谢宝华^1,,,
路峰²,
韩广轩^1,,
1.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所/中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室/山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室 烟台 264003
2.山东省黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局 东营 257500
基金项目: 中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目KFJ-STS-ZDTP-023
中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目KFJ-EW-STS-127
国家级自然保护区专项资金项目Y639071021

详细信息

通讯作者:谢宝华, 主要研究方向为滨海湿地生态学。E-mail:bhxie@yic.ac.cn
韩广轩, 主要研究方向为滨海湿地生态学。E-mail:gxhan@yic.ac.cn

中图分类号:S45

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-05-05
录用日期:2019-07-25
刊出日期:2019-12-01

Resource utilization of invasive Spartina alterniflora: A review

XIE Baohua^1,,,
LU Feng²,
HAN Guangxuan^1,,
1. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, China
2. Administration Bureau of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Dongying 257500, China
Funds: the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKFJ-STS-ZDTP-023
the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKFJ-EW-STS-127
the Special Funds of National Nature Reserve of ChinaY639071021

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Corresponding author:HAN Guangxuan, E-mail:gxhan@yic.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:外来入侵种互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）在我国的分布面积约为5.46万hm²，每年地上干物质总量为7.5×10⁵~1.15×10⁶ t，其防治与利用受到越来越多的关注，若能将二者结合起来同时进行，可望收获生态和经济双重收益。我国对互花米草利用的研究主要为对秸秆的直接利用，包括燃料化利用、饲料化利用、原料化利用，这些利用方式一般为低值化利用，另有研究涉及互花米草的药用价值和耐盐基因等高值化利用。在所有利用研究中，秸秆燃料化利用占比最大，为43%，秸秆肥料化利用和耐盐基因等其他利用形式的占比最小，合计约为8%。总体而言，过去对互花米草利用的研究集中于加工利用技术这一环节，缺少对互花米草收集技术和市场化推广的研究，未来应该重视互花米草利用产业链的每一个环节，加强研究机构与企业的合作，实现产学研同步配套发展。
Abstract:In China, Spartina alterniflora, an invasive alien plant species, covers an area of approximately 54 600 hectares. The total dry matter of the aboveground part of S. alterniflora is 7.5×10⁵~1.15×10⁶ tons per year. The control and utilization of S. alterniflora have received increasing attention. A combined utilization and control approach could produce simultaneous economic and ecological benefits. Studies of the utilization of S. alterniflora in China tended to focus on the direct utilization of straw, including its use as fuel, feed, and raw material. These methods of utilization were generally low-value. Possible high-value utilization includes the medicinal value of S. alterniflora and its salt-tolerant genes. In all the studies, the largest proportion (43%) of straw was utilized as fuel, whereas the smallest proportion (approximately 8%) was utilized for other purposes, such as fertilizer and for its salt-tolerant genes. Previous studies have focused on utilization technologies, but they have not looked at S. alterniflora collection technology and market promotion. In the future, attention should be paid to every link of the industry chain of S. alterniflora utilization, and cooperation between research institutions and enterprises is essential for the synchronous development of industry, education, and research.

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图1互花米草不同利用方式研究的比例
Figure1.Proportions of studies on different utilization modes of Spartina alterniflora


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图2各省市互花米草年度地上生物量(天津数据为天津与河北之和)
Figure2.Annual amounts of the aboveground biomass of Spartina alterniflora in various provinces (Tianjin data is the sum of Tianjin and Hebei) of China


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表1中国主要分布区的互花米草种群面积
Table1.Population areas of Spartina alterniflora in the main distribution areas of China ?hm²

辽宁 Liaoning	河北 Hebei	天津 Tianjin	山东 Shandong	江苏 Jiangsu	上海 Shanghai	浙江 Zhejiang	福建 Fujian	广东 Guangdong	广西 Guangxi	总计 Total	数据时间 Dataset time	文献 References
57	474	163	686	18 711	4 741	4 812	4 166	546	95	34 451	2007	[17]2)
	241	570	564	17 842	5 336	5 092	3 932	349	251	34 177	2006—2008	[18]
		6841)	3 284	21 843	9 548	9 662	9 485	198	444	55 181	2014	[15]3)
	26	426	2 484	18 363	10 109	14 282	7 267	780	843	54 580	2015	[16]
1)此数据为天津和河北的总和。2)在香港和澳门有零星互花米草, 一般不足200 m2。3)辽宁省和海南省有少量互花米草。1)This data is actually the sum of Tianjin and Hebei. 2) There is a small amount of Spartina alterniflora in Hong Kong and Macao, generally less than 200 m2. 3) In addition, there are a small amount of S. alterniflora in Liaoning Province and Hainan Province.

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表2中国主要分布区生长季末期互花米草地上干物质生物量
Table2.Aboveground dry biomasses of Spartina alterniflora at the end of growing season in the main distribution areas of China kg?hm^-2

	天津 Tianjin	山东 Shandong	江苏 Jiangsu	上海 Shanghai	浙江 Zhejiang	福建 Fujian	广东 Guangdong	广西 Guangxi
生物量范围 Range of biomass	19 220	11 080	17 002	11 141	18 685	15 319	3 100	9 480
	33 470		18 279	16 364	20 426	22 805	7 200	14 640
文献Reference	[21]	[7]	[22]	[22]	[22]	[22]	[19]	[23-24]

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