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冬小麦籽粒品质评价及其对气象因子的响应研究

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
信志红1, 2,,
郭建平2, 3,,,
谭凯炎2,
刘凯文4,
杨荣光5,
张利华6,
孙义7
1.山东省东营市气象局 东营 257091
2.中国气象科学研究院 北京 100081
3.南京信息工程大学气象灾害预警预报与评估协同创新中心 南京 210044
4.湖北省荆州农业气象试验站 荆州 424025
5.山东省泰安市气象局 泰安 271000
6.江苏省徐州市气象局 徐州 221009
7.安徽省宿州市气象局 宿州 234000
基金项目: 公益性行业（气象）科研专项重大专项GYHY201506001-2
公益性行业（气象）科研专项重大专项GYHY201506001-3


详细信息
作者简介:信志红, 主要研究方向为农业气象及应用。E-mail:sddyxin@126.com
通讯作者:郭建平, 主要研究方向为农业气象灾害和气候变化影响。E-mail:gjp@cma.gov.cn
中图分类号:S145.6

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-02-21
录用日期:2019-04-17
刊出日期:2019-08-01

Evaluation of grain quality of winter wheat and its response to meteorological factors

XIN Zhihong1, 2,,
GUO Jianping2, 3,,,
TAN Kaiyan2,
LIU Kaiwen4,
YANG Rongguang5,
ZHANG Lihua6,
SUN Yi7
1. Dongying Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province, Dongying 257091, China
2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
4. Jingzhou Agrometeorological Trial Station, Jingzhou 424025, China
5. Tai'an Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province, Tai'an 271000, China
6. Xuzhou Meteorological Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221009, China
7. Suzhou Meteorological Bureau of Anhui Province, Suzhou 234000, China
Funds: the Special Project for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorological) Scientific Research of ChinaGYHY201506001-2
the Special Project for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorological) Scientific Research of ChinaGYHY201506001-3


More Information
Corresponding author:GUO Jianping, E-mail:gjp@cma.gov.cn


摘要
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摘要
摘要:选用南北方冬麦区主要推广品种作试验材料，通过田间分期播种试验方法，采用方差分析、主成分分析对冬小麦籽粒性状和内在品质进行分析评价，利用线性相关、二次曲线相关和逐步回归等方法，选择影响显著的气象因子绘制品质响应曲线，构建冬小麦品质预测模型。结果表明：各供试小麦品种均属中蛋白品种，其主要品质性状中，淀粉含量最高且变异程度最小，蛋白质含量次高变异程度居中，脂肪含量最低但变异程度最大；蛋白质、脂肪和产量区域差异显著，各品质含量地域分布总体呈北方较南方高而稳定的特点；蛋白质组分氨基酸品质可由3个主成分解释，一般非必需氨基酸谷氨酸含量最高，必需氨基酸蛋氨酸含量最低，北方麦区氨基酸品质优于南方麦区，表明北方气温日较差大更利于提高氨基酸含量；脂肪组分脂肪酸品质可由4个主成分解释，一般不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸含量最高，饱和脂肪酸十五碳一烯酸含量最低。温湿条件是影响冬小麦籽粒品质的主要气象因子，可通过调整开花-成熟期气温日较差和降低土壤湿度的方式提高蛋白质或氨基酸品质，通过调节开花-成熟期最低气温和土壤湿度的方式提高脂肪或脂肪酸品质。
关键词:冬小麦/
南北方冬麦区/
籽粒品质/
氨基酸/
脂肪酸/
气象因子
Abstract:Using field staging test method and the main winter wheat varieties as test materials, which are predominantly cultivated in the north and south wheat areas; variance analysis and principal component analysis methods to evaluate grain traits; and linear correlation, quadratic curve correlation, and stepwise regression to identify significant meteorological factors; a winter wheat quality prediction model was constructed in the form of meteorological factor-quality response curve to explore variations in the qualities of different wheat varieties in different areas and the meteorological factors that cause these variations. The varieties used in the experiment were 'Tanmai 98' and 'Shannong 18' planted in the northern wheat areas of Gucheng of Hebei Province and Tai'an of Shandong Province, respectively; and 'Xumai 33', 'Wanmai 52', and 'Zhengmai 9023' planted in the southern wheat areas of Xuzhou of Jiangsu Province, Suzhuo of Anhui Province, and Jingzhou of Hubei Province, respectively. Five wheat varieties were planted at different times (10 days in advance, suitable time, 10 days later, and 20 days later). The results showed that the tested wheat varieties were all medium protein varieties. Among the main quality traits, starch had the highest content and minimum variation, followed by protein regarding the content with medium variation, and fat with the lowest content but the maximum variation. The differences in protein and fat in the different areas was significant. The quality and its' stability of winter wheat were higher for winter sowing in the northern area and their quality traits were excellent. Each nutritional component was generally higher and stable in the north than in the south. The amino acid quality of the protein component was explained by three principal components. The content of the non-essential amino acid, glutamic acid, was the highest, whereas that of the essential amino acid, methionine, was the lowest; the amino acid quality of wheat was better in the northern than in the southern areas. The daily temperature difference in the northern area was more conducive to increasing the amino acid content. The fatty acids of the fat component were explained by four principal components. The content of the unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid, was the highest and that of the saturated fatty acid, pentadecene monoenoic acid, was the lowest. Temperature and humidity were the main meteorological factors affecting the grain quality of winter wheat. The protein or amino acid quality could be improved by adjusting the daily range of temperature in the flowering-mature period and reducing soil moisture; the fat or fatty acid quality could be improved by adjusting soil moisture and the minimum temperature in the flowering-mature period.
Key words:Winter wheat/
Northern and southern wheat areas/
Grain quality/
Amino acid/
Fatty acid/
Meteorological factor

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图1试验地点位置示意图
Figure1.Location of the experiment sites


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图2冬小麦籽粒品质性状对开花至成熟期气象因子的响应曲线(a:蛋白质含量对活动积温的响应; b:蛋白质含量对最高气温平均值的响应; c:蛋白质含量对最低气温平均值的响应; d:脂肪含量对相对湿度的响应; e:脂肪含量对20 cm土壤湿度的响应; f:脂肪含量对30 cm土壤湿度的响应; g:脂肪含量对40 cm土壤湿度的响应; h:脂肪含量对50 cm土壤湿度的响应)
Figure2.Response curves of grain quality traits of winter wheat to meteorological factors from flowering to maturity (a: response of protein content to the accumulated active temperature; b: response of protein content to the mean maximum temperature; c: response of protein content to the mean minimum temperature; d: response of fat content to the relative humidity; e: response of fat content to soil moisture at 20 cm depth; f: response of fat content to soil moisture at 30 cm depth; g: response of fat content to soil moisture at 40 cm depth; h: response of fat content to soil moisture at 50 cm depth)


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表1冬小麦籽粒主要品质与产量要素方差分析
Table1.Analysis of variance of main quality and yield factors of winter wheat grain
变异因子
Source of variation		 蛋白质
Protein		 淀粉
Starch		 脂肪
Fat		 千粒重
Thousand kernels weight		 理论产量
Yield
区域
Area		 F 4.620 0.566 54.439 1.510 7.233
P 0.017 0.692 0.000 0.261 0.003
播期
Sowing date		 F 1.920 3.395 2.611 0.645 1.008
P 0.180 0.054 0.100 0.601 0.423


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表2不同区域和不同播期冬小麦籽粒品质与产量要素及其变异分析
Table2.Grain quality and yield components and their variations of winter wheat sowed in different dates in different areas
指标
Index		 区域?Area 播期?Sowing date 平均
Mean
固城
Gucheng		 泰安
Tai’an		 徐州
Xuzhou		 宿州
Suzhou		 荆州
Jingzhou		 早播10 d ?Sowing 10 d in advance 适播
Suitable sowing		 迟播10 d ?Delayed 10 d sowing 迟播20 d? Delayed 20 d sowing
蛋白质?Protein 平均?Mean [g?(100g)-1] 14.8a 14.5a 12.5b 13.7ab14.1a 14.7 13.8 13.8 13.4 13.9
SD [g?(100g)-1] 0.39 0.56 0.00 0.50 1.85 1.53 0.82 0.99 1.15 1.16
CV 0.026 0.039 0.000 0.036 0.131 0.104 0.060 0.072 0.086 0.083
极差?Range [g?(100g)-1] 0.9 1.1 0.0 1.1 4.3 4.2 2.2 2.7 2.6 4.3
淀粉?Starch 平均?Mean [g?(100g)-1] 56.3a 55.5a 55.2a 54.9a 56.2a 56.7 55.6 53.7 56.5 55.6
SD [g?(100g)-1] 2.08 2.51 1.94 2.30 0.88 1.54 1.53 1.09 1.99 1.89
CV 0.037 0.045 0.035 0.042 0.016 0.027 0.027 0.020 0.035 0.034
极差?Range [g?(100g)-1] 4.4 5.1 4.2 4.9 2.1 4.0 3.8 2.3 5.5 6.5
脂肪?Fat 平均?Mean [g?(100g)-1] 0.8b 2.1a 1.0b 1.0b 1.1b 1.18 1.32 1.14 1.08 1.18
SD [g?(100g)-1] 0.10 0.12 0.24 0.13 0.19 0.60 0.52 0.49 0.52 0.50
CV 0.116 0.055 0.251 0.129 0.182 0.510 0.391 0.432 0.483 0.423
极差?Range [g?(100g)-1] 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5
千粒重?Thousand kernels weight 平均?Mean (g) 49.45a 44.11a 45.16a 46.36a 41.63a 45.65 47.59 44.33 43.81 45.34
SD (g) 3.00 7.07 3.11 2.46 5.25 5.07 2.56 6.74 4.66 4.81
CV 0.061 0.160 0.069 0.053 0.126 0.111 0.054 0.152 0.106 0.106
极差?Range (g) 6.51 15.10 7.56 5.40 9.27 12.20 6.46 17.47 12.99 17.47
理论产量?Yield 平均?Mean (g?m-2) 1 102.7ab 1 415.6a 1 042.5abc 852.6bc 647.1c 1 047.6 1 126.4 904.7 969.8 1 012.1
SD (g?m-2) 44.84 347.75 215.55 121.3 211.6 410.59 421.66 172.90 302.41 325.18
CV 0.041 0.246 0.207 0.142 0.327 0.392 0.374 0.1911 0.3118 0.321
极差?Range (g?m-2) 104.9 851.7 465.6 261.3 458.4 1 039.2 1 053.4 439.3 837.5 1 458.0
同行内不同字母表示同类数据差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different letters in the same line for the same group indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).


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表3冬小麦籽粒品质性状与开花至成熟期气象因子的相关系数
Table3.Correlation coefficients between grain quality traits of winter wheat and meteorological factors from flowering to maturity
气象因子
Weather factor		 蛋白质?Protein 脂肪?Fat 淀粉?Starch
线性相关
Linear		 二次曲线
相关
Quadratic		 线性相关
Linear		 二次曲线
相关
Quadratic		 线性相关
Linear		 二次曲线
相关
Quadratic
活动积温?Active accumulated temperature (Aa) -0.003 0.565* 0.212 0.216 -0.062 0.259
平均气温?Average temperature (T) -0.187 0.304 0.278 0.513 -0.184 0.195
日最高气温平均值?Average of highest temperature (Txm) 0.034 0.733** 0.223 0.345 -0.082 0.313
日最低气温平均值?Average of lowest temperature (Tnm) -0.474* 0.516 0.297 0.443 -0.301 0.312
气温日较差?Temperature difference (Tx-Tn) 0.145 0.467 0.190 0.239 -0.036 0.389
平均相对湿度?Average relative humidity (U) 0.075 0.128 -0.292 0.560* 0.097 0.184
平均风速?Average wind speed (V) -0.315 0.521 -0.279 0.304 0.039 0.362
降水量?Precipitation (R) 0.127 0.215 -0.071 0.380 0.120 0.250
日照时数?Sunshine hours (S) 0.164 0.475 -0.056 0.341 0.061 0.236
土壤湿度?Soil moisture (W) 10 cm (W10) -0.083 0.270 -0.235 0.291 0.068 0.195
20 cm (W20) -0.281 0.513 -0.500* 0.729** -0.028 0.228
30 cm (W30) -0.327 0.448 -0.580** 0.854** -0.016 0.149
40 cm (W40) -0.365 0.373 -0.707** 0.928** -0.002 0.009
50 cm (W50) -0.236 0.270 -0.846** 0.935** 0.051 0.078
*和**分别表示显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)相关。* and ** show significant correlations at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.


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表4冬小麦脂氨基酸含量主成分分析入选的特征根及特征向量
Table4.Characteristic roots and characteristic vectors of principal component analysis of amino acids contents of winter wheat fatty
分量来源
Vector origin		 主成分?Principal component
PCa1 PCa2 PCa3
特征根?Eigenvalue 11.686 2.576 1.385
贡献率?Contribution rate (%) 73.038 16.101 8.657
累积贡献率?Cumulative percentage (%) 73.038 89.139 97.796
天冬氨酸?Aspartic acid (Xa1) 0.749 -0.631 -0.190
谷氨酸?Glutamic acid (Xa2) 0.915 -0.340 0.170
丝氨酸?Serine (Xa3) 0.853 -0.514 0.036
甘氨酸?Glycine (Xa4) 0.942 0.191 -0.271
组氨酸?Histidine (Xa5) 0.928 -0.343 -0.055
精氨酸?Arginine (Xa6) 0.892 -0.393 -0.138
苏氨酸?Threonine (Xa7) 0.982 -0.146 -0.045
丙氨酸?Alanine(Xa8) -0.699 -0.245 0.526
脯氨酸?Proline (Xa9) 0.889 0.453 -0.058
酪氨酸?Tyrosine (Xa10) 0.839 0.433 0.329
缬氨酸?Valine (Xa11) 0.952 0.261 0.081
蛋氨酸?DL-Methionine (Xa12) 0.177 0.901 -0.365
异亮氨酸?Isoleucine (Xa13) 0.901 0.259 0.330
亮氨酸?Leucine (Xa14) 0.990 0.129 -0.049
苯丙氨酸?Phenylalanine (Xa15) 0.989 0.010 -0.140
赖氨酸?Lysine (Xa16) 0.600 0.229 0.750


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表5各试验点冬小麦氨基酸主成分分值及排序评价
Table5.Principal component scores and ranking evaluation of amino acids contents of winter wheat at each test site
试验点品种
Test site and variety		 PCa1 PCa2 PCa3 PCa
分值
Score (Fa1)		 排序
Order		 分值
Score (Fa2)		 排序
Order		 分值
Score (Fa3)		 排序
Order		 分值
Score (Fa)		 排序
Order
固城‘郯麦98’ ?‘Tanmai 98’ in Gucheng 5.47 1 -0.15 2 0.28 2 4.09 1
泰安‘山农18’?‘Shannong 18’ in Tai’an 0.84 2 -0.78 3 -1.31 5 0.39 2
徐州‘徐麦33’?‘Xumai 33’ in Xuzhou -3.42 5 -0.79 4 -0.82 4 -2.76 5
宿州‘皖麦52’?‘Wanmai 52’ in Suzhou -1.78 4 -1.08 5 1.75 1 -1.35 4
荆州‘郑麦9023’? ‘Zhengmai 9023’ in Jingzhou -1.12 3 2.81 1 0.09 3 -0.36 3


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表6冬小麦籽粒氨基酸含量与开花至成熟期气象因子关系模型
Table6.Relationship between amino acids contents of winter wheat grain and meteorological ecological factors from flowering to maturity
氨基酸种类?Type of amino acid 关系方程?Relation equation R2 F P
天冬氨酸?Asparticacid (Xa1) Xa1=-0.946+0.511(Txm-Tnm) 0.453 14.935 0.001
谷氨酸?Glutamicacid (Xa2) Xa2=118.092-42.356V 0.317 8.354 0.010
丝氨酸?Serine (Xa3) Xa3=1.227+0.281(Txm-Tnm) 0.356 9.942 0.006
甘氨酸?Glycine (Xa4) Xa4=10.196-0.255Tnm-0.075W30 0.630 14.497 0.000
组氨酸?Histidine (Xa5) Xa5=-1.357+0.294(Txm-Tnm) 0.381 11.099 0.004
精氨酸?Arginine (Xa6) Xa6=1.418+0.417(Txm-Tnm) 0.425 13.294 0.002
苏氨酸?Threonine (Xa7) Xa7=1.412+0.301(Txm-Tnm) 0.400 11.983 0.003
脯氨酸?Proline (Xa9) Xa9=20.400-0.483Tnm 0.304 7.864 0.012
酪氨酸?Tyrosine (Xa10) Xa10=4.117-0.137Tnm 0.203 4.585 0.046
缬氨酸?Valine (Xa11) Xa11=7.914-0.184Tnm 0.270 6.657 0.019
异亮氨酸?Isoleucine (Xa13) Xa13=7.162-0.169Tnm 0.250 6.009 0.025
亮氨酸?Leucine (Xa14) Xa14=16.466-0.419Tnm-0.107W10 0.445 6.817 0.007
苯丙氨酸?Phenylalanine (Xa15) Xa15=6.741+0.353(Txm-Tnm)-0.155Tx 0.502 8.583 0.003
Txm:日最高气温平均值; Tnm:日最低气温平均值; V:平均风速; W30: 30 cm土壤温湿度; W10: 10 cm土壤湿度; Tx:最高气温。Txm: average of daily maximum temperature; Tnm: average of daily minimum temperature; V: average wind speed; W30: soil moisture at 30 cm depth; W10: soil moisture at 10 cm depth; Tx: maximum temperature.


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表7冬小麦脂肪酸含量主成分分析入选的特征根及特征向量
Table7.Characteristic roots and characteristic vectors of principal component analysis of fatty acids contents of winter wheat
分量来源
Vector origin		 主成分?Principal component
PCf1 PCf2 PCf3 PCf4
特征根?Eigenvalue 18.785 4.298 1.793 1.123
贡献率?Contribution rate (%) 72.251 16.531 6.898 4.321
累积贡献率?Cumulative percentage (%) 72.251 88.781 95.679 100.000
十三碳酸?Ficocerylic acid (Xf1) 0.910 0.346 -0.143 -0.179
肉豆葵酸?Myristic acid (Xf2) 0.960 0.188 -0.124 -0.164
肉豆葵油酸?Myristoleic acid (Xf3) 0.733 0.631 -0.168 -0.192
十五碳酸?Pentadecylic acid (Xf4) 0.422 -0.012 0.798 -0.430
十五碳一烯酸?Pentadecenoate acid (Xf5) 0.970 -0.207 -0.065 -0.111
棕榈酸?Palmitic acid (Xf6) 0.997 0.025 0.033 0.070
棕榈油酸?Palmitoleic acid (Xf7) 0.765 0.008 0.547 0.341
十七碳酸?Heptadecanoic acid (Xf8) 0.970 -0.207 -0.065 -0.111
十七碳一烯酸?Heptadecenoic acid (Xf9) 0.821 -0.569 0.005 -0.041
硬脂酸?Stearic acid (Xf10) 0.846 0.216 -0.068 0.483
油酸?Oleic acid (Xf11) 0.988 0.064 -0.131 -0.059
反式亚油酸?Trans-Linolelaidic acid (Xf12) 0.821 -0.569 0.005 -0.041
亚油酸?Linoleic acid (Xf13) 0.956 -0.248 0.097 0.127
花生酸?Arachidic acid (Xf14) 0.662 -0.456 -0.555 0.214
y-亚麻酸?y-Linolenic acid (Xf15) 0.733 0.631 -0.168 -0.192
二十碳一烯酸?Eicosanoic acid (Xf16) 0.072 0.997 -0.034 -0.021
α-亚麻酸α-Linolenic acid (Xf17) 0.586 -0.807 0.064 0.026
二十一碳酸?Heneicosanoic acid (Xf18) 0.970 -0.207 -0.065 -0.111
二十碳二烯酸?Eicosadienoic acid (Xf19) 0.892 0.342 0.268 0.120
二十二碳酸?Behenic acid (Xf20) 0.772 0.386 0.438 0.251
芥酸?Erucic acid (Xf21) -0.970 0.207 0.065 0.111
二十碳三烯酸?Eicosatrienoic acid (Xf22) 0.950 -0.109 0.264 0.126
二十三碳酸?Tricosanoic acid (Xf23) 0.960 0.188 -0.124 -0.164
二十碳五烯酸?Timnodonic acid (Xf24) 0.789 0.413 -0.188 0.415
二十四碳一烯酸?Nervonic acid (Xf25) 0.970 -0.207 -0.065 -0.111
二十二碳六烯酸?Docosahexenoic acid (Xf26) 0.960 0.188 -0.124 -0.164


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表8各试验点冬小麦脂肪酸主成分分值及排序评价
Table8.Main component scores and ranking evaluation of fatty acids contents of winter wheat at each test site
试验点品种
Test site and variety		 PCf1 PCf2 PCf3PCf4 PCf
分值
Score (Ff1)		 排序
Order		 分值
Score (Ff2)		 排序
Order		 分值
Score (Ff3)		 排序
Order		 分值
Score (Ff4)		排序
Order		 分值
Score (Ff)		 排序
Order
固城‘郯麦98’?‘Tanmai 98’ in Gucheng -3.99 5 -0.08 4 0.31 2 -1.61 5 -2.94 5
泰安‘山农18’?‘Shannong 18’ in Tai’an 5.68 1 2.34 1 -0.40 4 -0.36 4 4.45 1
徐州‘徐麦33’?‘Xumai 33’ in Xuzhou 3.53 2 -3.28 5 0.21 3 0.11 3 2.02 2
宿州‘皖麦52’?‘Wanmai 52’ in Suzhou -3.27 4 0.05 3 -1.91 5 0.82 2 -2.45 4
荆州‘郑麦9023’? ‘Zhengmai 9023’ in Jingzhou -1.95 3 0.98 2 1.79 1 1.05 1 -1.07 3


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表9冬小麦籽粒脂肪酸含量与开花至成熟期气象因子关系模型
Table9.Relationship between fatty acids contents of winter wheat grain and meteorological ecological factors from flowering to maturity
脂肪酸种类?Type of fatty acid 关系方程?Relation equation R2 F P
十三碳酸?Ficocerylic acid (Xf1) Xf1=0.006-0.000 3W50 0.723 46.880 0.000
肉豆葵酸?Myristic acid (Xf2) Xf2=0.004-0.000 1W50 0.475 16.278 0.001
肉豆葵油酸?Myristoleic acid (Xf3) Xf3=0.004-0.000 1W50-0.000 1Tn 0.847 47.208 0.000
十五碳一烯酸?Pentadecenoate acid (Xf5) Xf5=0.001-6.114×10-5W50 0.356 9.960 0.005
棕榈酸?Palmitic acid (Xf6) Xf6=0.406-0.031W50+0.023W40 0.432 6.473 0.008
十七碳酸?Heptadecanoic acid (Xf8) Xf8=-0.004+0.000 3Tnm 0.240 5.695 0.028
十七碳一烯酸?Heptadecenoic acid (Xf9) Xf9=-0.005+0.000 3Tnm 0.332 8.956 0.008
油酸?Oleic acid (Xf11) Xf11=0.396-0.012W50 0.439 14.065 0.001
反式亚油酸?Trans-Linolelaidic acid (Xf12) Xf12=-0.004+0.000 3Tnm 0.278 6.936 0.017
花生酸?Arachidic acid (Xf14) Xf14=-0.010+0.001Tnm 0.579 24.706 0.000
y-亚麻酸?y-Linolenic acid (Xf15) Xf15=0.001-4.626×10-5W50 0.425 13.298 0.002
二十一碳酸?Heneicosanoic acid (Xf18) Xf18=0.002-0.000 1W50 0.312 8.153 0.011
二十碳二烯酸?Eicosadienoic acid (Xf19) Xf19=0.004+0.000 2W40-0.000 3W50 0.533 9.690 0.002
二十碳三烯酸?Eicosatrienoic acid (Xf22) Xf22=0.002+0.000 3W40-0.000 3W50 0.421 6.179 0.010
二十三碳酸?Tricosanoic acid (Xf23) Xf23=0.003-0.000 1W50 0.256 6.185 0.023
二十二碳六烯酸?Docosahexenoic acid (Xf26) Xf26=0.011-0.000 5W50 0.645 32.660 0.000
W50: 50 cm土壤湿度; Tn:最低气温; W40: 40 cm土壤湿度; Tnm:日最低气温平均值. W50: soil moisture at 50 cm depth; Tn: the minimum temperature; W40: soil moisture at 40 cm depth; Tnm: average of daily minimum temperature.


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