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九龙坡花椒种植区地形、土壤肥力与花椒产量的关系

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
杨仕曦1,,
吕广斌1,
黄云1,,,
向华辉2,
王正银1
1.西南大学资源环境学院 重庆 400716
2.重庆市九龙坡区农业技术推广中心 重庆 400039
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目41530855
国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目2013-Chongqing-02

详细信息
作者简介:杨仕曦, 研究方向为植物营养与土壤酸化改良技术。E-mail:751743470@qq.com
通讯作者:黄云, 主要研究方向为植物营养与施肥。E-mail:huangyun1622@126.com
中图分类号:S158.3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-02-21
录用日期:2019-07-20
刊出日期:2019-12-01

Relationships of Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield with topography and soil fertility in Jiulongpo area

YANG Shixi1,,
LYU Guangbin1,
HUANG Yun1,,,
XIANG Huahui2,
WANG Zhengyin1
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
2. Extension Centre of Agricultural Techniques of Jiulongpo District in Chongqing, Chongqing 400039, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41530855
the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Funded Project2013-Chongqing-02

More Information
Corresponding author:HUANG Yun, E-mail:huangyun1622@126.com


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摘要
摘要:为了解九龙坡花椒种植区土壤养分状况及该区地形因子、土壤肥力因子与花椒产量的关系，为科学合理制定花椒高效施肥措施提供理论依据，本研究采用田间调查研究和室内分析的方法，研究了九龙坡花椒种植区低、中、高产区的海拔、坡度及土壤pH、有机质、大量微量元素含量和交换性能的变化特征，及其与花椒产量的关系。研究结果表明：九龙坡花椒普遍种植于200~500 m海拔范围，高产区集中在300 m左右的海拔；从低产区到高产区坡度略有增加，但未达显著水平。土壤均属酸性土，pH < 6.5。土壤肥力总体属高水平范围，但各养分因子差异很大，其中土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）、有效磷、有效钙、有效镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌含量丰富，分别为27.2 cmol（+）·kg-1、35.2 mg·kg-1、3 289.8 mg·kg-1、271.8 mg·kg-1、48.6 mg·kg-1、62.1 mg·kg-1、1.5 mg·kg-1、4.5 mg·kg-1；有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性酸属适中水平，分别为19.1 mg·kg-1、114.9 mg·kg-1、107.0 mg·kg-1、8.1 cmol（+）·kg-1；水溶性硼缺乏，为0.28 mg·kg-1。相关分析表明花椒产量与有效钙、CEC、pH、有效锰、水溶性硼呈显著正相关；通径分析结果表明有效钙、CEC、交换性酸、有效铜、有效铁、有效锌是影响花椒产量的主要因子，逐步回归分析构建了有效钙（X6）与花椒产量（Y）的最优回归线性方程：Y=11.693+0.003X6。综上所述，九龙坡花椒种植区土壤养分失衡较为严重，施肥应注重养分的平衡，增施有机肥，改善土壤理化性状，治理土壤酸化。
Abstract:The relationships of soil nutrient conditions and topography with production in Jiulongpo Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting areas was studied through a field investigation-based research and lab analysis to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and effective fertilization practices. The characteristics of altitude and slope, and soil pH, organic matter content, macro- and micro-elements content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchange acidity as well as Z. bungeanum yeild in low-, medium and high-yield areas of Z. bungeanum were investigated. The results showed that Z. bungeanum was generally planted at altitudes between 200 and 500 meters in Jiulongpo, and the altitude of the high-yield area was approximately 300 meters. The slope from low-to high-yield areas appeared to be slight increase but not obvious. The soil was acidic, with a pH < 6.5; and soil fertility was high, with large differences in nutrient factors. CEC and available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc were abundant at 27.2 cmol(+)·kg-1, 35.2 mg·kg-1, 3 289.8 mg·kg-1, 271.8 mg·kg-1, 48.6 mg·kg-1, 62.1 mg·kg-1, 1.5 mg·kg-1, and 4.5 mg·kg-1, respectively. Organic matter and available nitrogen, potassium and exchange acid were at a moderate levels of 19.1 mg·kg-1, 114.9 mg·kg-1, 107.0 mg·kg-1 and 8.1 cmol(+)·kg-1, respectively. The content of water-soluble boron was a relatively low 0.28 mg·kg-1. Z. bungeanum yield exhibited a positive correlation with available calcium, CEC, pH, available manganese, and water-soluble boron. Available calcium, CEC, exchange acidity, and available copper, iron, and zinc were the main influencing factors on yield. An optimal linear regression equation of available calcium (X6) and yield (Y) was established based on stepwise regression analysis (Y=11.693 + 0.003X6). In conclusion, soil nutrient in Jiulongpo Z. bungeanum area was imbalanced seriously, more attention should be paid to balancing fertilization, increasing organic fertilizer, improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, and relieving soil acidification.

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图1不同花椒产区海拔与坡度因子分布状况
不同字母表示不同产区间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Distribution of elevation and slope factors in different Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield areas
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among different yield areas.


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表1不同产区花椒产量水平
Table1.Production levels of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in different yield areas
产区Yield area 产量Yield
(kg·tree-1)		 变幅Range
(kg·tree-1)		 变异系数
CV (%)
低产区Low-yield area 12.77±1.68c 9.84~14.73 13.1
中产区
Medium-yield area		 19.97±2.74b 15.68~23.37 13.7
高产区High-yield area 28.32±2.84a 25.51~33.12 10.1
产量表示为平均值±标准差, 同列不同小写字母表示不同产区间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Yield was expressed as mean ± S.D., and different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among different yield areas.


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表2花椒不同产区土壤肥力特征
Table2.Characteristics of soil fertility in different yield areas of Zanthoxylum bungeanum
指标
Index		 项目
Item		 全产区
Entire region		 低产区
Low-yield area		 中产区
Medium-yield area		 高产区
High-yield area
pH 平均值Mean 5.1±0.7 4.8±0.7b 5.1±0.7ab 5.4±0.7a
变幅Range 4.0~6.4 4.0~6.1 4.4~6.4 4.4~6.3
CV (%) 13.82 13.69 12.74 13.82
有机质
Organic matter		 平均值Mean (g·kg-1) 19.1±7.3 16.6±5.8a 20.6±9.2a 20.3±6.7a
变幅Range (g·kg-1) 8.7~36.9 8.7~25.3 10.2~36.9 8.7~30.7
CV (%) 35.06 44.51 33.30 38.41
碱解氮
Available N		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 114.9±47.5 129.7±49.6a 108.8±48.7a 106.2±45.5a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 43.2~215.0 75.0~213.9 43.2~187.4 60.1~215
CV (%) 38.26 44.74 42.83 41.34
有效磷
Available P		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 35.2±33.9 30.2±19.1a 34.2±39.4a 41.3±41.6a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 2.1~124.0 5.2~63.6 2.1~123.4 4.6~124.0
CV (%) 63.09 115.36 100.71 96.43
速效钾
Available K		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 107.0±75.8 89.8±56.8b 125.0±97.4a 106.2±71.6ab
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 15~293 15~210 25~270 33~293
CV (%) 63.22 77.96 67.43 70.88
有效钙
Available Ca		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 3 289.8±1 536.5 2 486.0±1 562.4b 2 868.6±966.6b 4 515.0±1 284.2a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 605.1~6 282.5 605.1~4 619.6 1 809.4~4 499.4 1 931.3~6 282.5
CV (%) 62.85 33.70 28.44 46.71
有效镁
Available Mg		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 271.8±75.1 238.7±67.4b 265.7±94.2ab 311.1±42.2a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 127.5~435.5 127.5~326.5 167.3~435.5 241.1~366.9
CV (%) 28.22 35.44 13.57 27.61
阳离子交换量
Cation exchange capacity		 平均值Mean [cmol(+)·kg-1] 27.2±7.9 22.7±7.5b 25.3±5.5b 33.6±6.5a
变幅Range [cmol(+)·kg-1] 13.0~42.4 13.0~32.8 14.8~31.0 20.9~42.4
CV (%) 32.86 21.97 19.28 29.02
交换性酸
Exchange acidity		 平均值Mean [cmol(+)·kg-1] 8.1±3.2 8.25±3.6a 8.23±4.0a 7.8±2.2a
变幅Range [cmol(+)·kg-1] 1.52~13.71 1.52~13.30 3.05~13.70 4.57~11.10
CV (%) 43.29 48.97 27.53 39.91
有效铁
Available Fe		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 48.6±74.5 63.2±92.1a 61.1±82.5a 21.3±36.8b
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 1.2~288.0 1.4~288.0 1.2~214.5 1.2~102.0
CV (%) 145.67 134.85 172.95 153.41
有效锰
Available Mn		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 62.1±34.1 43.6±25.3b 64.7±41.4ab 78.0±27.2a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 10.7~160.0 10.7~79.2 19.2~160.0 33.1~116.0
CV (%) 57.90 63.87 34.81 54.94
有效铜
Available Cu		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 1.5±1.2 1.9±1.7a 1.5±0.9a 1.1±0.7a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 0.21~6.06 0.21~6.06 0.42~2.94 0.23~1.96
CV (%) 90.20 61.08 61.58 79.70
有效锌
Available Zn		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 4.5±3.1 3.5±2.1a 5.4±4.6a 4.5±1.5a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 0.10~15.54 0.10~6.24 0.33~15.54 1.67~6.85
CV (%) 59.79 85.76 33.59 68.61
水溶性硼
Water soluble B		 平均值Mean (mg·kg-1) 0.28±0.12 0.23±0.10b 0.28±0.10ab 0.35±0.13 a
变幅Range (mg·kg-1) 0.09~0.64 0.09~0.36 0.13~0.47 0.17~0.64
CV (%) 44.46 38.42 38.49 42.82
同行不同小写字母表示不同产区间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same line indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among different yield areas.


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表3花椒产量与地形因子、土壤肥力因子的相关矩阵(r值)
Table3.Correlation matrix (r value) of Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield and topographic and soil fertility factors
Ele Slo pH OM AN AP AK ACa AMg CEC EA AFe AMn ACu AZn WB
Y 0.090 0.187 0.403* 0.145 -0.142 0.065 0.002 0.587** 0.346 0.570** -0.140 -0.211 0.390* -0.309 0.019 0.388*
Ele -0.040 0.079 0.176 -0.196 0.186 -0.282 -0.080 -0.099 -0.021 0.194 0.006 0.027 -0.041 -0.047 0.330
Slo 0.220 0.113 0.055 0.121 0.330 0.356 0.111 0.304 -0.174 -0.079 0.226 -0.221 0.272 0.265
pH 0.052 0.047 -0.100 0.189 0.543** 0.442* 0.332 -0.616** -0.378* 0.381* -0.524** -0.090 0.235
OM 0.931** 0.330 0.406* 0.097 -0.086 0.180 0.194 -0.014 0.189 0.060 0.638** 0.144
AN -0.306 -0.315 -0.043 0.130 -0.139 -0.252 -0.014 -0.199 -0.162 -0.537** -0.156
AP 0.433* 0.199 -0.294 0.350 0.411* -0.319 0.059 -0.243 0.201 0.054
AK 0.268 0.050 0.288 0.003 -0.385* 0.170 -0.404* 0.526** 0.147
ACa 0.636** 0.912** -0.360 -0.438* 0.708** -0.391* -0.088 0.309
AMg 0.613** -0.286 -0.306 0.597** -0.324 0.007 0.276
CEC 0.046 -0.449* 0.782** -0.339 0.109 0.323
EA 0.076 0.021 0.233 0.415* -0.052
AFe -0.347 0.786** -0.110 -0.268
AMn -0.312 0.066 0.157
ACu -0.013 -0.139
AZn 0.268
Y:产量; Ele:海拔; Slo:坡度; OM:有机质; AN:碱解氮; AP:有效磷; AK:速效钾; ACa:有效钙; AMg:有效镁; CEC:阳离子交换量; EA:交换性酸; AFe:有效铁; AMn:有效锰; ACu:有效铜; AZn:有效锌; WB:水溶性硼。*表示在0.05水平上显著相关(P < 0.05); **表示在0.01水平上显著相关(P < 0.01)。Y: yield; Ele: elevation; Slo: slope; OM: organic matter; AN: alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen; AP: available phosphorus; AK: available potassium; ACa: available calcium; AMg: available magnesium; CEC: cation exchange capacity; EA: exchangeable acid; AFe: effective iron; AMn: effective manganese; ACu: effective copper; AZn: effective zinc; WB: water-soluble boron. * indicates a significant correlation at 0.05 level; ** indicates a significant correlation at 0.01 level.


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表4土壤肥力因子对花椒产量(Y)的通径系数
Table4.Path coefficients of soil fertility factors to Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield (Y)
因子
Factor		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient		 间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 合计
Total
X1 0.215 -0.007 0.005 0.030 -0.067 1.642 -0.123 -0.609 -0.751 -0.166 -0.084 0.305 -0.035 0.049 0.188
X2 -0.140 0.011 0.097 -0.100 -0.145 0.293 0.024 -0.330 0.236 -0.006 -0.042 -0.035 0.251 0.030 0.285
X3 0.104 0.010 -0.130 0.093 0.112 -0.130 -0.036 0.255 -0.307 -0.006 0.044 0.094 -0.211 -0.032 -0.246
X4 -0.303 -0.021 -0.046 -0.032 -0.154 0.602 0.082 -0.642 0.501 -0.140 -0.013 0.141 0.079 0.011 0.368
X5 -0.356 0.041 -0.057 -0.033 -0.131 0.811 -0.014 -0.528 0.004 -0.169 -0.037 0.235 0.207 0.030 0.358
X6 3.024 0.117 -0.014 -0.004 -0.060 -0.095 -0.177 -1.673 -0.439 -0.192 -0.156 0.228 -0.035 0.064 -2.437
X7 -0.279 0.095 0.012 0.013 0.089 -0.018 1.924 -1.124 -0.349 -0.134 -0.131 0.189 0.003 0.057 0.625
X8 -1.834 0.071 -0.025 -0.014 -0.106 -0.103 2.758 -0.171 0.056 -0.197 -0.172 0.197 0.043 0.067 2.404
X9 1.219 -0.132 -0.027 -0.026 -0.125 -0.001 -1.089 0.080 -0.084 0.033 -0.005 -0.136 0.163 -0.011 -1.359
X10 0.439 -0.081 0.002 -0.001 0.097 0.137 -1.325 0.085 0.824 0.093 0.076 -0.458 -0.043 -0.055 -0.650
X11 -0.220 0.082 -0.026 -0.021 -0.018 -0.061 2.141 -0.167 -1.434 0.026 -0.152 0.182 0.026 0.032 0.610
X12 -0.582 -0.113 -0.008 -0.017 0.074 0.144 -1.183 0.090 0.622 0.284 0.345 0.069 -0.005 -0.029 0.273
X13 0.394 -0.019 -0.089 -0.056 -0.061 -0.187 -0.266 -0.002 -0.200 0.506 -0.048 -0.015 0.008 0.055 -0.375
X14 0.207 0.050 -0.020 -0.016 -0.016 -0.052 0.935 -0.077 -0.593 -0.063 -0.118 -0.035 0.081 0.106 0.181
X1: pH; X2:有机质; X3:碱解氮; X4:有效磷; X5:速效钾; X6:有效钙; X7:有效镁; X8:阳离子交换量; X9:交换性酸; X10:有效铁; X11:有效锰; X12:有效铜; X13:有效锌; X14:水溶性硼。X1: pH; X2: organic matter; X3: alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen; X4: available phosphorus; X5: available potassium; X6: available calcium; X7: available magnesium; X8: cation exchange capacity; X9: exchangeable acid; X10: available iron; X11: available manganese; X12: available copper; X13: available zinc; X14: water soluble boron.


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表5花椒产量与土壤有效钙的逐步回归分析模型汇总
Table5.Summary of stepwise regression analysis model of Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield and soil available calcium
模型Model R R2 调整R2 Adjust R2 标准估计误差Standard estimate error
1 0.587a 0.344 0.321 5.677 91


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表6花椒产量与土壤有效钙的逐步回归方程系数及检验
Table6.Coefficients and test of stepwise regression equation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum yield and soil available calcium
模型Model 非标准系数Unstandardized coefficient 标准系数试用版
Standard coefficient of trial version		 t Sig.
Beta in 标准误差Standard Error
1 常量Constant 11.693 2.484 4.707 0
X6 0.003 0.001 0.587 3.836 0.001
a:预测变量(常量); X6:有效钙。a: predictor (constant); X6: available calcium.


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