周明华1,,,
张博文1, 2,
李子阳1, 2,
朱波1
1.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610041
2.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
基金项目: 水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项2017ZX07101001
国家自然科学基金项目41573079
详细信息
作者简介:林洪羽, 主要研究方向为土壤碳氮循环。E-mail:linhongyu17@mails.ucas.ac.cn
通讯作者:周明华, 主要研究方向为碳氮生物地球化学循环与全球变化。E-mail:mhuazhou@imde.ac.cn
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出版历程
收稿日期:2019-08-19
录用日期:2019-09-30
刊出日期:2020-01-01
Effect of long-term application of biochar and straw on soil organic carbon in purple soil aggregates of sloping uplands
LIN Hongyu1, 2,,ZHOU Minghua1,,,
ZHANG Bowen1, 2,
LI Ziyang1, 2,
ZHU Bo1
1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: the National Science and Technology Major Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China2017ZX07101001
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41573079
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Corresponding author:ZHOU Minghua, E-mail:mhuazhou@imde.ac.cn
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摘要
摘要:依托紫色土坡耕地长期施肥试验观测平台，研究生物炭、秸秆对紫色土坡耕地团聚体有机碳分布的影响。长期施肥试验处理包括不施肥（CK）、无机氮磷钾肥（NPK）、秸秆还田（RSD）、生物炭与无机氮磷钾配施（BCNPK）、秸秆与无机氮磷钾配施（RSDNPK）。利用湿筛法，进行土壤团聚体粒径分组，随后测定各粒径团聚体含量及其有机碳含量，并计算团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）。结果表明，RSD、RSDNPK和BCNPK处理的表层SOC含量比CK处理增加43.1%~90.5%，SOC储量提高65.1%~74.3%，其中RSDNPK处理、BCNPK处理较NPK处理SOC显著增加25.2%~33.1%（P < 0.05），SOC储量显著提高23.2%~30.0%（P < 0.05）。团聚体MWD和GMD均为RSD处理> RSDNPK处理> BCNPK处理> NPK处理> CK处理；RSD处理0.25~2 mm的团聚体含量高达45.5%，较CK处理提高57.7%；秸秆和生物炭配施处理（RSDNPK处理和BCNPK处理）0.25~2 mm的团聚体含量为41.3%~45.7%，而 < 0.053 mm粒径团聚体含量却降低54.1%~55.4%。NPK处理、RSD处理与CK处理的增长趋势相似，呈随团聚体粒径减小，团聚体有机碳含量先增大后减小，继而再增大的趋势；而RSDNPK、BCNPK处理则呈随粒径减小团聚体有机碳含量增加的趋势。生物炭和秸秆的施用能显著提升土壤有机碳含量，增强土壤结构稳定性，但生物碳的施用对提升土壤有机碳含量效果优于秸秆的施用，秸秆的施用对稳定土壤结构效果更优，因此生物炭和秸秆的施用可作为紫色土耕地土壤肥力维持和提升的有效管理措施。
关键词:土壤团聚体/
生物炭/
秸秆/
土壤有机碳/
紫色土
Abstract:The effects of biochar and straw application on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in purple soil aggregations of sloping uplands were explored from a long-term perspective. Five long-term fertilization treatments were included:no fertilizer (control, CK), mineral fertilizer application (NPK), crop straw residue application (RSD), a combined application of biochar and mineral fertilizer (BCNPK), and a combined application of crop straw residue and mineral fertilizer (RSDNPK). Soil samples were separated into > 2 mm large macroaggregates, 0.25-2 mm small macroaggregates, 0.053-0.25 mm microaggregates, and < 0.053 mm slit-clay microaggregates by sieving. The mass fraction of soil aggregations, organic carbon content, mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter of aggregations were measured. The results showed that the application of biochar and straw increased SOC content and stabilized the structure of aggregations compared with both CK and NPK treatments. In comparison with CK, SOC contents significantly increased by 43.1% under NPK treatment, 82.9% under RSD treatment, 79.1% under RSDNPK treatment, and 90.5% under BCNPK treatment. SOC stocks of topsoil increased significantly by 34.0% under NPK treatment, 68.2% under RSD treatment, 65.2% under RSDNPK treatment, and 74.3% under BCNPK treatment compared with CK treatment. In addition, the content of 0.25-2 mm aggregates of RSD treatment reached 45.5%, which was 57.7% higher than that of CK; more soil aggregations were concentrated on 0.25-2 mm aggregates. As compared with CK, the SOC content of 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates was reduced by straw and biochar treatments. The trends for NPK and RSD treatments were similar to those for CK, but RSDNPK and BCNPK treatment showed an increasing trend in organic carbon content in aggregates with decreased particle size. RSDNPK and BCNPK treatments significantly increased the SOC content and enhanced the stability of soil structure, but BCNPK treatment was superior to RSDNPK treatment in increasing SOC content, and RSDNPK treatment was more effective in stabilizing soil structure. BCNPK treatment and RSDNPK treatment are therefore effective management measures that can maintain and improve soil fertility of purple-soil-cultivated land.
Key words:Soil aggregates/
Biochar/
Crop straw/
Soil organic carbon/
Purple soil
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图1长期不同施肥处理不同粒径土壤团聚体含量
CK:不施肥对照; NPK:氮磷钾无机肥配施; RSD:秸秆还田; RSDNPK:秸秆还田与氮磷钾配施; BCNPK:生物炭与氮磷钾配施。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Percentages of different size soil aggregates under different long-term fertilization treatments
CK: no fertilization; NPK: inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization; RSD: straw returning; RSDNPK: straw returning combined with NPK; BCNPK: biochar application combined with NPK. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1长期不同施肥处理下表层(0~20 cm)土壤基本理化性质
Table1.Physicochemical properties of the 0-20 cm soil layer under different long-term fertilization treatments
| 处理 Treatment | 有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 有机碳储量 Organic carbon stocked (g·m-2) | 全氮储量 Total nitrogen stocked (g·m-2) |
| CK | 2.11±0.21d | 0.30±0.03d | 1.39±0.03a | 41.86±0.10c | 5.95±0.71d |
| NPK | 3.02±0.38c | 0.56±0.05c | 1.30±0.01b | 56.10±0.45b | 10.40±0.60c |
| RSD | 3.86±0.09ab | 0.50±0.10c | 1.31±0.01b | 70.42±1.05a | 9.12±0.11c |
| RSDNPK | 3.78±0.25b | 0.81±0.05a | 1.26±0.04c | 69.14±1.20a | 14.82±0.23a |
| BCNPK | 4.02±0.12a | 0.63±0.04b | 1.25±0.04c | 72.98±0.60a | 11.44±0.18b |
| CK:不施肥对照; NPK:氮磷钾无机肥配施; RSD:秸秆还田; RSDNPK:秸秆还田与氮磷钾配施; BCNPK:生物炭与氮磷钾配施。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: no fertilization; NPK: inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization; RSD: straw returning; RSDNPK: straw returning combined with NPK; BCNPK: biochar application combined with NPK. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表2长期不同施肥处理土壤团聚体稳定性
Table2.Stability of soil aggregates under different long-term fertilization treatments
| 处理 Treatment | MWD (mm) | GMD (mm) | R0.25 (%) |
| CK | 0.49±0.01d | 0.24±0.01c | 0.34±0.02d |
| NPK | 0.57±0.01c | 0.30±0.02b | 0.41±0.02c |
| RSD | 0.71±0.02a | 0.39±0.01a | 0.53±0.03a |
| BCNPK | 0.59±0.03c | 0.31±0.02b | 0.49±0.01b |
| RSDNPK | 0.64±0.02b | 0.33±0.03b | 0.44±0.02b |
| WMD:团聚体平均重量直径; GMD:团聚体平均几何直径; R0.25: > 0.25 mm团聚体含量。CK:不施肥对照; NPK:氮磷钾无机肥配施; RSD:秸秆还田; RSDNPK:秸秆还田与氮磷钾配施; BCNPK:生物炭与氮磷钾配施。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。WMD: mean weight diameter of aggregates; GMD: mean geometric diameter of aggregates; R0.25: content of aggregates > 0.25 mm. CK: no fertilization; NPK: inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization; RSD: straw returning; RSDNPK: straw returning combined with NPK; BCNPK: biochar application combined with NPK. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. | |||
下载: 导出CSV表3长期不同施肥处理各粒级团聚体有机碳(SOC)含量
Table3.Organic carbon contents of different size soil aggregates under different long-term fertilization treatments
| 处理 Treatment | 有机碳含量Organic carbon content (g·kg-1) | |||
| > 2 mm | 0.25~2 mm | 0.053~0.25 mm | < 0.053 mm | |
| CK | 2.42±0.59Bd | 3.63±0.59Ac | 2.65±0.54Ac | 3.54±0.55Ad |
| NPK | 3.30±0.79Bc | 4.80±0.76Ab | 4.19±0.76Ab | 5.21±0.74Ac |
| RSD | 4.91±0.61Ba | 5.99±0.77Aa | 4.81±0.78Ba | 6.69±0.66Aa |
| BCNPK | 4.23±0.91Bb | 5.12±0.82Ab | 6.20±0.88Aa | 6.38±0.79Ab |
| RSDNPK | 4.64±0.90Ba | 5.51±0.86Ba | 6.03±0.91Ba | 7.13±0.93Aa |
| CK:不施肥对照; NPK:氮磷钾无机肥配施; RSD:秸秆还田; RSDNPK:秸秆还田与氮磷钾配施; BCNPK:生物炭与氮磷钾配施。同列不同小写字母表示同一团聚体粒级下不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05), 同行不同大写字母表示同一处理下不同团聚体粒级之间差异显著。CK: no fertilization; NPK: inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization; RSD: straw returning; RSDNPK: straw returning combined with NPK; BCNPK: biochar application combined with NPK. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. Different capital letters in the same row indicate significant differences among aggregates with different sizes at 0.05 level. | ||||
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