董心亮^{1, 2,},
林启美^2,,
1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室 石家庄 050022
2.中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41371243

详细信息

作者简介:董心亮, 主要从事土壤生物与生态系统健康研究。E-mail:xldong@sjziam.ac.cn

通讯作者:林启美, 主要从事土壤生物与生物过程研究。E-mail:linqm@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S152

计量

文章访问数:735
HTML全文浏览量:4
PDF下载量:931
被引次数:0

出版历程

收稿日期:2018-03-19
录用日期:2018-07-20
刊出日期:2018-12-01

Biochar effect on soil physical properties: A review

DONG Xinliang^{1, 2,},
LIN Qimei^2,,
1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41371243

More Information

Corresponding author:LIN Qimei, E-mail:linqm@cau.edu.cn

摘要
HTML全文
图(0)表(0)
参考文献(82)
相关文章
施引文献
资源附件(0)
访问统计

摘要
摘要:生物质炭在农业与环境中的应用已成为近期国内外研究热点，有关生物质炭特性以及生物质炭对土壤化学、生物学性质和作物产量的影响，已经有一些综述，但是生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的相关综述很少。本文对近10年生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响相关的研究成果进行了整理分析。研究结果发现生物质炭可以降低土壤容重，提高土壤团聚体稳定性，增加田间持水量和土壤有效水含量，降低饱和导水率等。生物质炭影响土壤物理性质的主要原因是生物质炭具有较大的比表面积和孔隙度。此外，生物质炭与土壤矿质颗粒结合，并通过对土壤微生物活性和植物生长的影响间接影响土壤物理性质。生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响与多种因素有关，如生物质炭原料、裂解温度、施用量和颗粒大小，土壤质地和处理时间等。关于生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的长期研究很少，且缺乏田间试验。因此，将来的研究应更加倾向于长期田间条件下生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响，并逐渐发现生物质炭的作用机理，为实际的农业生产和生态治理提供科学依据。
关键词:生物质炭/
土壤容重/
土壤水分/
土壤团聚作用/
土壤热性质
Abstract:Biochar is charred biomass produced under limited or no oxygen (O₂) supply and at high temperature. Rich in aromatic carbon (C), biochar can persist in soil for hundreds or thousands years. Biochar application in agricultural soils has attracted an intensive global research with extensive reviews of biochar characteristics, effects on soil chemical, biological and physical properties and on crop growth. However, the work on the effect of biochar on soil physical properties is not as detailed as those on soil chemical and biological properties. In this study, relevant publications on the effect of biochar on soil physical properties in recent decades were searched and summarized. The results indicated that biochar application reduced soil bulk density, improved soil aggregate stability, field water holding capacity, soil available water content, and decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity through direct and indirect ways. Biochar has huge specific surface area and porosity, which directly influences soil physical properties such as reducing soil bulk density and increasing water holding capacity and soil available water content. Furthermore, biochar particles combine with soil minerals to change soil structure and create the proper environment for soil microbial and plant root growth, which ultimately affect soil physical properties. Indirectly, the effect of biochar on soil physical properties includes improved soil aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The effect of biochar on soil physical properties is related to biochar application rate, feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, particle size, soil texture and duration in the soil. Generally, the higher the amount of biochar applied, the more significant are the induced changes in soil physical properties (bulk density, water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity). Woody biochar significantly increases saturated hydraulic conductivity, while grass biochar has no effect on saturated hydraulic conductivity. In addition, as the duration after biochar application increases, its effect on soil physical properties decreases. However, very limited studies have investigated this relationship under long-term filed conditions, and field experiments have been even relatively scarce. Consequently, the further studies should focus on the long-term effects of biochar application on soil physical properties in filed condition, and investigate the mechanisms behind the biochar effect on soil physical properties, which is essential to provide scientific evidence for the real agricultural production and ecological improvement. Furthermore, the relationships between biochar characteristics and soil physical properties are not fully known. Thus, there are needs to further investigate the effect of biochar application on the interaction of soil physical and chemical, biological properties and the mechanisms.
Key words:Biochar/
Soil bulk density/
Soil water/
Soil aggregation/
Soil thermal property

HTML全文

参考文献(82)

[1]	WANG J Y, XIONG Z Q, KUZYAKOV Y. Biochar stability in soil:meta-analysis of decomposition and priming effects[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2016, 8:512-523 doi: 10.1111/gcbb.2016.8.issue-3
[2]	BALDOCK J A, SMERNIK R J. Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinus resinosa (red pine) wood[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2002, 33:1093-1109 doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00062-1
[3]	KUZYAKOV Y, SUBBOTINA I, CHEN H Q, et al. Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41(2):210-219 doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.016
[4]	LAGHARI M, MIRJAT M S, HU Z Q, et al. Effects of biochar application rate on sandy desert soil properties and sorghum growth[J]. CATENA, 2015, 135:313-320 doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.08.013
[5]	HALL D J M, BELL R W. Biochar and compost increase crop yields but the effect is short term on sandplain soils of western Australia[J]. Pedosphere, 2015, 25(5):720-728 doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(15)30053-9
[6]	PANDIT N R, MULDER J, HALE S E, et al. Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 625:1380-1389 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.022
[7]	AKHTAR S S, LI G T, ANDERSEN M N, et al. Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2014, 138:37-44 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.016
[8]	MAESTRINI B, NANNIPIERI P, ABIVEN S. A meta-analysis on pyrogenic organic matter induced priming effect[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2015, 7(4):577-590 doi: 10.1111/gcbb.2015.7.issue-4
[9]	LEHMANN J. A handful of carbon[J]. Nature, 2007, 447(7141):143-144 doi: 10.1038/447143a
[10]	SOHI S P, KRULL E, LOPEZ-CAPEL E, et al. Chapter 2-A review of biochar and its use and function in soil[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2010, 105:47-82 doi: 10.1016/S0065-2113(10)05002-9
[11]	WEBER K, QUICKER P. Properties of biochar[J]. Fuel, 2018, 217:240-261 doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.054
[12]	孔丝纺, 姚兴成, 张江勇, 等.生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(4):716-723 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/tryhj201504025 KONG S F, YAO X C, ZHANG J Y, et al. Review of characteristics of biochar and research progress of its applications[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(4):716-723 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/tryhj201504025
[13]	BRASSARD P, GODBOUT S, RAGHAVAN V. Soil biochar amendment as a climate change mitigation tool:Key parameters and mechanisms involved[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 181:484-497 http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/27420171
[14]	CLOUGH T J, CONDRON L M, KAMMANN C, et al. A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics[J]. Agronomy, 2013, 3(2):275-293 doi: 10.3390/agronomy3020275
[15]	LEHMANN J, RILLIG M C, THIES J, et al. Biochar effects on soil biota-A review[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43(9):1812-1836 doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022
[16]	JEFFERY S, VERHEIJEN F G A, VAN DER VELDE M, et al. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 144(1):175-187 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=0e342c36216bb0d322bfe4cb872cd30c
[17]	BIEDERMAN L A, HARPOLE W S. Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling:A meta-analysis[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2013, 5(2):202-214 http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20133092619.html
[18]	LEHMANN J, GAUNT J, RONDON M. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems-A review[J]. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2006, 11(2):403-427 doi: 10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5
[19]	刘杰云, 沈健林, 邱虎森, 等.生物质炭添加对农田温室气体净排放的影响综述[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(2):205-212 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyhjbh201502001 LIU J Y, SHEN J L, QIU H S, et al. Effects of biochar amendments on net emissions of greenhouse gases from croplands:A review[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(2):205-212 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyhjbh201502001
[20]	赵建坤, 李江舟, 杜章留, 等.施用生物炭对土壤物理性质影响的研究进展[J].气象与环境学报, 2016, 32(3):95-101 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.03.014 ZHAO J K, LI J Z, DU Z L, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil physical properties:A review[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2016, 32(3):95-101 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2016.03.014
[21]	BLANCO-CANQUI H. Biochar and soil physical properties[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2017, 81(4):687-711 doi: 10.2136/sssaj2017.01.0017
[22]	MA N N, ZHANG L L, ZHANG Y L, et al. Biochar improves soil aggregate stability and water availability in a mollisol after three years of field application[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(5):e0154091 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154091
[23]	BURRELL L D, ZEHETNER F, RAMPAZZO N, et al. Long-term effects of biochar on soil physical properties[J]. Geoderma, 2016, 282:96-102 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.07.019
[24]	HERATH H M S K, CAMPS-ARBESTAIN M, HEDLEY M. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils:An Alfisol and an Andisol[J]. Geoderma, 2013, 209/210:188-197 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.06.016
[25]	ALBURQUERQUE J A, CALERO J M, BARRóN V, et al. Effects of biochars produced from different feedstocks on soil properties and sunflower growth[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2014, 177(1):16-25 doi: 10.1002/jpln.v177.1
[26]	VAN ZWIETEN L, KIMBER S, MORRIS S, et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J]. Plant and Soil, 2010, 327(1/2):235-246 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=bd45581500636317aeabc54232a95e0e
[27]	FLETCHER A J, SMITH M A, HEINEMEYER A, et al. Production factors controlling the physical characteristics of biochar derived from phytoremediation willow for agricultural applications[J]. BioEnergy Research, 2014, 7(1):371-380 doi: 10.1007/s12155-013-9380-x
[28]	张文玲, 李桂花, 高卫东.生物质炭对土壤性状和作物产量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2009, 25(17):153-157 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnxtb200917032 ZHANG W L, LI G H, GAO W D. Effect of biomass charcoal on soil character and crop yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(17):153-157 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnxtb200917032
[29]	BATEY T. Soil compaction and soil management-A review[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2009, 25(4):335-345 doi: 10.1111/sum.2009.25.issue-4
[30]	NAWAZ M F, BOURRIé G, TROLARD F. Soil compaction impact and modelling. A review[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2013, 33(2):291-309 doi: 10.1007/s13593-011-0071-8
[31]	QIU M Y, SUN K, JIN J, et al. Metal/metalloid elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in various biochars:The effect of feedstock, temperature, minerals, and properties[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 206:298-305 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.026
[32]	SUBEDI R, TAUPE N, PELISSETTI S, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties following amendment with manure-derived biochars:Influence of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 166:73-83 doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.007
[33]	SULIMAN W, HARSH J B, ABU-LAIL N I, et al. The role of biochar porosity and surface functionality in augmenting hydrologic properties of a sandy soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 574:139-147 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.025
[34]	韩召强, 陈效民, 曲成闯, 等.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(6):272-278 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqsystbcxb201706042 HAN Z Q, CHEN X M, QU C C, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and cucumber yield[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 31(6):272-278 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqsystbcxb201706042
[35]	OMONDI M O, XIA X, NAHAYO A, et al. Quantification of biochar effects on soil hydrological properties using meta-analysis of literature data[J]. Geoderma, 2016, 274:28-34 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.029
[36]	GITHINJI L. Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam[J]. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2014, 60(4):457-470 doi: 10.1080/03650340.2013.821698
[37]	MUKHERJEE A, LAL R, ZIMMERMAN A R. Effects of biochar and other amendments on the physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions of an artificially degraded soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 487:26-36 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.141
[38]	LAIRD D A, FLEMING P, DAVIS D D, et al. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 158(3/4):443-449 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ea67c9f0c369ced340695191502d209d
[39]	HARDIE M, CLOTHIER B, BOUND S, et al. Does biochar influence soil physical properties and soil water availability?[J]. Plant and Soil, 2014, 376(1/2):347-361 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/NSTL_QKJJ0232308334/
[40]	LEI O Y, ZHANG R D. Effects of biochars derived from different feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures on soil physical and hydraulic properties[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2013, 13(9):1561-1572 doi: 10.1007/s11368-013-0738-7
[41]	G??B T, PALMOWSKA J, ZALESKI T, et al. Effect of biochar application on soil hydrological properties and physical quality of sandy soil[J]. Geoderma, 2016, 281:11-20 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.06.028
[42]	MADARI B E, SILVA M A S, CARVALHO M T M, et al. Properties of a sandy clay loam Haplic Ferralsol and soybean grain yield in a five-year field trial as affected by biochar amendment[J]. Geoderma, 2017, 305:100-112 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.029
[43]	NELISSEN V, RUYSSCHAERT G, MANKA'ABUSI D, et al. Impact of a woody biochar on properties of a sandy loam soil and spring barley during a two-year field experiment[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2015, 62:65-78 doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2014.09.006
[44]	何玉亭, 王昌全, 沈杰, 等.两种生物质炭对红壤团聚体结构稳定性和微生物群落的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2016, 49(12):2333-2342 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.12.009 HE Y T, WANG C Q, SHEN J, et al. Effects of two biochars on red soil aggregate stability and microbial community[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(12):2333-2342 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.12.009
[45]	DONG X L, GUAN T Y, LI G T, et al. Long-term effects of biochar amount on the content and composition of organic matter in soil aggregates under field conditions[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016, 16(5):1481-1497 doi: 10.1007/s11368-015-1338-5
[46]	LIU Z X, CHEN X M, JING Y, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on rapeseed and sweet potato yields and water stable aggregate in upland red soil[J]. CATENA, 2014, 123:45-51 doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2014.07.005
[47]	SUN F F, LU S G. Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore-space properties of clayey soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2014, 177(1):26-33 doi: 10.1002/jpln.v177.1
[48]	PENG X, ZHU Q H, XIE Z B, et al. The impact of manure, straw and biochar amendments on aggregation and erosion in a hillslope Ultisol[J]. CATENA, 2016, 138:30-37 doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.11.008
[49]	LI Q X, JIN Z W, CHEN X M, et al. Effects of biochar on aggregate characteristics of upland red soil in subtropical China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2017, 76(10):372 doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6703-9
[50]	TISDALL J M, OADES J M. Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils[J]. Journal of Soil Science, 1982, 33(2):141-163 doi: 10.1111/ejs.1982.33.issue-2
[51]	ZORNOZA R, ACOSTA J A, FAZ A, et al. Microbial growth and community structure in acid mine soils after addition of different amendments for soil reclamation[J]. Geoderma, 2016, 272:64-72 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.007
[52]	LIANG B, LEHMANN J, SOLOMON D, et al. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006, 70(5):1719-1730 doi: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0383
[53]	JIEN S H, WANG C S. Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil[J]. CATENA, 2013, 110:225-233 doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.021
[54]	ENDERS A, HANLEY K, WHITMAN T, et al. Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 114:644-653 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.022
[55]	KWON S, PIGNATELLO J J. Effect of natural organic substances on the surface and adsorptive properties of environmental black carbon (char):Pseudo pore blockage by model lipid components and its implications for N2-probed surface properties of natural sorbents[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(20):7932-7939 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16295858
[56]	LUO Y, DURENKAMP M, DE NOBILI M, et al. Microbial biomass growth, following incorporation of biochars produced at 350℃ or 700℃, in a silty-clay loam soil of high and low pH[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 57:513-523 doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.033
[57]	LUO Y, LIN Q M, DURENKAMP M, et al. Soil priming effects following substrates addition to biochar-treated soils after 431 days of pre-incubation[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2017, 53(3):315-326 doi: 10.1007/s00374-017-1180-6
[58]	BOSSUYT H, DENEF K, SIX J, et al. Influence of microbial populations and residue quality on aggregate stability[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 16(3):195-208 doi: 10.1016/S0929-1393(00)00116-5
[59]	LIU Y X, LU H H, YANG S M, et al. Impacts of biochar addition on rice yield and soil properties in a cold waterlogged paddy for two crop seasons[J]. Field Crops Research, 2016, 191:161-167 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.03.003
[60]	OJEDA G, MATTANA S, àVILA A, et al. Are soil-water functions affected by biochar application?[J]. Geoderma, 2015, 249/250:1-11 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.02.014
[61]	NOVAK J, SIGUA G, WATTS D, et al. Biochars impact on water infiltration and water quality through a compacted subsoil layer[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 142:160-167 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.038
[62]	李帅霖, 王霞, 王朔, 等.生物炭施用方式及用量对土壤水分入渗与蒸发的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(14):135-144 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.14.019 LI S L, WANG X, WANG S, et al. Effects of application patterns and amount of biochar on water infiltration and evaporation[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016, 32(14):135-144 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.14.019
[63]	许健, 牛文全, 张明智, 等.生物炭对土壤水分蒸发的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(11):3505-3513 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb201516018 XU J, NIU W Q, ZHANG M Z, et al. Effect of biochar addition on soil evaporation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(11):3505-3513 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nygcxb201516018
[64]	齐瑞鹏, 张磊, 颜永毫, 等.定容重条件下生物炭对半干旱区土壤水分入渗特征的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2014, 25(8):2281-2288 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yystxb201408018 QI R P, ZHANG L, YAN Y H, et al. Effects of biochar addition into soils in semiarid land on water infiltration under the condition of the same bulk density[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(8):2281-2288 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yystxb201408018
[65]	BARNES R T, GALLAGHER M E, MASIELLO C A, et al. Biochar-induced changes in soil hydraulic conductivity and dissolved nutrient fluxes constrained by laboratory experiments[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(9):e108340 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108340
[66]	LEHMANN J, JOSEPH S. Biochar for environmental management: An introduction[M]//LEHMANN J, JOSEPH S. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. London: Earthscan, 2009: 15801-15811
[67]	KARHU K, MATTILA T, BERGSTR?M I, et al. Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity-Results from a short-term pilot field study[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 140(1/2):309-313 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=99f352efd88c025875028d78e642814f
[68]	LU S G, SUN F F, ZONG Y T. Effect of rice husk biochar and coal fly ash on some physical properties of expansive clayey soil (Vertisol)[J]. CATENA, 2014, 114:37-44 doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2013.10.014
[69]	MAJOR J, LEHMANN J, RONDON M, et al. Fate of soil-applied black carbon:Downward migration, leaching and soil respiration[J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(4):1366-1379 http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20103108550.html
[70]	UZOMA K C, INOUE M, ANDRY H, et al. Influence of biochar application on sandy soil hydraulic properties and nutrient retention[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2011, 9(2/4):1137-1143 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=3fbc1c9bce12af1befefbdd81f75f157
[71]	BUSSCHER W J, NOVAK J M, EVANS D E, et al. Influence of pecan biochar on physical properties of a Norfolk loamy sand[J]. Soil Science, 2010, 175(1):10-14 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=WK_LWW2017052520630635
[72]	PEAKE L R, REID B J, TANG X Y. Quantifying the influence of biochar on the physical and hydrological properties of dissimilar soils[J]. Geoderma, 2014, 235/236:182-190 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.002
[73]	赵西宁, 吴发启.土壤水分入渗的研究进展和评述[J].西北林学院学报, 2004, 19(1):42-45 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2004.01.011 ZHAO X N, WU F Q. Developments and reviews of soil infiltration research[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2004, 19(1):42-45 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2004.01.011
[74]	赵春雷, 邵明安, 贾小旭.黄土高原北部坡面尺度土壤饱和导水率分布与模拟[J].水科学进展, 2014, 25(6):806-815 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/skxjz201406005 ZHAO C L, SHAO M A, JIA X X. Distribution and simulation of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity at a slope of northern Loess Plateau[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(6):806-815 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/skxjz201406005
[75]	ZHANG J, CHEN Q, YOU C F. Biochar effect on water evaporation and hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil[J]. Pedosphere, 2016, 26(2):265-272 doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60041-8
[76]	TIAN D, QU Z Y, GOU M M, et al. Experimental study of influence of biochar on different texture soil hydraulic characteristic parameters and moisture holding properties[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2015, 24(3):1435-1442 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=5c5b9ed8f4e8cfde9675a19e2e797434
[77]	KINNEY T J, MASIELLO C A, DUGAN B, et al. Hydrologic properties of biochars produced at different temperatures[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012, 41:34-43 doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.033
[78]	BROCKHOFF S R, CHRISTIANS N E, KILLORN R J, et al. Physical and mineral-nutrition properties of sand-based turfgrass root zones amended with biochar[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2010, 102(6):1627-1631 doi: 10.2134/agronj2010.0188
[79]	ABU-HAMDEH N H, REEDER R C. Soil thermal conductivity effects of density, moisture, salt concentration, and organic matter[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000, 64(4):1285-1290 doi: 10.2136/sssaj2000.6441285x
[80]	ZHANG Q Z, WANG Y D, WU Y F, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on soil thermal conductivity, reflectance, and temperature[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2013, 77(5):1478-1487 doi: 10.2136/sssaj2012.0180
[81]	刘志鹏, 徐杰男, 佘冬立, 等.添加生物质炭对壤土热性质影响机理研究[J].土壤学报, 2018, 55(4):933-944 LIU Z P, XU J N, SHE D L, et al. Effects of biochar addition on thermal properties of loamy soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2018, 55(4):933-944
[82]	USOWICZ B, LIPIEC J, ?UKOWSKI M, et al. The effect of biochar application on thermal properties and albedo of loess soil under grassland and fallow[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016, 164:45-51 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2016.03.009