刘小刚1,,,
刘艳伟1,
董木宏道2,
杨启良1,
隋龙1
1.昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院 昆明 650500
2.昆明皓川工程咨询有限公司 昆明 650051
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目51769010
国家自然科学基金项目51469010
国家自然科学基金项目51109102
云南省应用基础研究项目2014FB130
大学生创新创业训练计划项目201710674039
详细信息
作者简介:李义林, 主要从事节水灌溉新技术研究。E-mail:liyilin3194@126.com
通讯作者:刘小刚, 主要从事节水灌溉新技术与水土资源高效利用研究。E-mail:liuxiaogangjy@126.com
中图分类号:S275.9计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-05-26
录用日期:2018-08-29
刊出日期:2019-01-01
Increase of fertilizer solution concentration and biomass mixing proportion can enhance water and nutrients distribution in wetted soils under moistube irrigation
LI Yilin1,,LIU Xiaogang1,,,
LIU Yanwei1,
DONGMU Hongdao2,
YANG Qiliang1,
SUI Long1
1. Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2. Kunming Haochuan Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China51769010
the National Natural Science Foundation of China51469010
the National Natural Science Foundation of China51109102
the Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province2014FB130
the Innovative Training Program for College Students201710674039
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Corresponding author:LIU Xiaogang, E-mail:liuxiaogangjy@126.com
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摘要
摘要:微润灌溉作为一种新型地下连续灌溉节水技术，可为农业水肥一体化提供有效载体。为探明不同生物质掺混比例下竖插式微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水分和养分的分布规律，开展室内入渗试验，设置3个肥液浓度（清水F0：0 g·L-1；低浓度FL：0.2 g·L-1；高浓度FH：0.4 g·L-1）和4个土壤生物质（花生壳粉末）掺混比例（无掺混B0：0；低掺混BL：1.5%；中掺混BM：3.0%；高掺混BH：4.5%），研究微润灌溉施肥湿润体内土壤含水率、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾的分布特性。结果表明：掺混生物质后湿润体内水肥分布范围显著增大，而肥液浓度对水肥分布范围的影响不显著。土壤水肥含量随着与微润管水平距离的增加而逐渐减小，水肥含量最大值出现在微润管周围。在与微润管水平距离为0~10 cm范围内，土壤含水率和硝态氮分布较均匀，速效磷和速效钾则形成累积区。肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例对湿润体内水肥含量均值影响显著。与F0相比，增加肥液浓度提高土壤含水率和养分（硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾）含量均值3.94%~14.09%和124.92%~458.05%；与B0相比，增大生物质掺混比例提高土壤含水率和养分含量均值12.89%~33.32%和28.37%~115.44%。微润灌溉施肥湿润体内土壤含水率和硝态氮的分布均匀性较高，而速效磷和速效钾分布均匀性较低。增大肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例可提高湿润体内土壤含水率和硝态氮的分布均匀系数，而降低速效磷和速效钾的分布均匀系数。微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水肥含量均值与至微润管水平距离的关系符合四参数Log-logistic模型。总之，在土壤中掺混生物质有利于微润灌溉施肥下水分和养分的运移，增加肥液浓度和土壤生物质掺混比例可显著提高湿润体内的水肥含量，增大水分和硝态氮的分布均匀性，促使速效磷和速效钾在微润管周围的累积量增多。研究结果可为微润灌溉水肥一体化技术提供理论依据和实践参考。
关键词:微润灌溉施肥/
肥液浓度/
生物质掺混/
水肥分布/
均匀系数
Abstract:Moistube irrigation is a new water-saving technology for continuous underground irrigation that can provide an effective carrier for agricultural fertigation technology. In order to investigate the mode of distribution of water and nutrients in wetted soils in moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode under different proportions of biomass mixture of soil, a series of indoor soil box infiltration simulation experiments were carried out using peanut shell power as mixed biomass. In the experiments, three fertilizer solution concentrations (F0:pure water at 0 g·L-1; FL:low concentration at 0.2 g·L-1; and FH:high concentration at 0.4 g·L-1) and four proportions of biomass mixture (B0:no mixing at 0; BL:low mixing at 1.5%; BM:moderate mixing at 3.0%; and BH:high mixing at 4.5%) were designed to study the distribution characteristics of soil water content, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. The results showed that the distribution areas of water and nutrients significantly expended after biomass mixture, but fertilizer solution concentration had no significant effect on the distribution areas of water and nutrients. Water and nutrients contents gradually decreased with increasing horizontal distance from moistube in wetted soils and the maximum water and nutrients contents occurred just next to the moistube. The distribution of soil water and nitrate nitrogen were more uniform, while available phosphorus and available potassium formed accumulation area within 0-10 cm in the horizontal distance from the moistube. Fertilizer solution concentration and mixing proportion of biomass significantly influenced the mean contents of water and nutrients in the wetted soils. Compared with F0, mean soil water content and soil nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) contents increased with increasing fertilizer solution concentration respectively by 3.94%-14.09% and 124.92%-458.05%. Mean soil water content and soil nutrients contents increased with increasing proportion of biomass mixture respectively by 12.89%-33.32% and 28.37%-115.44%, compared with those of B0. The distribution uniformity of soil water and nitrate nitrogen was higher, but that of available phosphorus and available potassium was lower in the wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. The distribution uniformity coefficient of soil water and nitrate nitrogen increased with increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass mixing proportion, while that of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased in the wetted soils. The relationship between mean soil water and nutrients and horizontal distance from the moistube conformed to the fourth log-Logistic model in the wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. In summary, mixing biomass with soil was improved water and nutrients movement in the wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. Also increasing the concentration of fertilizer solution and proportion of soil biomass mixture significantly increased soil water and nutrients contents. This in turn increased the uniformity of soil water and nitrate nitrogen, and promoted the accumulation of available phosphorus and available potassium around moistube. The research results provided solid theoretical basis and practical reference for moistube fertigation technology.
Key words:Moistube fertigation/
Fertilizer solution concentration/
Biomass mixture of soil/
Water and nutrients distribution/
Uniformity coefficient
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图1试验装置示意图
Figure1.Schematic diagram of the experimental device
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2取样点分布示意图
Figure2.Sample point distribution diagram
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3不同肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例下微润灌溉湿润体内土壤含水率分布
F0:清水对照(0 g·L-1); FL:低浓度(0.2 g·L-1)肥液处理; FH:高浓度(0.4 g·L-1)肥液处理。B0:无掺混生物质(0); BL:低掺混生物质比例(1.5%); BM:中掺混生物质比例(3.0%); BH:高掺混生物质比例(4.5%)。
Figure3.Water distribution in wetted soil under moistube irrigation with different fertilizer concentrations and biomass mixing proportions
F0: pure water (0 g·L-1); FL: low fertilizer concentration (0.2 g·L-1); FH: high fertilizer concentration (0.4 g·L-1). B0: no mixing biomass (0); BL: low mixing proportion of biomass (1.5%); BM: moderate mixing proportion of biomass (3.0%); BH: high mixing proportion of biomass (4.5%).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4不同肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例下微润灌溉湿润体内硝态氮分布
FL:低浓度(0.2 g·L-1)肥液处理; FH:高浓度(0.4 g·L-1)肥液处理。B0:无掺混生物质(0); BL:低掺混生物质比例(1.5%); BM:中掺混生物质比例(3.0%); BH:高掺混生物质比例(4.5%)。
Figure4.Nitrate nitrogen distribution in wetted soil under moistube irrigation with different fertilizer concentrations and biomass mixing proportions
FL: low fertilizer concentration (0.2 g·L-1); FH: high fertilizer concentration (0.4 g·L-1). B0: no mixing biomass (0); BL: low mixing proportion of biomass (1.5%); BM: moderate mixing proportion of biomass (3.0%); BH: high mixing proportion of biomass (4.5%).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5不同肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例下微润灌溉湿润体内速效磷分布
FL:低浓度(0.2 g·L-1)肥液处理; FH:高浓度(0.4 g·L-1)肥液处理。B0:无掺混生物质(0); BL:低掺混生物质比例(1.5%); BM:中掺混生物质比例(3.0%); BH:高掺混生物质比例(4.5%)。
Figure5.Available phosphorus distribution in wetted soil under moistube irrigation with different fertilizer concentrations and biomass mixing proportions
FL: low fertilizer concentration (0.2 g·L-1); FH: high fertilizer concentration (0.4 g·L-1). B0: no mixing biomass (0); BL: low mixing proportion of biomass (1.5%); BM: moderate mixing proportion of biomass (3.0%); BH: high mixing proportion of biomass (4.5%).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图6不同肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例下微润灌溉湿润体内速效钾分布
FL:低浓度(0.2 g·L-1)肥液处理; FH:高浓度(0.4 g·L-1)肥液处理。B0:无掺混生物质(0); BL:低掺混生物质比例(1.5%); BM:中掺混生物质比例(3.0%); BH:高掺混生物质比例(4.5%)。
Figure6.Available potassium distribution in wetted soil under moistube irrigation with different fertilizer solution concentrations and biomass mixing proportions
FL: low fertilizer concentration (0.2 g·L-1); FH: high fertilizer concentration (0.4 g·L-1). B0: no mixing biomass (0); BL: low mixing proportion of biomass (1.5%); BM: moderate mixing proportion of biomass (3.0%); BH: high mixing proportion of biomass (4.5%).
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图7微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水肥含量均值拟合值与实测值的关系
Figure7.Relationship between fitted values and measured values of mean contents of water and fertilizer in wetted soil of moistube fertigation
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1入渗结束时各处理的累积入渗量
Table1.Cumulative infiltration of different treatments at the end of infiltration
| L | |||||||||||
| F0B0 | F0BL | F0BM | F0BH | FLB0 | FLBL | FLBM | FLBH | FHB0 | FHBL | FHBM | FHBH |
| 2.58 | 2.75 | 3.19 | 3.47 | 2.65 | 3.08 | 3.35 | 3.78 | 2.85 | 3.25 | 3.57 | 4.18 |
| F0:清水对照(0 g·L-1); FL:低浓度(0.2 g·L-1)肥液处理; FH:高浓度(0.4 g·L-1)肥液处理。B0:无掺混生物质(0); BL:低掺混生物质比例(1.5%); BM:中掺混生物质比例(3.0%); BH:高掺混生物质比例(4.5%)。F0: pure water (0 g·L-1); FL: low fertilizer concentration (0.2 g·L-1); FH: high fertilizer concentration (0.4 g·L-1). B0: no mixing biomass (0); BL: low mixing proportion of biomass (1.5%); BM: moderate mixing proportion of biomass (3.0%); BH: high mixing proportion of biomass (4.5%). | |||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水肥含量均值及分布均匀系数
Table2.Means and uniformity coefficients of water and fertilizer contents in wetted soil of moistube fertigation
| 处理Treatment | 土壤含水率均值Mean soil water content (%) | 养分含量均值Mean nutrient content (mg·kg-1) | 均匀系数Uniformity coefficient (%) | ||||||
| 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen | 速效磷Available phosphorus | 速效钾Available potassium | 土壤含水率Soil water content | 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen | 速效磷Available phosphorus | 速效钾Available phosphorus | |||
| F0 B0 | 24.43±1.90g | 25.73±2.78g | 5.16±0.54fg | 35.58±2.31g | 74.16±2.17d | 91.93±3.18a | 90.84±4.01a | 91.00±4.50a | |
| F0 BL | 27.56±1.31ef | 24.74±1.53g | 4.35±0.38g | 34.48±4.35g | 78.08±2.07cd | 91.23±3.14a | 92.62±4.00a | 89.85±5.76a | |
| F0 BM | 29.37±1.60de | 26.10±4.02g | 4.45±0.52g | 38.99±3.13g | 80.60±1.43bc | 93.18±3.13a | 90.87±3.33a | 89.28±3.29a | |
| F0 BH | 32.46±0.92bc | 29.86±2.48g | 5.08±0.79fg | 35.20±3.40g | 82.81±1.75abc | 88.99±2.01ab | 87.75±2.38a | 91.40±3.84a | |
| FL B0 | 25.17±0.80fg | 46.25±2.99f | 8.76±1.66ef | 95.44±9.88f | 77.29±3.13cd | 65.89±3.14g | 68.27±1.11b | 63.55±5.02b | |
| FL BL | 28.02±1.60e | 53.67±3.59e | 11.46±2.22de | 124.96±9.85e | 80.23±4.04bc | 70.28±1.58fg | 63.93±3.66bc | 54.48±4.14cd | |
| FL BM | 30.71±1.54cd | 65.51±3.27d | 15.30±2.81cd | 151.73±11.52d | 82.60±2.77abc | 77.64±2.41de | 59.71±3.06cd | 47.99±4.90def | |
| FL BH | 34.41±2.09ab | 73.16±2.87c | 18.74±3.79bc | 193.78±6.96c | 83.43±4.13abc | 81.76±4.48cd | 54.53±2.05d | 43.17±2.48f | |
| FH B0 | 27.66±0.72ef | 67.24±2.58d | 13.06±2.88d | 149.48±14.30d | 79.32±2.73bcd | 67.88±4.15g | 64.05±4.26bc | 60.05±3.96bc | |
| FH BL | 31.63±1.76cd | 76.09±3.87c | 18.87±2.72bc | 189.44±13.93c | 81.52±5.07abc | 74.93±2.88ef | 58.42±2.79cd | 51.54±3.65de | |
| FH BM | 34.46±0.77ab | 81.68±3.06b | 22.66±3.24b | 214.01±10.50b | 84.41±4.97ab | 80.66±1.38cd | 54.71±3.90d | 45.25±2.58ef | |
| FH BH | 36.12±1.26a | 91.24±2.99a | 28.27±2.49a | 252.05±9.68a | 86.82±1.63a | 84.08±2.16bc | 48.07±3.21e | 40.69±5.96f | |
| F0:清水对照(0 g·L-1); FL:低浓度(0.2 g·L-1)肥液处理; FH:高浓度(0.4 g·L-1)肥液处理。B0:无掺混生物质(0); BL:低掺混生物质比例(1.5%); BM:中掺混生物质比例(3.0%); BH:高掺混生物质比例(4.5%)。同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。F0: pure water (0 g·L-1); FL: low fertilizer concentration (0.2 g·L-1); FH: high fertilizer concentration (0.4 g·L-1). B0: no mixing biomass (0); BL: low mixing proportion of biomass (1.5%); BM: moderate mixing proportion of biomass (3.0%); BH: high mixing proportion of biomass (4.5%). Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences at 0.05 level. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例下微润灌溉湿润体内水肥含量拟合方程
Table3.Fitted equations of water and fertilizer contents in wetted soil under moistube irrigation with different fertilizer concentrations and biomass mixing proportions
| 项目 Item | 拟合方程 Fitted equation | 决定系数R2 Determination coefficient |
| 土壤含水率 Soil water content | $C = 3.099\;7 + \frac{{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\left( {10.297\;3F + 1.621\;6B + 28.550\;1 - 3.099\;7} \right)\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}}{{1 + {{10}^{\left( {0.191\;4 - 0.058\;0F - 0.010\;0B} \right)\left[ {l - \left( {1.072\;3F + 0.366\;7B + 13.591\;6} \right)} \right]}}}}$ | 0.997 9 |
| 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen | $C = 19.952\;4 + \frac{{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\left( {97.710\;6F + 5.360\;6B + 37.906\;7} \right)- 19.952\;4\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; }}{{1 + {{10}^{\left( {0.272\;8 - 0.235\;4F - 0.012\;2B} \right)\left[ {l - \left( {5.777\;4F + 0.433\;2B + 9.590\;9} \right)} \right]}}}} $ | 0.996 3 |
| 速效磷 Available phosphorus | $C = 4.334\;1 + \frac{{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\left( {69.077\;5F + 4.065\;6B - 1.0414} \right) - 4.334\;1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}}{{1 + {{10}^{\left( {0.260\;5 - 0.010\;61F - 0.017\;0B} \right)\left[ {l - \left( {1.122\;1F + 0.490\;8B + 5.521\;7} \right)} \right]}}}} $ | 0.995 4 |
| 速效钾 Available potassium | $ C = 37.809\;7 + \frac{{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\left( {485.145\;7F + 36.966\;3B + 55.608\;9} \right)- 37.809\;7\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; }}{{1 + {{10}^{\left( {0.235\;0 - 0.084\;4F - 0.007\;7B} \right)\left[ {l - \left( {3.085\;5F + 0.197\;5B + 5.606\;7} \right)} \right]}}}}$ | 0.999 0 |
| F:肥液浓度(g·L-1); B:生物质掺混比例(%)。F: fertilizer concentration (g·L-1); B: biomass mixing proportion (%). | ||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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