highest level of CO₂ concentration. The results indicated that nitrogen fixing legume plants were more likely to adapt to increased CO₂ concentration and thereby enhanced self-induced resistance to insect pests.

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表1CO₂浓度升高对不同豌豆蚜危害程度苜蓿叶片营养物质含量的影响
Table1.Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on nutrients contents in Medicago staiva leaves under different damage degrees of pea aphid

CO2浓度 CO2 concentration (μL·L-1)	豌豆蚜密度 Pea aphid density (head·plant-1)	可溶性蛋白质含量 Soluble protein content (mg·g-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble carbohydrate content (mg·g-1)	淀粉含量 Starch content (mg·g-1)
380 (CK)	0	2.99±0.37Ca	1.90±0.51Bc	1.52±0.08Cd
	10	3.41±0.33Ca	2.31±0.34Bc	1.77±0.05Cc
	20	1.84±0.55Cb	3.15±0.73Ab	3.52±0.22Ba
	30	0.81±0.30Cc	4.99±0.70Ca	2.62±0.13Bb
550	0	7.46±0.24Bb	2.20±0.43Bc	2.21±0.04Bc
	10	8.49±0.38Ba	2.87±0.36Ab	3.07±0.79Bb
	20	6.32±0.62Bc	3.46±0.39Ab	3.74±0.30Ba
	30	6.23±0.78Bc	6.09±1.10Ba	3.30±0.15Aab
750	0	12.07±0.76Ab	2.80±0.55Ac	2.54±0.17Ad
	10	13.06±0.32Aa	3.13±0.36Ac	3.26±0.05Ac
	20	10.80±0.57Ac	3.84±0.95Ab	4.40±0.52Aa
	30	10.22±0.11Ac	7.45±0.22Aa	3.25±0.12Ab
表中数据为平均值±标准差; 数据后同列不同小写字母表示同一CO2浓度不同豌豆蚜危害程度之间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一豌豆蚜危害程度不同CO2浓度之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Data in the table are mean ± SD. Different lowercase letters in the same column show significant differences among different damaged degrees of pea aphid under the same CO2 concentration at 0.05 level, while different capital letters show significant differences on the same damaged degree among different CO2 concentrations at 0.05 level.

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表2CO₂浓度、豌豆蚜危害程度及其交互作用对紫花苜蓿叶片营养物质含量影响的方差分析
Table2.Two-factor ANOVA results for effects of CO₂ concentration, damage degree of pea aphid and their interaction on nutrients contents in leaves of Medicago staiva

营养物质 Nutrient	CO2浓度 CO2 concentration			豌豆蚜密度 Pea aphid density			交互作用 Interaction
	F	P		F	P		F	P
可溶性蛋白质Soluble protein	137.82	< 0.01**		77.29	< 0.01**		0.73	0.49
可溶性糖Soluble carbohydrate	0.01	0.99		269.19	< 0.01**		3.11	0.05
淀粉Starch	6.33	< 0.01**		43.29	< 0.01**		0.70	0.50
*和**分别表示显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)影响。* and ** show significant (0.05 level) and extremely significant (0.01 level) effect, respectively.

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表3CO₂浓度升高对不同豌豆蚜危害程度苜蓿叶片次生代谢物质含量的影响
Table3.Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on secondary metabolites contents in Medicago staiva leaves under different damage degrees of pea aphid

CO2浓度 CO2 concentration (μL·L-1)	豌豆蚜密度 Pea aphid density (head·plant-1)	黄酮含量 Flavone content (mg·g-1)	总酚含量 Total polyphenols content (mg·g-1)	简单酚含量 Simple phenols content (mg·g-1)	单宁含量 Tannin content (mg·g-1)
380 (CK)	0	2.38±0.12Bc	2.35±0.06Bc	0.89±0.09Bc	1.47±0.09Ab
	10	2.71±0.06Bbc	2.11±0.07Cd	1.22±0.02Cb	0.89±0.05Cc
	20	2.56±0.16Bb	3.11±0.09Cb	1.63±0.07Ca	1.47±0.08Cb
	30	3.11±0.29Aa	3.52±0.15Aa	0.86±0.03Cc	2.66±0.13Aa
550	0	2.69±0.09Ab	2.88±0.06Ac	1.17±0.04Ac	1.71±0.06Ab
	10	3.31±0.14Aa	2.84±0.03Bc	1.44±0.05Bb	1.40±0.05Ba
	20	2.64±0.10ABb	3.35±0.04Bb	1.71±0.03Ba	1.64±0.06Bb
	30	3.12±0.16Aa	3.81±0.05Ba	1.16±0.04Bc	2.66±0.07Aa
750	0	2.93±0.16Ab	2.93±0.66Ac	1.26±0.27Ac	1.67±0.40Ac
	10	3.48±0.13Aa	3.97±0.06Ab	1.63±0.02Ab	2.35±0.06Ab
	20	2.83±0.04Ab	3.79±0.06Ab	1.88±0.02Aa	1.91±0.05Aac
	30	2.91±0.08Ab	4.42±0.09Aa	1.66±0.01Ab	2.76±0.09Aa
表中数据为平均值±标准差; 数据后同列不同小写字母表示同一CO2浓度不同豌豆蚜危害程度之间差异显著(P < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一豌豆蚜危害程度不同CO2浓度之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Data in the table are mean ± SD. Different lowercase letters in the same column show significant differences among different damaged degrees of pea aphid under the same CO2 concentration at 0.05 level, while different capital letters show significant differences on the same damaged degree among different CO2 concentrations at 0.05 level.

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表4CO₂浓度、豌豆蚜危害程度及其交互作用对紫花苜蓿叶片次生代谢物质含量影响的方差分析
Table4.Two-factor ANOVA results for effects of CO₂ concentration, degrees of damaged of the pea aphid and their interaction on secondary metabolites in leaves of Medicago staiva

次生代谢物 Secondary compound	CO2浓度 CO2 concentration			豌豆蚜密度 Pea aphid density			交互作用 Interactions
	F	P		F	P		F	P
黄酮Flavone	6.90	< 0.01**		2.38	0.13		3.62	0.05
总酚Total polyphenols	12.63	< 0.01**		157.72	< 0.01**		1.27	0.29
简单酚Simple phenols	0.88	0.42		5.85	< 0.01**		1.98	0.15
单宁Tannin	5.00	< 0.01**		65.15	< 0.01**		0.96	0.39
*和**分别表示显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)影响。* and ** show significant (0.05 level) and extremely significant (0.01 level) effect, respectively.

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