孙良斌1,
刘忠山3,
冯固2
1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 乌鲁木齐 830091
2.中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193
3.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 乌鲁木齐 830091
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41461051
国家自然科学基金项目U1703232
详细信息
作者简介:白灯莎·买买提艾力, 主要从事棉花施肥方面的研究。E-mail:baidengsha@126.com
中图分类号:S512.1计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-10-20
录用日期:2019-03-26
刊出日期:2019-06-01
Comparison of yield and nitrogen use efficiency-related traits of cotton cultivars released during the last sixty years
BAIDENGSHA·Maimaitiaili1,,SUN Liangbin1,
LIU Zhongshan3,
FENG Gu2
1. Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
3. Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41461051
the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaU1703232
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摘要
摘要:棉花品种培育过程与土壤培肥、栽培技术、气候变化等因素密切相关，品种产量性状的选育也与养分吸收利用性状存在协同选择性。为了理解品种选育过程对棉花养分效率的影响，采用单因素随机区组设计，比较了新疆1950s—2013年不同年代培育的22个棉花品种（系）的产量性状和氮素利用效率的特征，分析了各棉花品种不同生育期生物量积累规律、产量性状和氮素利用效率的差异。结果表明：不同品种生物量、产量、氮素利用效率和氮素偏生产力差异较大，生物量苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期分别为2.87~11.67 g·株-1、20.8~38.6 g·株-1、42.3~88.3 g·株-1和58.2~120.4 g·株-1，变异系数分别为30.2%、8.2%、5.6%和5.6%。产量构成因素中单株铃数变异系数最大（29.0%），衣分最小（1.0%）。氮素利用效率和氮素偏生产力分别为1.12~4.47 kg·kg-1和2.87~11.67 kg·kg-1，变异系数分别为35.3%和27.6%。氮素偏生产力与生物量、皮棉产量呈极显著正相关。新疆过去60年棉花品种更替过程中，经济系数没有发生明显改变，始终维持在0.20~0.24 g·g-1；棉花皮棉产量性状逐渐提升，由1950s的853.6 kg·hm-2增加到2013年的1 569.8 kg·hm-2；氮素偏生产力和氮素利用效率变化较大，分别由4.12 kg·kg-1增加到7.58 kg·kg-1、由2.32 kg·kg-1增加到3.07 kg·kg-1。基于生物量、产量构成因素、氮肥利用效率和氮素偏生产力等性状指标的综合评价和聚类分析，将22个品种分为氮高效型、氮中效型和氮低效型3组，‘新陆早50号’ ‘新陆早57号’为氮高效型品种。与氮低效型组相比，氮高效型组的品种具有较高的皮棉产量和生物量。通过上述结果可以认为，棉花高产育种过程提高了氮素利用效率和偏生产力。
关键词:棉花育种/
品种/
皮棉产量/
经济系数/
氮利用效率/
氮素偏生产力
Abstract:The cotton breeding process is closely related to the improvement of soil fertility, innovation of culturing technology, climate change, and so on. The selection of lint yield-related traits is connected to the selection of traits of nutrient uptake and use efficiency. To understand the impact of the cotton breeding process on the nutrient efficiency of cotton, 22 cotton varieties released from the 1950s to 2013 in Xinjiang were grown together in a field with a randomized block design. The biomass, lint yield, N content and N use efficiency of each cultivar were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in N use efficiency and partial factor productivity among the analyzed varieties. The biomass of the seeding stage, befuddling stage, flower and boll stage, and boll opening stage were 2.87-11.67 g, 20.8-38.6 g, 42.3-88.3 g, and 58.2-120.4 g per plant, respectively. Coefficients of variation were 30.2%, 8.2%, 5.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. For the yield components, the coefficient of variation of the boll number per plant was the highest (29.0%), and lint percent the lowest (1.0%). The variation of N use efficiency was 1.12-4.47 kg·kg-1, and the partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) was 2.87-11.67 kg·kg-1, with the coefficients of variation of 35.3% and 27.6%, respectively. It showed that PFPN had a significant correlation with biomass and lint cotton yield. The cotton economic coefficient had not changed significantly during the past 60 years and remained in a range of 0.20-0.24 g·g-1. The lint yield of cotton increased gradually from 853.6 kg·hm-2 in the 1950s to 1 569.8 kg·hm-2 in 2013. There were significant changes in PFPN and N use efficiency:these factors increased from 4.12 kg·kg-1 to 5.78 kg·kg-1, and from 2.32 kg·kg-1 to 3.07 kg·kg-1, respectively. Based on lint yield components, N use efficiency and PFPN, the cotton varieties were divided into three groups:a high N efficiency group, a medium N efficiency group, and a low N efficiency group. Cluster analysis showed that 'Xinluzao 50' and 'Xinluzao 57' were the high N efficient varieties. Compared with the low-efficiency cultivar, the high N-efficiency cultivar had a higher lint yield and biomass. It can be concluded that high-yield cultivar selection could improve N use efficiency and PFPN of cotton.
Key words:Cotton breeding/
Cultivars/
Lint yield/
Economic factors/
Nitrogen use efficiency/
Partial factor productivity of nitrogen
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图1不同棉花品种不同生育期生物量比较
各品种序号及具体介绍见表 1。
Figure1.Comparison of biomasses at different growth stages of different cotton cultivars
Detail information of cultivars is shown in the table 1.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2不同棉花品种氮利用效率(NUE)和氮素偏生产力(PFPN)比较
各品种序号及具体介绍见表 1。
Figure2.Comparison of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) of different cotton cultivars
Detail information of cultivars is shown in the table 1.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3不同棉花品种生物量、皮棉产量、氮利用效率的相关性分析
Figure3.Correlation analysis of biomass, lint yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of different cotton cultivars
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4不同品种皮棉产量、生物量、氮偏生产力相关性分析
Figure4.Correlation analysis of lint yield, biomass and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) of different cotton cultivars
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5不同棉花品种氮效率聚类分析结果
各品种序号及具体介绍见表 1。
Figure5.Cluster analysis of nitrogen efficiency of different cotton cultivars
Detail information of cultivars is shown in the table 1.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1供试棉花品种及育成年代和单位
Table1.Released (introduced) years and names of breeding institutions of the tested cotton cultivars
| 编号 No. | 品种 Cultivar | 育成(引进)年代 Released (introduced) year | 育成单位 Name of breeding institution |
| 1 | C-3174 | 1954 | 前苏联?Soviet Union |
| 2 | KK-1543 | 1955 | 前苏联柯尔克孜农业研究所 Soviet Union Kirgiz Agricultural Research Institute |
| 3 | 108夫108 Fu | 1960 | 前苏联?Soviet Union |
| 4 | 农垦5号?Nongkeng No. 5 | 1961 | 新疆农八师莫二场良种队 Mo’rchang Breeding Group of the Eighth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang |
| 5 | 车61-72?Che 61-72 | 1961 | 新疆农七师车排子试验站 Chepaizi Station of the Seventh Agricultural Division of Xinjiang |
| 6 | C-4744 | 1963 | 前苏联?Soviet Union |
| 7 | 新陆早1号?Xinluzao No. 1 | 1978 | 新疆农七师下野地试验站 Xiayedi Station of the Seventh Agricultural Division of Xinjiang |
| 8 | 新陆201?Xinlu 201 | 1979 | 新疆农业科学院和巴州农业科学研究所 Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Bazhou Agricultual Institute |
| 9 | 军棉1号?Junmian No. 1 | 1979 | 新疆农二师塔里木良种繁育试验站 Tarim Breeding Experiment Station of the Second Agricultural Division of Xinjiang |
| 10 | 新陆早2号?Xinluzao No. 2 | 1988 | 石河子棉花研究所?Shihezi Cotton Research Institute |
| 11 | 塔什干2号?Tashigan No. 2 | 1991 | 前苏联?Soviet Union |
| 12 | 苏K-202?Su K-202 | 1991 | 前苏联费尔干试验站?Fergana Test Station of Soviet Union |
| 13 | 新陆中4号?Xinluzhong No. 4 | 1992 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
| 14 | 新陆早13号?Xinluzao No. 13 | 2002 | 新疆农七师农业科学研究所 Agricultural Institute of the Seventh Agricultural Division of Xinjiang |
| 15 | 新陆早19号?Xinluzao No. 19 | 2004 | 石河子棉花研究所?Shihezi Cotton Research Institute |
| 16 | 新陆早31号?Xinluzao No. 31 | 2006 | 新疆奎屯万氏棉种公司?Wanshi Cotton Seed Company in Kuitun, Xinjiang |
| 17 | 新陆中35号?Xinluzhong No. 35 | 2007 | 新疆巴州富全新科种业?Fuquanxinke Seed Industry in Bazhou, Xinjiang |
| 18 | 新陆中40号?Xinluzhong No. 40 | 2009 | 库尔勒市种子公司?Seed Company of Korla City |
| 19 | 新陆早48号?Xinluzao No. 48 | 2010 | 惠远公司?Huiyuan Company |
| 20 | 新陆早50号?Xinluzao No. 50 | 2011 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
| 21 | 新陆早57号?Xinluzao No. 57 | 2013 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
| 22 | TM-1 (遗传标准系 Genetic standard system) | 美国?USA |
下载: 导出CSV表2不同棉花品种产量及其构成因素
Table2.Yield components of different cotton cultivars
| 品种编号 No. of cultivar | 单株铃数 Boll numbers per plant | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg?hm-2) | 衣分 Lint percent (%) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg?hm-2) | 经济系数 Economic coefficient (g?g-1) |
| 1 | 2.6±0.32klm | 4.29±0.25bcdef | 2 146.7±321.6hij | 29.1±0.65k | 625.5±80.4jk | 0.192±0.05gh |
| 2 | 4.1±0.03efg | 4.50±0.03abcde | 3 506.5±14.6 de | 31.2±1.75ijk | 1 095.8±64.8efg | 0.250±0.07cde |
| 3 | 2.1±0.10m | 4.72±0.06ab | 1 929.6±72.2ij | 32.2±0.35hij | 620.5±16.6jk | 0.166±0.02jkl |
| 4 | 3.0±0.47jkl | 4.71±0.27ab | 2 665.9±545.2fgh | 31.6±0.60ijk | 841.3±159.7ghij | 0.203±0.04gh |
| 5 | 3.6±0.17ghij | 4.06±0.05ef | 2 826.8±127.7fg | 31.5±2.46ijk | 889.4±55.6fghi | 0.208±0.01hj |
| 6 | 3.7±0.32ghi | 4.91±0.11a | 3 505.9±216.9de | 29.9±0.64jk | 1 048.2±79.2efgh | 0.249±0.06efg |
| 7 | 2.7±0.23klm | 4.08±0.01ef | 2 125.9±166.8hij | 31.8±0.80hijk | 675.5±69.3ijk | 0.166±0.04ijkl |
| 8 | 4.3±0.42defg | 4.51±0.31abcde | 3 721.7±123.2cde | 37.5±0.61cde | 1 394.2±66.6cd | 0.329±0.01hijk |
| 9 | 5.6±0.15b | 4.56±0.22abcd | 4 883.0±140.7b | 37.0±0.36de | 1 807.8±34.5b | 0.212±0.03bcde |
| 10 | 5.3±0.29bc | 4.12±0.18def | 4 147.9±346.6c | 37.0±0.65de | 1 533.0±118.9c | 0.309±0.01hij |
| 11 | 2.0±0.14m | 4.65±0.11abc | 1 808.8±114.0j | 32.8±0.53ghi | 593.4±46.4k | 0.148±0.01kl |
| 12 | 3.1±0.03ijkl | 4.17±0.03def | 2 455.4±54.3ghi | 31.5±0.63ijk | 772.9±14.5ijk | 0.119±0.02gh |
| 13 | 2.4±0.28lm | 4.01±0.31f | 1 864.2±328.1ij | 32.4±1.00hij | 604.7±95.6jk | 0.116±0.03l |
| 14 | 3.2±0.17hijk | 3.94±0.09f | 2 436.0±179.9ghij | 34.3±0.47fgh | 835.0±68.6hijk | 0.168±0.01hi |
| 15 | 3.9±0.19fgh | 4.15±0.08def | 3 058.2±98.2efg | 39.2±0.76bcd | 1 198.5±16.5de | 0.205±0.04efg |
| 16 | 4.1±0.09defg | 4.93±0.09a | 3 917.1±64.1cd | 35.3±0.33efg | 1 384.3±34.9cd | 0.251±0.05bc |
| 17 | 4.9±0.21bcd | 4.26±0.13cdef | 3 968.9±75.2cd | 40.0±1.39abc | 1 587.5±85.7bc | 0.269±0.04hij |
| 18 | 4.5±0.06def | 4.79±0.18a | 4 117.9±170.3cd | 33.8±0.31fghi | 1 390.8±66.2cd | 0.249±0.02bcd |
| 19 | 4.8±0.23cde | 4.04±0.07f | 3 686.7±139.8cde | 39.6±0.87bcd | 1 458.7±36.8c | 0.249±0.04def |
| 20 | 6.6±0.44a | 4.25±0.10cdef | 5 407.7±232.6ab | 42.4±0.95a | 2 294.8±150.1a | 0.236±0.02b |
| 21 | 6.7±0.41a | 4.49±0.03abcde | 5 799.4±393.9a | 41.6±0.75ab | 2 408.9±206.2a | 0.314±0.04a |
| 22 | 3.9±0.14fg | 4.21±0.12cdef | 3 162.8±40.1ef | 35.6±0.30ef | 1 124.8±12.7ef | 0.282±0.00fgh |
| 平均?Mean | 4.0±1.32 | 4.38±0.31 | 3 324.4±1 130.1 | 34.9±3.90 | 1 190.3±521.29 | 0.220±0.06 |
| 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 28.96 | 12.69 | 1.01 | 5.66 | 1.92 | 111.75 |
| 各品种具体介绍见表 1。表中数据为平均值±标准误; 不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异达5%显著水平。Detail information of cultivars is shown in the table 1. Data are means ± SE. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences at 5% leve1 among different cultivars. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3不同年代棉花品种氮偏生产力和利用效率变化情况
Table3.Changes in nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton cultivars released in different years
| 年份 Year | 品种数 Cultivars number | 阶段 Stage | 生物量 Biomass (kg?hm-2) | 氮素累积量 N accumulation (kg?hm-2) | 经济系数 Economic coefficient (g?g-1) | 皮棉产量 Lint production (kg ?hm-2) | 氮素偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of N (kg?kg-1) | 氮利用效率 N use efficiency (kg?kg-1) |
| 1954—1973 | 6 | 前期?Early stage | 12 973.6±533.9b | 367.2±11.9b | 0.21±0.01a | 853.6±82.6b | 4.12±0.40b | 2.32±0.21a |
| 1974—1993 | 7 | 中期?Medium stage | 15 646.7±1 709.7ab | 451.0±58.6ab | 0.20±0.03a | 1 054.5±192.1ab | 5.09±0.92ab | 2.52±0.50a |
| 1994—2013 | 8 | 后期?Later stage | 17 251.0±1 233.7a | 506.4±38.8a | 0.24±0.02a | 1 569.8±188.3a | 7.58±0.91a | 3.07±0.24a |
下载: 导出CSV表4不同棉花品种的氮效率综合评价
Table4.Comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen efficiency of different cotton cultivars
| 品种 编号 No. of cultivar | 评价指标?Evaluation index | 隶属函数值?Subordinate function value | D | 位次 Order | |||||||||||||||||
| 生物量 Biomass (kg?hm-2) | 单株 铃数 Boll numbers per plant | 单 铃重 Boll weight (g) | 籽棉 产量 Seed cotton yield (kg?hm-2) | 衣分 Ginning outtum (%) | 皮棉 产量 Lint cotton yield (kg?hm-2) | 氮素偏 生产力 PFPN (kg?kg-1) | 利用 效率 NUE (kg?kg-1) | u(1) | u(2) | u(3) | u(4) | u(5) | u(6) | u(7) | u(8) | ||||||
| 1 | 11 153.5 | 2.6 | 4.29 | 2 146.7 | 29.1 | 625.5 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.124 | 0.347 | 0.085 | 0 | 0.018 | 0.017 | 0.196 | 0.077 | 21 | |||
| 2 | 14 303.3 | 4.1 | 4.50 | 3 506.5 | 31.2 | 1 095.8 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 0.265 | 0.433 | 0.563 | 0.426 | 0.159 | 0.277 | 0.276 | 0.486 | 0.354 | 12 | |||
| 3 | 11 612.9 | 2.1 | 4.72 | 1 929.6 | 32.2 | 620.5 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 0.039 | 0.022 | 0.783 | 0.030 | 0.227 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.206 | 0.083 | 20 | |||
| 4 | 13 116.0 | 3.0 | 4.71 | 2 665.9 | 31.6 | 841.3 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 0.165 | 0.197 | 0.770 | 0.215 | 0.182 | 0.137 | 0.136 | 0.393 | 0.219 | 15 | |||
| 5 | 13 564.3 | 3.6 | 4.06 | 2 826.8 | 31.5 | 889.4 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 0.203 | 0.342 | 0.119 | 0.255 | 0.175 | 0.163 | 0.163 | 0.350 | 0.234 | 14 | |||
| 6 | 14 091.6 | 3.7 | 4.91 | 3 505.9 | 29.9 | 1 049.2 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 0.247 | 0.361 | 0.974 | 0.426 | 0.059 | 0.251 | 0.251 | 0.489 | 0.34 | 13 | |||
| 7 | 12 797.4 | 2.7 | 4.08 | 2 125.9 | 31.8 | 675.5 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 0.138 | 0.146 | 0.144 | 0.080 | 0.198 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.265 | 0.118 | 18 | |||
| 8 | 11 313.3 | 4.3 | 4.51 | 3 721.7 | 37.5 | 1 394.2 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 0.013 | 0.485 | 0.568 | 0.480 | 0.626 | 0.441 | 0.441 | 0.939 | 0.496 | 7 | |||
| 9 | 23 048.2 | 5.6 | 4.56 | 4 883.0 | 37.0 | 1 807.8 | 8.7 | 3.1 | 1.000 | 0.759 | 0.615 | 0.771 | 0.593 | 0.669 | 0.669 | 0.516 | 0.703 | 3 | |||
| 10 | 13 444.9 | 5.3 | 4.12 | 4 147.8 | 37.0 | 1 533.0 | 7.4 | 4.4 | 0.193 | 0.686 | 0.184 | 0.587 | 0.588 | 0.518 | 0.517 | 0.850 | 0.561 | 5 | |||
| 11 | 12 230.4 | 2.0 | 4.65 | 1 808.8 | 32.8 | 593.4 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 0.091 | 0 | 0.714 | 0 | 0.276 | 0 | 0 | 0.271 | 0.085 | 19 | |||
| 12 | 20 581.9 | 3.1 | 4.17 | 2 455.4 | 31.5 | 772.9 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 0.793 | 0.222 | 0.234 | 0.162 | 0.176 | 0.099 | 0.098 | 0.052 | 0.200 | 16 | |||
| 13 | 16 110.6 | 2.4 | 4.01 | 1 864.2 | 32.4 | 604.7 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 0.417 | 0.085 | 0.067 | 0.014 | 0.248 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0 | 0.075 | 22 | |||
| 14 | 14 475.4 | 3.2 | 3.94 | 2 435.9 | 34.3 | 835.0 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 0.279 | 0.255 | 0 | 0.157 | 0.386 | 0.133 | 0.133 | 0.274 | 0.199 | 17 | |||
| 15 | 14 883.7 | 3.9 | 4.15 | 3 058.2 | 39.2 | 1 198.5 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 0.314 | 0.388 | 0.206 | 0.313 | 0.756 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.358 | 0.356 | 10 | |||
| 16 | 15 626.3 | 4.1 | 4.93 | 3 917.1 | 35.3 | 1 384.3 | 6.7 | 3.5 | 0.376 | 0.450 | 0.994 | 0.529 | 0.466 | 0.436 | 0.435 | 0.615 | 0.490 | 9 | |||
| 17 | 14 732.4 | 4.9 | 4.26 | 3 968.8 | 40.0 | 1 587.4 | 7.7 | 5.0 | 0.301 | 0.604 | 0.319 | 0.542 | 0.816 | 0.548 | 0.547 | 0.999 | 0.603 | 4 | |||
| 18 | 22 124.3 | 4.5 | 4.79 | 4 117.9 | 33.8 | 1 390.8 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 0.922 | 0.524 | 0.845 | 0.579 | 0.348 | 0.439 | 0.439 | 0.365 | 0.520 | 6 | |||
| 19 | 14 833.7 | 4.8 | 4.04 | 3 686.7 | 39.6 | 1 458.7 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 0.309 | 0.581 | 0.102 | 0.471 | 0.784 | 0.477 | 0.476 | 0.589 | 0.494 | 8 | |||
| 20 | 22 905.2 | 6.6 | 4.25 | 5 407.7 | 42.4 | 2 294.8 | 11.1 | 3.6 | 0.988 | 0.982 | 0.310 | 0.903 | 1.000 | 0.937 | 0.937 | 0.631 | 0.882 | 2 | |||
| 21 | 18 426.7 | 6.7 | 4.49 | 5 794.4 | 41.6 | 2 408.9 | 11.6 | 3.7 | 0.611 | 1.001 | 0.554 | 1.000 | 0.935 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.660 | 0.891 | 1 | |||
| 22 | 11 203.8 | 3.9 | 4.21 | 3 162.7 | 35.6 | 1 124.8 | 5.4 | 3.9 | 0.004 | 0.403 | 0.269 | 0.340 | 0.483 | 0.293 | 0.292 | 0.709 | 0.356 | 13 | |||
| 各品种序号及具体介绍见表 1。PFPN: partial factor productivity of nitrogen. NUE: nitrogen use efficiency. Detail information of cultivars is shown in the table 1. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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