王益权1,,,
李忠徽2
1.陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司/陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司/国土资源部退化及未利用土地整治重点实验室 西安 710075
2.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 杨凌 712100
基金项目: 退化及未利用土地整治工程创新团队项目2016KCT-23
详细信息
作者简介:魏彬萌, 研究方向为土壤物理与改良。E-mail:weibinmeng@126.com
通讯作者:王益权, 主要从事土壤物理及改良方面的研究。E-mail:442516031@qq.com
中图分类号:S152.4计量
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出版历程
收稿日期:2018-03-21
录用日期:2018-06-03
刊出日期:2018-11-01
Effects of planting apple trees on distribution of soil cementing materials in Weibei apple orchards
WEI Binmeng1,,WANG Yiquan1,,,
LI Zhonghui2
1. Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd. /Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd. /Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi'an 710075, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Funds: the Degraded and Unutilized Land Renovation Engineering Innovation Team Project2016KCT-23
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Corresponding author:WANG Yiquan, E-mail:442516031@qq.com
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摘要
摘要:本研究通过系统研究种植果树对土壤胶结性物质的演化规律及其与土壤团聚体稳定性之间关系的影响，探索影响果园土壤团聚体状态的因素，以期为果园科学管理提供理论依据。在渭北旱塬苹果主产区分别选取10 a、20 a的苹果园和农田（冬小麦-夏玉米轮作，对照）各4个，在果树冠层投影范围内距树干2/3处逐层采集0~100 cm土层土壤样品和0~50 cm土层原状土壤样品，研究不同植果年限果园及农田土壤剖面黏粒、有机质、CaCO3等团聚体胶结物质的分布及其与团聚体稳定性之间的关系。结果发现：在0~100 cm土层范围内，各果园土壤黏粒含量基本随土层深度的增加而递增，且在0~40 cm土层表现为农田 > 10 a果园 > 20 a果园，40 cm以下土层则呈现相反的态势；种植果树相比农田可显著增加0~100 cm土层土壤有机质总储量，但随着种植果树年限的增加，土壤有机质总储量呈递减趋势；在0~100 cm土层土壤CaCO3总储量表现为10 a果园 > 农田 > 20 a果园，但在0~40 cm土层CaCO3含量及储量表现为10 a果园 > 农田 > 20 a果园，而40~100 cm土层则为20 a果园 > 10 a > 农田。皮尔森相关分析发现 > 0.25 mm土壤团聚体的数量和平均重量直径（MWD）与土壤黏粒、有机质和CaCO3含量密切相关，其中机械稳定性团聚体的数量和稳定性主要受土壤中CaCO3、有机质含量的影响，水稳性团聚体的数量和稳定性主要受土壤中黏粒和CaCO3的影响。总之，植果显著改变了土壤中黏粒、有机质、CaCO3的演化过程和趋势，随植果年限增加，果园土壤黏粒和CaCO3在土壤较深土层淋溶淀积明显；各果园土壤有机质总储量虽然高于农田，但随植果年限增加，有逐渐减少的趋势。可见植果明显加速了渭北黄土塬地土壤的残积黏化和钙化过程，影响着表层土壤团聚作用和底层土壤的紧实化和坚硬化程度。
关键词:苹果园/
种植年限/
土壤胶结物质/
黏粒/
有机质/
CaCO3/
团聚体
Abstract:The aim of this study was to explore the effects of planting apple trees on soil cementation substances, to determine the relationship between soil aggregate stability and soil cementation substances, to reveal the factors affecting soil aggregate state and to build theoretical basis for the scientific management of apple orchard in Weibei Plateau. Four replicates of 10-year-old and 20-year-old orchards and four farmlands (wheat-corn rotation, CK) were selected for the experiment in Binxian County, Shaanxi Province. Soil samples within two-thirds of the radius of apple tree canopy were collected. Four replicates of undisturbed core samples were taken by driving volumetric rings (100 cm3) into the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm soil layers to determine soil aggregates. Another four replicates were collected from 10 cm and 20 cm intervals respectively over a depth of 0-60 cm and 60-100 cm in each plot to determine the soil contents of clay, organic matter (SOM) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) contents. The results showed that soil clay content increased with increasing depth in the 0-100 cm soil layer. The increase was in the order of farmland > 10-year-old orchard > 20-year-old orchard for the 0-40 cm soil layer and reverse order was noted for the 40-100 cm soil layer. Planting apple trees increased SOM content in the 0-100 cm soil layer of the orchard. However, SOM content decreased with increasing planting age of orchard. The content of soil CaCO3 was in the order of 10-year-old orchard > farmland > 20-year-old orchard for the 0-40 cm soil layer, 20-year-old orchard > 10-year-old orchard > farmland for the 40-100 cm soil layer, and 10-year-old orchard > farmland > 20-year-old orchard for the 0-100 cm soil layer. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the quantity and mean weight diameter (MWD) of > 0.25 mm soil aggregates were closely link to soil clay, SOM and CaCO3 contents. Macro aggregates (> 0.25 mm) and MWD of mechanically stable aggregates were mainly affected by CaCO3 and SOM contents. However, the quantity and stability of water stable aggregates were mainly affected by soil clay and CaCO3 contents. Overall, planting apple trees changed the evolution processes of soil clay, SOM and CaCO3. Soil clay and CaCO3 migrated to deep soil with increasing age of orchard. The total storage of SOM in orchard was higher than that in farmland, but decreased with increasing planting age. It was concluded that planting apple trees enhanced soil residual viscosity and calcification, which affected aggregation of surface soil and compaction and hardness of bottom soil.
Key words:Apple orchard/
Planting age/
Soil cementing materials/
Soil clay/
Soil organic matter/
CaCO3/
Soil aggregate
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图1农田及不同园龄果园不同土层土壤黏粒含量的变化
10a: 10 a果园; 20a: 20 a果园。
Figure1.Soil clay contents in different soil layers of farmland and orchards with different planting ages
10a: 10 years orchard; 20a: 20 years orchard.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2农田及不同园龄果园不同土层土壤有机质含量的变化
10a: 10 a果园; 20a: 20 a果园。
Figure2.Soil organic matter contents in different soil layers of farmland and orchards with different planting ages
10a: 10 years orchard; 20a: 20 years orchard.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3农田及不同园龄果园土壤有机质储量的变化
10a: 10 a果园; 20a: 20 a果园。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure3.Soil organic matter storages in farmland and orchards with different planting ages
10a: 10 years orchard; 20a: 20 years orchard. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4农田及不同园龄果园不同土层土壤CaCO3含量的变化
10a: 10 a果园; 20a: 20 a果园。
Figure4.Soil CaCO3 contents in different layers of farmland and orchards with different planting ages
10a: 10 years orchard; 20a: 20 years orchard.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1农田及不同园龄果园不同土层土壤CaCO3储量变化
Table1.Soil CaCO3 storages in different soil layers of farmland and orchards with different planting ages
| kg·m-2 | |||
| 土层 Soil depth (cm) | 园龄?Planting age of orchard (a) | 农田 Farmland | |
| 10 | 20 | ||
| 0~40 | 49.15±1.03a | 27.07±0.96c | 44.60±1.13b |
| 40~100 | 28.35±0.49b | 35.68±1.03a | 24.41±0.53c |
| 0~100 | 77.50±1.48a | 62.75±1.25c | 69.01±1.41b |
| ??同行不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different small letters in the same line indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||
下载: 导出CSV表2果园土壤不同胶结物质与团聚体稳定性指标间的相关性
Table2.Correlation between soil binding materials and aggregate stability indexes in apple orchard soils
| 胶结物质 Binding material | DR0.25 | MWDD | WR0.25 | MWDW |
| 黏粒Clay | 0.21 | -0.01 | -0.50* | -0.37* |
| CaCO3 | 0.52* | 0.58* | 0.82** | 0.53* |
| 有机质Organic matter | -0.88** | -0.86** | 0.19 | 0.30 |
| ??DR0.25: > 0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量; MWDD:机械稳定性团聚体平均重量直径; WR0.25: > 0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量; MWDW:水稳性团聚体平均重量直径。*和**分别表示相关性达显著(P < 0.05)和极显著水平(P < 0.01)。DR0.25: content of > 0.25 mm mechanical-stable aggregates; MWDD: mean weight diameter of mechanical-stable aggregates; WR0.25: content of > 0.25 mm water-stable aggregates; MWDW: mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates. * and ** represent significant correlation at 5% and 1% levels, respectively. | ||||
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