邱慧珍,
张春红,
海龙
甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室 兰州 730070
基金项目: 公益性行业（农业）科研专项项目201103004
甘肃省青年基金项目145RJYA283
甘肃省科技支撑计划项目1011NKCA070
甘肃省科技重大专项1102NKDA025
国家科技支撑计划项目2012BAD06B03
详细信息
作者简介:张文明, 主要从事植物营养与营养生态的研究。E-mail: zhangwm@gsau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S532;S181计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-01-17
录用日期:2018-04-13
刊出日期:2018-12-01
Identification of chemicals in potato root exudates under different years of continuous cropping and their biologic effects
ZHANG Wenming,,QIU Huizhen,
ZHANG Chunhong,
HAI Long
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
Funds: the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China201103004
the Youth Fund of Gansu Province145RJYA283
the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Gansu Province1011NKCA070
the Key Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province1102NKDA025
the National Key Technology R&D Program of China2012BAD06B03
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Corresponding author:ZHANG Wenming, E-mail: zhangwm@gsau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:为探讨马铃薯连作障碍的可能机理，在大田条件下，收集连作1~5 a（CP1-CP5）马铃薯植株的根系分泌物，采用GC-MS对根系分泌物的主要成分进行了鉴定，并通过生物检测验证了根系分泌物的生物效应。结果表明：CP1-CP5鉴定出的物质主要有酸类、糖类、胺类、醇类、酯类和嘧啶类，但各类物质的数量和含量不同。CP1-CP5中均鉴定出棕榈酸，相对含量分别为0.55%、0.87%、1.24%、1.05%和0.95%，浓度分别为7.12 mg·L-1、7.39 mg·L-1、9.46 mg·L-1、8.38 mg·L-1和8.02 mg·L-1。马铃薯根系分泌物显著抑制了马铃薯的生长，抑制作用随连作年限延长而增强。棕榈酸对马铃薯生长的抑制表现出明显的浓度效应，随浓度升高而增强。马铃薯根系分泌物明显促进了立枯丝核菌的生长，菌落直径和菌丝鲜质量表现为CP3最高，CP1最低，CP2、CP4和CP5之间没有显著差异。棕榈酸明显促进了立枯丝核菌的生长，随着棕榈酸浓度的增加，菌落直径和菌丝鲜质量先增加再减小，10 mg·L-1棕榈酸的菌落直径和菌丝鲜质量最大。由此说明，随马铃薯连作年限延长，根系分泌物的毒性越强；马铃薯根系分泌物对立枯丝核菌的促进作用加剧了马铃薯的连作障碍，棕榈酸是马铃薯根系分泌的化感自毒物质。
关键词:马铃薯/
连作年限/
根系分泌物/
成分鉴定/
棕榈酸/
立枯丝核菌
Abstract:In order to explore possible obstruction mechanisms in continuous potato cropping systems, potato root exudates were collected in 1-5 years (CP1-CP5) continuous cropping systems of potato under field conditions. Chemical composition of root exudates was determined by the GC-MS method and biological effects of the exudates were detected by biological monitoring. The results showed that the main components of potato root exudates in CP1-CP5 treatments included organic acids, glucides, amines, alcohols, esters and pyrimidines, although the chemicals occurred in different quantities and contents. Palmitic acid occurred in all the CP1-CP5 systems, with relative contents of 0.55%, 0.87%, 1.24%, 1.05% and 0.95%, and concentrations of 7.12 mg·L-1, 7.39 mg·L-1, 9.46 mg·L-1, 8.38 mg·L-1 and 8.02 mg·L-1, respectively. Biological analyses showed that potato root exudates significantly inhibited potato growth, with inhibition expression of CP5 > CP4 > CP3 > CP2 > CP1. The inhibition of potato growth by palmitic acid had obvious concentration effects, with inhibition expression of 100 mg·L-1 > 50 mg·L-1 > 10 mg·L-1 > 5 mg·L-1. Potato root exudates obviously promoted the growth of Rhizoctonia solani. The colony diameter and mycelia fresh weight of R. solani were highest in CP3 and lowest in CP1. No significant differences were observed between CP2, CP4 and CP5. Palmitic acid promoted the growth of R. solani. The colony diameter and mycelia fresh weight of R. solani increased firstly and then later decreased along with increasing concentration of palmitic acid. Colony diameter and mycelia fresh weight of R. solani were highest at 10 mg·L-1. The study showed that potato root exudates significantly inhibited potato growth, and the inhibiting effect increased with increasing number of years of continuous cropping. The promotion of potato root exudates to R. solani growth exacerbated the obstacles of continuous cropping. Palmitic acid is the allelochemicals secreted by potato roots.
Key words:Potato/
Continuous cropping years/
Root exudate/
Chemical composition identification/
Palmitic acid/
Rhizoctonia solani
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图1不同连作年限马铃薯根系分泌物总离子质谱图
CP1、CP2、CP3、CP4、CP5分别代表连作1~5 a的马铃薯根系分泌物。CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4 and CP5 indicate root exudates of potato continuously cropped for 1 to 5 years, respectively.
Figure1.GC-MS total ion mass chromatograms in root exudates of continuous cropping potato years
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1不同连作年限马铃薯根系分泌物的物质成分
Table1.Components in root exudates of potato continuously cropped for different years
| 物质种类 Sort of compound | 保留时间 Retention time (min) | 化合物 Compound | 相对丰度Relative amount (%) | ||||
| CP1 | CP2 | CP3 | CP4 | CP5 | |||
| 糖类 Glucide | 21.09 | L-甘露糖L-Mannose | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | — | 0.06 |
| 21.67 | 果胶糖Arabinose | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.14 | |
| 22.56 | D-木糖D-Xylose | 0.05 | — | 0.05 | — | — | |
| 23.39 | á-D-吡喃木糖á-D-Xylopyranose | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.10 | — | |
| 23.76 | D-果糖D-Fructose | 15.22 | 4.40 | 15.16 | 11.03 | 0.23 | |
| 24.29 | L-山梨糖L-Sorbopyranose | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.30 | |
| 24.45 | L-阿卓糖L-Altrose | 1.89 | 0.70 | 1.88 | 1.41 | 1.20 | |
| 25.60 | à-D-吡喃葡萄糖à-D-Glucopyranose | 0.27 | 13.20 | 0.65 | 20.10 | 19.89 | |
| 27.31 | 太洛糖Talose | 28.49 | 18.51 | 28.30 | 22.19 | 22.67 | |
| 28.50 | D-呋喃核糖D-Ribofuranose | 0.90 | 0.45 | 0.90 | 0.57 | 0.51 | |
| 32.54 | 蜜二糖Melibiose | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.18 | — | 0.06 | |
| 46.02 | à-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷à-D-Glucopyranoside | 38.11 | 52.46 | 36.67 | 31.01 | 38.34 | |
| 49.66 | D-松二糖D-Turanose | 0.18 | 0.77 | 0.97 | 0.37 | 0.84 | |
| 合计Total | 87.94 | 91.20 | 85.33 | 87.17 | 84.22 | ||
| 酸类 Acids | 11.84 | 丙烯酸2-Propenoic acid | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| 14.95 | 甘氨酸Glycine | 0.31 | — | 0.31 | 0.08 | 0.13 | |
| 17.19 | 2, 3二羟基丙酸2, 3-dihydroxy-Propanoic acid | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.25 | |
| 19.88 | 丁二酸Butanedioic acid | 3.26 | 1.25 | 3.24 | 0.38 | 2.60 | |
| 20.38 | 2, 3, 4-三羟基丁酸2, 3, 4-Trihydroxybutyric acid | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.07 | |
| 23.52 | 2-哌啶甲酸2-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.18 | |
| 23.89 | 2-酮基-葡萄糖酸2-Keto-d-gluconic acid | 3.21 | 2.43 | 3.19 | 3.55 | 3.58 | |
| 25.10 | 1, 11-十一烷二酸1, 11-Undecanedioic acid | 0.47 | 0.09 | 0.47 | 0.61 | 0.28 | |
| 28.13 | 半乳糖酸Galactonic acid | 0.05 | — | 0.05 | — | — | |
| 29.48 | 棕榈酸Hexadecanoic acid | 0.55 | 0.87 | 1.24 | 1.05 | 0.95 | |
| 34.35 | 11-顺-十八碳烯酸11-cis-Octadecenoic acid | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | — | 0.05 | |
| 34.52 | (Z, Z)-9, 12-十八烷二烯酸 (Z, Z)-, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.12 | |
| 34.71 | 硬脂酸Octadecanoic acid | 0.65 | 0.44 | 0.64 | 0.45 | 0.45 | |
| 43.80 | α-亚麻酸à-Linolenic acid | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.08 | |
| 合计Total | 7.79 | 6.28 | 10.43 | 7.10 | 8.83 | ||
| 胺类 Amine | 12.27 | N-乙基乙酰胺Acetamide, N-ethyl- | 0.26 | — | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.19 |
| 12.42 | N, N-二乙基甲酰胺Formamide, N, N-diethyl- | 0.62 | 0.37 | 0.61 | 0.46 | 1.32 | |
| 13.60 | N, N-二乙基乙酰胺Acetamide, N, N-diethyl- | 0.20 | — | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.13 | |
| 13.72 | N-乙基异丙胺Acetamide, N-ethyl- | 0.30 | — | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.23 | |
| 合计Total | 1.38 | 0.37 | 1.36 | 1.06 | 1.87 | ||
| 醇类 Acohol | 15.70 | 甘油Glycerol | 0.69 | 0.45 | 0.69 | 0.32 | 0.45 |
| 22.26 | 木糖醇Xylitol | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | |
| 25.98 | 葡萄糖醇Glucitol | 1.60 | 0.20 | 1.59 | 0.56 | 0.96 | |
| 26.27 | 核醣醇Ribitol | 0.18 | 1.29 | 0.18 | — | 0.16 | |
| 合计Total | 2.54 | 2.00 | 2.53 | 0.95 | 1.65 | ||
| 酯类 Ester | 17.71 | 磷酸三甲酯Trimethyl phosphate | 0.04 | — | — | — | — |
| 30.45 | 肌醇磷脂Phosphatidyl inositide | — | — | — | 3.47 | 3.13 | |
| 31.99 | 亚油酸甲酯 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.17 | |
| 合计Total | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 3.53 | 3.30 | ||
| 嘧啶类 Pyrimidines | 12.06 | 1-乙酰基, 2-甲基吖丁啶 Azetidine, 1-acetyl-2-methylacridine | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.11 |
| CP1、CP2、CP3、CP4、CP5分别代表连作1~5 a的马铃薯根系分泌物。“—”代表未检出。CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4 and CP5 indicate root exudates of potato continuously cropped for 1 to 5 years, respectively. “—” stands for not detected. | |||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同连作年限马铃薯根系分泌的棕榈酸量
Table2.Palmitic acid content in root exudates of potato continuously cropped for different years
| 处理 Treatment | 峰面积 Peak area | 浓度 Content (mg·L-1) | 分泌量 Secretion production (mg·plant-1) |
| CP1 | 8 818 397 | 7.12d | 0.12c |
| CP2 | 11 721 564 | 7.39d | 0.12c |
| CP3 | 26 201 407 | 9.46a | 0.16a |
| CP4 | 18 665 506 | 8.38b | 0.14b |
| CP5 | 16 157 436 | 8.02c | 0.13bc |
| CP1、CP2、CP3、CP4、CP5分别代表连作1~5 a的马铃薯根系分泌物。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平差异显著。CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4 and CP5 indicate root exudates of potato continuously cropped for 1 to 5 years, respectively. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同连作年限马铃薯根系分泌物原液对马铃薯幼苗生长的影响
Table3.Effects of root exudates of potato continuously cropped for different years on seedling growth of potato
| 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 地上部鲜重 Aboveground fresh weight | 地下部鲜重 Underground fresh weight | 综合化感指数 Synthetical effect (%) | |||||||
| 数值 Value (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 数值 Value (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 数值 Value (g·plant-1) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 数值 Value (g·plant-1) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | |||||
| CK | 7.78±1.42a | — | 0.22±0.02a | — | 0.73±0.30a | — | 0.61±0.21a | — | — | |||
| CP1 | 2.62±0.67b | -66.3 | 0.20±0.03a | -9.1 | 0.30±0.12b | -58.9 | 0.35±0.06b | -42.6 | -44.2 | |||
| CP2 | 2.06±0.51b | -73.5 | 0.20±0.01a | -9.1 | 0.16±0.11bc | -60.0 | 0.21±0.08c | -65.6 | -52.1 | |||
| CP3 | 1.24±0.73bc | -84.1 | 0.20±0.01a | -9.1 | 0.06±0.02c | -91.8 | 0.19±0.04c | -68.8 | -63.5 | |||
| CP4 | 1.20±0.47bc | -84.6 | 0.17±0.03b | -22.7 | 0.06±0.02c | -91.8 | 0.10±0.05c | -83.6 | -70.7 | |||
| CP5 | 0.94±0.50c | -87.9 | 0.16±0.03b | -27.3 | 0.06±0.02c | -91.8 | 0.08±0.02c | -86.9 | -73.5 | |||
| CP1、CP2、CP3、CP4、CP5分别代表连作1~5 a的马铃薯根系分泌物。“—”代表未检出。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平差异显著。CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4 and CP5 indicate root exudates of potato continuously cropped for 1 to 5 years, respectively. “—” stands for not detected. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | ||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表4不同浓度棕榈酸对马铃薯幼苗生长的影响
Table4.Effects of different contents of palmitic acid on seedling growth of potato
| 棕榈酸浓度 Palmitic acid content (mg·L-1) | 株高 Plant height | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 地上部鲜重 Aboveground fresh weight | 地下部鲜重 Underground fresh weight | 综合化感指数 Synthetical effect (%) | |||||||
| 数值 Value (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 数值 Value (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 数值 Value (g·plant-1) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 数值 Value (g·plant-1) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | |||||
| 0 | 7.78±1.41a | — | 0.22±0.02a | — | 0.73±0.30a | — | 0.61±0.21a | — | — | |||
| 5 | 2.22±0.44b | -71.5 | 0.22±0.01a | 0.0 | 0.18±0.03b | -75.3 | 0.14±0.07b | -77.1 | -56.0 | |||
| 10 | 1.22±0.32c | -84.3 | 0.19±0.01ab | -13.6 | 0.07±0.01c | -90.4 | 0.09±0.04b | -85.3 | -68.4 | |||
| 50 | 0.92±0.17c | -88.2 | 0.17±0.03b | -22.7 | 0.05±0.01c | -93.2 | 0.08±0.05b | -86.9 | -72.7 | |||
| 100 | 0.54±0.51c | -93.1 | 0.15±0.03b | -31.8 | 0.03±0.01c | -95.9 | 0.08±0.04b | -86.9 | -76.9 | |||
| 同列不同小写字母表示不同棕榈酸浓度在0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different contents of palmitic acid at 0.05 level. | ||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表5不同连作年限马铃薯根系分泌物对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的影响
Table5.Effects of root exudates of potato continuously cropped for different years on mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia solani
| 处理 Treatment | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | 菌丝鲜质量 Mycelium fresh weight (g) | |||||
| 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | ||||
| CK | 1.5±0.2b | — | 2.3±0.3c | — | 3.3±0.7c | — | 0.008 3±0.002 8d | ||
| CP1 | 1.6±0.3b | 6.3 | 2.9±0.5bc | 20.7 | 4.2±0.6bc | 21.4 | 0.013 6±0.001 1c | ||
| CP2 | 1.6±0.1b | 6.3 | 3.0±0.7bc | 23.3 | 4.8±0.3b | 31.3 | 0.022 8±0.003 6b | ||
| CP3 | 3.3±0.7a | 54.5 | 5.6±0.8a | 58.9 | 7.0±0.7a | 52.9 | 0.088 9±0.003 2a | ||
| CP4 | 1.9±0.5b | 21.1 | 3.4±0.3b | 32.4 | 4.7±0.2b | 29.8 | 0.024 4±0.005 5b | ||
| CP5 | 1.6±0.3b | 6.3 | 3.1±0.2b | 25.8 | 4.5±0.5b | 26.7 | 0.020 1±0.001 2b | ||
| CP1、CP2、CP3、CP4、CP5分别代表连作1~5 a的马铃薯根系分泌物。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理在0.05水平差异显著。CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4 and CP5 indicate root exudates of potato continuously cropped for 1 to 5 years, respectively. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表6不同浓度棕榈酸对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的影响
Table6.Effects of different contents of palmitic acid on mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia solani
| 棕榈酸浓度 Palmitic acid content (mg·L-1) | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | 菌丝鲜质量 Mycelium fresh weight (g) | |||||
| 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 化感指数 Response index (%) | ||||
| 0 | 1.1±0.2c | — | 1.9±0.3c | — | 3.0±0.2c | — | 0.009 1±0.001 6d | ||
| 5 | 1.6±0.4ab | 26.7 | 2.8±0.5b | 17.4 | 3.5±0.2ab | 14.3 | 0.019 8±0.002 4c | ||
| 10 | 1.9±0.2a | 35.3 | 3.7±0.2a | 26.9 | 5.8±0.3a | 21.1 | 0.038 8±0.004 9a | ||
| 50 | 1.8±0.3ab | 21.4 | 3.0±0.2b | 13.6 | 4.2±0.4ab | 14.3 | 0.025 5±0.002 9b | ||
| 100 | 1.5±0.1b | 8.3 | 2.9±0.3b | 5.0 | 3.9±0.2b | 9.1 | 0.021 2±0.002 3bc | ||
| 同列不同小写字母表示不同棕榈酸浓度在0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different contents of palmitic acid at 0.05 level. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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