魏守军1,
郭瑞林2,
韦京艳1,
孟俊婷1,
杨长琴3
1.中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室 安阳 455000
2.安阳工学院 安阳 455000
3.江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所 南京 210014
基金项目: 国家棉花产业技术体系项目CARS-15-25
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目CAAS-ASTIP-2019-CCRI
详细信息
作者简介:唐淑荣, 主要研究方向为棉花纤维检测技术与质量安全监控研究。E-mail:tangshurong2008@126.com
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出版历程
收稿日期:2019-02-22
录用日期:2019-04-04
刊出日期:2019-10-01
Evaluation and analysis of fiber quality characteristics of different maturity cotton varieties
TANG Shurong1,,,WEI Shoujun1,
GUO Ruilin2,
WEI Jingyan1,
MENG Junting1,
YANG Changqin3
1. Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, China
2. Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
3. Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
Funds: This study was supported by the National Cotton Industry Technology System Project of ChinaCARS-15-25
the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesCAAS-ASTIP-2019-CCRI
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Corresponding author:TANG Shurong, E-mail: tangshurong2008@126.com
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摘要
摘要:采用灰色多维综合评估方法，对2005-2014年长江流域棉区、黄河流域棉区和西北内陆棉区国家级棉花品种区域试验早熟、中熟和早中熟类型棉花品种纤维品质性状进行分析，为建立棉花优势生产区，实现棉花品种布局、生态育种和品质改良提供指导。本研究结果表明：1）达到国家审定标准高产优质（Ⅰ型）、普通优质（Ⅱ型）品种数量，中熟品种分别占其参试品种总数的0.54%和12.63%，早中熟品种为0.57%和17.14%，早熟品种为7.09%和18.44%。2）棉花品种纤维长度和比强度与理想品种性状灰色关联系数较高，其次是纺纱均匀性指数，再次为马克隆值。3）灰色关联度分析表明，黄河流域棉区中熟棉纤维品质优于长江流域棉区；西北内陆棉区早熟棉品质综合性状表现最佳，其次是黄河流域和长江流域棉区中熟棉。4）我国棉花品种中熟类型主要分布在长江流域和黄河流域，近5年西北内陆棉区中熟品种有所增加。中熟品种纤维长度分布在28.7~30.3 mm，可适纺中高档纱。黄河流域棉区中熟品种长度和比强度有所下降，比强度为29.6~31.0 cN·tex-1，属中等偏上水平。三大棉区马克隆值差异明显，长江流域棉区高于黄河流域棉区，而黄河流域棉区中熟品种又高于西北内陆棉区早中熟品种；黄河流域棉区马克隆值在2010-2014年提高幅度较大，出现马克隆值6.0现象。5）研究表明≥ 10℃有效积温是影响棉花中熟品种纤维品质最主要因素，气象因子影响纤维长度和马克隆值顺序为≥ 10℃有效积温、降雨量和日照时数；影响比强度和纺纱均匀性指数的顺序为≥ 10℃有效积温、日照时数和降雨量。棉花纤维品质的优劣与纺织品质量及植棉业的发展密切相关，精确分析我国棉花纤维品质的区域特征分布规律和开展纤维品质综合性评价，对我国棉花育种方向和产业发展具有重要意义。
关键词:棉花/
熟性类型/
纤维品质/
灰色多维综合评估/
三大棉区
Abstract:Fiber quality traits of different maturity cotton varieties were analyzed with Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive Assessment (GMCA). Data sets were collected from the cotton national regional trials from 2005 to 2014, including early-maturing, early-medium maturing, and medium maturing variety trials, in three cotton areas of China-the Northwest Inland Valley (NWIV), the Yellow River Valley (YeRV), and the Yangtze River Valley (YaRV). It is of great significance for establishing dominant cotton production areas and ascertains the distribution, ecological breeding, and quality improvement methods for all cotton varieties. Results showed that:1) there were 0.54% and 12.63% of all candidate varieties of medium maturity cotton divided into the high yield and good quality (type Ⅰ) and common quality (type Ⅱ) according to the national cotton fiber quality standards, respectively. The proportions of early-maturing cotton were 7.09% and 18.44%, and proportions of early-medium maturing cotton were 0.57% and 17.14%, respectively. 2) Fiber length and strength of the tested varieties was higher in grey correlation coefficient with those of ideal varieties characters, followed by spinning consistency index, again for micronaire. 3) By comparing fiber quality to ideal trait via grey relational analysis, we found that the fiber quality of medium maturing varieties in the YeRV were better than those of medium maturing varieties in the YaRV. The comprehensive characteristics of fiber quality of early-maturing cotton were the best in the NWIV, and followed by the medium maturing cotton in the YeRV and YaRV. 4) Medium-maturing varieties were mainly distributed in the YeRV and YaRV in China, though medium maturing cotton varieties had increased in the NWIV over the past 5 years. Overall, the range of fiber length for medium maturing varieties was 28.7-30.3 mm, which reached standards for high quality yarn. In recent years, there had been a downward trend on fiber length and strength of cotton varieties in the YeRV, with a strength range of 29.6-31.0 cN·tex-1, at medium to upper level. Micronaire in three cotton areas with different maturity types exhibited significant difference; the micronaire of the YaRV was higher than that of the YeRV, and that of YeRV from medium maturing varieties was higher than that of the NWIV for early-medium maturing varieties. The micronaire in the YeRV had greatly improved from 2010 to 2014, where more than 6.0 micronaire had been observed. 5) This study showed that the accumulated temperature of above 10℃ was the primary factor affecting fiber quality of conventional and hybrid cotton of medium-maturing varieties. The order of meteorological factors affecting cotton fiber length and micronaire was accumulated temperature above 10℃, rainfall, and sunshine hours; however, that impacting strength and spinning consistency index was accumulate temperature above 10℃, sunshine hours, and rainfall.
Key words:Cotton (Gossypium spp.)/
Maturing type/
Fiber quality/
Grey multidimensional comprehensive assessment/
Three major cotton areas
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图12005—2014年黄河流域棉区不同熟性棉花品种纤维品质比较分析图
Figure1.Comparative analysis of cotton fiber quality of different maturing cotton varieties in Yellow River Valley from 2005 to 2014
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图22005—2014年西北内陆棉区不同熟性棉花品种纤维品质比较分析
Figure2.Comparative analysis of cotton fiber quality of different maturing cotton varieties in Northwest Inland Valley from 2005 to 2014
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表12005—2014年不同棉区不同熟性棉花参试品种数
Table1.Number of different maturing cotton varieties of the national regional trails in different cotton areas from 2005 to 2014
| 年份 Year | 黄河流域棉区 Yellow River Valley | 长江流域棉区 Yangtze River Valley | 西北内陆棉区 Northwest Inland Valley | |||||
| 中熟 Medium maturing | 早中熟 Early-medium maturing | 早熟 Early-maturing | 中熟 Medium maturing | 早熟 Early-maturing | 早中熟 Early-medium maturing | |||
| 2005 | 32 | 10 | 7 | 30 | 8 | 10 | ||
| 2006 | 46 | 11 | 11 | 31 | 9 | 9 | ||
| 2007 | 48 | 13 | 7 | 31 | 8 | 7 | ||
| 2008 | 37 | 19 | 4 | 34 | 7 | 6 | ||
| 2009 | 37 | 12 | — | 42 | 8 | 10 | ||
| 2010 | 50 | 12 | — | 40 | 7 | 11 | ||
| 2011 | 47 | — | — | 36 | 6 | 7 | ||
| 2012 | 30 | — | 6 | 38 | 12 | 12 | ||
| 2013 | 47 | — | 8 | 32 | 11 | 14 | ||
| 2014 | 32 | — | 7 | 24 | 15 | 12 | ||
| 合计Total | 406 | 77 | 50 | 338 | 91 | 98 | ||
下载: 导出CSV表2我国棉花纤维品质审定标准Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型概况
Table2.Review of cotton fiber quality standards of type I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ in China
| 类型 Type | 类型描述 Type description | 纤维长度 Fiber length (mm) | 比强度 Strength (cN?tex-1) | 马克隆值 Micronaire |
| Ⅰ | 高产优质 High yield and good quality | ≥31.0 | ≥32.0 | 3.7~4.2 |
| Ⅱ | 普通优质 Common quality | ≥29.0 | ≥30.0 | 3.5~5.0 |
| Ⅲ | 普通高产 Common high yield | ≥27.0 | ≥28.0 | 3.5~5.5 |
下载: 导出CSV表32009—2014年黄河流域棉区安阳试点棉花生长季节(4—10月)气象因子观察数据汇总
Table3.Observational data of meteorological factors during cotton growing season (Aprile to October) in Anyang in the Yellow River Valley from 2009 to 2014
| 年份 Year | ≥10 ℃有效积温 Accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ (℃) | 日照时数 Sunshine hours (h) | 降雨量 Precipitation (mm) |
| 2009 | 2 460.7 | 1 337.0 | 366.8 |
| 2010 | 2 373.7 | 1 163.9 | 529.3 |
| 2011 | 2 348.3 | 1 164.9 | 444.5 |
| 2012 | 2 638.4 | 1 091.6 | 471.3 |
| 2013 | 2 330.5 | 990.8 | 365.7 |
| 2014 | 2 575.4 | 1 410.8 | 450.5 |
下载: 导出CSV表42009—2014年黄河流域棉区对照品种在安阳试点纤维品质性状观察值
Table4.Observed value of fiber quality of control varieties of Anyang in the Yellow River Valley from 2009 to 2014
| 类型 Type | 对照品种 Control variety | 年份 Year | 纤维长度 Fiber length (mm) | 比强度 Strength (cN·tex-1) | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 纺纱均匀性指数 Spinning consistency index |
| 中熟常规棉 Medium maturing conventional cotton | 中植棉2号 Zhongzhimian 2 | 2009 | 28.9 | 29.5 | 4.6 | 151 |
| 2010 | 28.9 | 30.2 | 5.4 | 141 | ||
| 2011 | 29.4 | 29.7 | 5.0 | 134 | ||
| 2012 | 30.0 | 28.0 | 5.0 | 136 | ||
| 2013 | 27.9 | 29.8 | 5.4 | 129 | ||
| 2014 | 29.6 | 32.8 | 5.1 | 144 | ||
| 中熟杂交棉 Medium maturing hybrid cotton | 瑞杂816 Ruiza 816 | 2009 | 31.0 | 31.8 | 4.5 | 163 |
| 2010 | 32.2 | 30.2 | 4.9 | 162 | ||
| 2011 | 31.3 | 32.1 | 5.2 | 143 | ||
| 2012 | 30.3 | 32.6 | 5.3 | 151 | ||
| 2013 | 28.9 | 34.7 | 5.6 | 148 | ||
| 2014 | 30.4 | 32.7 | 5.5 | 146 |
下载: 导出CSV表52005—2014年不同棉区不同熟性类型棉花品种主要品质性状
Table5.Main quality characters of different maturing cotton varieties at different cotton planting areas from 2005 to 2014
| 生态区 Ecology valley | 熟性类型 Maturing type | 纤维长度 Fiber length (mm) | 比强度 Strength (cN?tex-1) | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 纺纱均匀性指数 Spinning consistency index |
| 黄河流域棉区 Yellow River Valley | 中熟Medium maturing | 29.7 | 30.2 | 5.0 | 143 |
| 早中熟Early-medium maturing | 29.7 | 29.5 | 5.0 | 143 | |
| 早熟Early-maturing | 28.4 | 28.7 | 4.8 | 133 | |
| 长江流域棉区 Yangtze River Valley | 中熟Medium maturing | 29.9 | 29.9 | 5.1 | 145 |
| 西北内陆棉区 Northwest Inland Valley | 早中熟Early-medium maturing | 30.1 | 30.1 | 4.5 | 151 |
| 早熟Early-maturing | 30.4 | 30.4 | 4.2 | 156 | |
| 理想类型Ideal type | 30.4 | 30.4 | 3.7~4.2 | 156 | |
下载: 导出CSV表62005—2014年国家棉花区域试验达到Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型标准的不同熟性类型品种
Table6.Varieties of different mature types of cotton in national regional trials up to the national standards of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ from 2005 to 2014
| 生态区 Ecology valley | 熟性类型 Maturing type | Ⅰ型品种 TypeⅠvarieties | Ⅱ型品种 Type Ⅱvarieties | |
| 黄河流域棉区 Yellow River Valley | 中熟 Medium maturing | ‘中农8503’ ‘郑育棉2号’ ‘MB4608’ ‘Zhongnong 8503’ ‘Zhengyumian2’ ‘MB4608 | ‘鲁2015’ ‘GK50’ ‘鑫秋2号’ ‘中植棉8号’ ‘欣杂15’等共74个品种‘Lu 2015’ ‘GK 50’ ‘Xinqiu 2’ ‘Zhongzhimian 8’ ‘Xinza 15’ etc., a total of 74 varieties | |
| 早中熟 Early-medium maturing | / | ‘嘉星5号’ ‘豫宝杂4号’ ‘鲁棉研28’等共13个品种‘Jiaxing 5’ ‘Yubaoza 4’ ‘Lumianyan 28’ etc., a total of 13 varieties | ||
| 早熟Early maturing | ‘淮超省工棉1号’ ‘Huaichaoshenggongmian 1’ | ‘中603’‘中棉所50’ ‘锦科707’共3个品种‘Zhong 603’ ‘Zhongmiansuo 50’ ‘Jinke 707’ | ||
| 长江流域棉区 Yangtze River Valley | 中熟 Medium maturing | ‘银宇1号’ ‘Yinyu 1’ | ‘荆杂01-80’ ‘慈杂1号’ ‘瑞杂816’ ‘川杂棉30’等共36个品种‘Jingza 01-80’ ‘Ciza 1’ ‘Ruiza 816’ ‘Chuanzamian 30’ etc., a total of 36 varieties | |
| 西北内陆棉区 Northwest Inland Valley | 早熟 Early maturing | ‘768’ ‘A01-272’ ‘中棉所584’等共9个品种’ ‘768’ ‘A01-272’ ‘Zhongmiansuo 584’, etc., a total of 9 varieties | ‘新陆早13号’ ‘金垦91’ ‘新石K21’ ‘天云661’等共26个品种‘Xinluzao 13’ ‘Jinken 91’ ‘Xinshik 21’ ‘Tianyun 661’ etc., a total of 26 varieties | |
| 早中熟 Early-medium maturing | ‘6802’ | ‘H038’ ‘汇丰台97’ ‘新桑特6号’ ‘创棉501’ ‘中棉所49’等共21个品种‘H038’ ‘Huifengtai 97’ ‘Xinsangte 6’ ‘Chuangmian 501’ ‘Zhongmiansuo 49’ etc., a total of 21 varieties | ||
下载: 导出CSV表7不同熟性类型棉花品质性状与理想性状之间灰色关联系数及综合灰色关联度
Table7.Grey correlation coefficients and overall grey correlation degree of different maturing cotton varieties between quality traits and ideals traits
| 生态区 Ecology valley | 熟性类型 Maturing type | 纤维长度 Fiber length | 比强度 Strength | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 纺纱均匀指数 Spinning consistence index | 综合灰色关联度 Grey correlation degree | 位次 Order |
| 黄河流域棉区 Yellow River Valley | 早熟Early maturing | 0.572 7 | 0.610 6 | 0.396 2 | 0.382 6 | 0.490 5 | 6 |
| 早中熟Early-medium maturing | 0.792 3 | 0.757 2 | 0.353 7 | 0.515 1 | 0.604 6 | 5 | |
| 中熟Medium maturing | 0.796 9 | 0.941 7 | 0.348 9 | 0.527 8 | 0.653 8 | 3 | |
| 长江流域棉区 Yangtze River Valley | 中熟Medium maturing | 0.838 3 | 0.843 3 | 0.333 3 | 0.517 5 | 0.633 1 | 4 |
| 西北内陆棉区 Northwest Inland Valley | 早熟Early maturing | 1.000 0 | 1.000 0 | 0.922 9 | 1.000 0 | 0.980 7 | 1 |
| 早中熟Early-medium maturing | 0.898 6 | 0.904 4 | 0.593 7 | 0.736 1 | 0.783 2 | 2 |
下载: 导出CSV表8黄河流域棉区中熟常规棉品种和杂交棉品种纤维品质性状与气象因子间的灰色关联度
Table8.Grey correlation degrees of main meteorological factors and fiber quality of medium maturing conventional varieties in the Yellow River Valley
| 品种 Variety | 纤维品质 Fiber quality | ≥10 ℃有效积温 Accumulate temperature above 10 ℃ | 降雨量 Precipitation | 日照时数 Sunshine hours |
| 中植棉2号 Zhongzhimian 2 | 纤维长度Fiber length | 0.836 8 | 0.657 7 | 0.596 7 |
| 比强度Strength | 0.779 7 | 0.559 6 | 0.724 3 | |
| 马克隆值Micronaire | 0.653 0 | 0.633 9 | 0.569 8 | |
| 纺纱均匀指数Spinning consistency index | 0.801 5 | 0.613 7 | 0.722 3 | |
| 瑞杂816 Ruiza 816 | 纤维长度Fiber length | 0.727 2 | 0.596 2 | 0.541 7 |
| 比强度Strength | 0.828 6 | 0.669 4 | 0.663 2 | |
| 马克隆值Micronaire | 0.746 2 | 0.694 5 | 0.600 4 | |
| 纺纱均匀指数Spinning consistency index | 0.770 0 | 0.584 3 | 0.654 3 |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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