川西平原土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量特征及其影响因素分析

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吴晓玲^{1, 2,},
张世熔^{1, 2,,},
蒲玉琳³,
徐小逊^{1, 2},
李云³
1.四川农业大学环境学院成都 611130
2.四川省土壤环境保护重点实验室成都 611130
3.四川农业大学资源学院成都 611130
基金项目: 四川省重点研发项目19ZDYF2427
四川省环境保护科技项目计划2018HB30

详细信息

作者简介:吴晓玲, 主要从事土壤生态方面的研究。E-mail:wuxiaoling1222@163.com

通讯作者:张世熔, 主要从事土壤生态与修复方面的研究。E-mail:Srzhang01@aliyun.com

中图分类号:S154.1

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收稿日期:2019-04-29
录用日期:2019-07-22
刊出日期:2019-10-01

Distribution characteristics and impact factors of soil microbial biomass car-bon, nitrogen and phosphorus in western Sichuan plain

WU Xiaoling^{1, 2,},
ZHANG Shirong^{1, 2,,},
PU Yulin³,
XU Xiaoxun^{1, 2},
LI Yun³
1. College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Chengdu 611130, China
3. College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Funds: The study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province19ZDYF2427
the Science and Technology Project for Sichuan Environmental Protection2018HB30

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Corresponding author:ZHANG Sshirong, E-mail: Srzhang01@aliyun.com

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摘要
摘要:本文通过区域调查采样和统计分析，探讨了川西平原土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）、土壤微生物生物量氮（MBN）和土壤微生物生物量磷（MBP）含量特征及其对气候、海拔、母质和土地利用等因素的响应，揭示了其关键影响因素，以期为川西平原地区土壤质量管理提供参考。结果表明，不同土壤类型的MBC、MBN和MBP含量表现为冲积土显著高于水稻土、潮土和黄壤（P < 0.05），潮土MBC/MBN显著高于水稻土。气候和海拔的影响为：MBC、MBN和MBP含量随着≥ 0℃积温、≥ 10℃积温、年均温和年均降水量的增加呈指数减少，而随干燥度和海拔增加呈线性增加。不同成土母质中，MBC、MBN和MBP含量均为灰色冲积物显著高于老冲积物。不同土地利用方式下，三者含量为草地显著高于水田和旱地，水田、旱地和林地差异不显著。皮尔森相关分析和冗余分析表明，MBC和MBN均与≥ 0℃积温、年均温呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01），与海拔呈极显著正相关关系，MBP与母质呈现极显著负相关关系。逐步回归分析表明，MBC主要受年均温、干燥度、年均降水量和母质的影响；MBN主要受海拔、干燥度和年均降水量的综合影响；MBP主要受母质、年均温、≥ 10℃积温和年均降水量的调控。因此，川西平原土壤MBC、MBN、MBP能灵敏地反映不同采样点气候的变化，可为该区气候变化下土壤碳、氮、磷的响应预测提供参考。
Abstract:The characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and soil microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) contents, and their responses to climate, altitude, parent material and land use in the western Sichuan plain were investigated by regional survey and statistical analysis. The key influencing factors were subsequently revealed, which provided theoretical guidance for soil quality management in western Sichuan plain. Results showed that MBC, MBN and MBP were significantly higher in alluvial soil than in paddy soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and yellow earth (P < 0.05); moreover, MBC/MBN of fluvo-aquic soil was significantly higher than that of paddy soil. With respect to the influence of climate and elevation, MBC, MBN, and MBP exponentially declined with increasing accumulated temperature above 0℃, accumulated temperature above 10℃, mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). However, they were augmented with increasing aridity and altitude. For different parent soil materials, the soil that developed from gray alluvial soil had higher MBC, MBN and MBP contents than those developed from glacial till. Meanwhile, they were significantly higher in the grassland than in paddy field and dry land. However, there were no significant differences between paddy field, dry land, and forest land. Pearson correlation and redundancy analyses revealed that the MBC and MBN had highly significant negative relationships with accumulated temperature above 0℃ and MAT, while, they had highly significant positive relationships with altitude (P < 0.01). In addition, MBP had a highly significant negative relationship with parent material. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed that the main impact factors for MBC were MAT, MAP, and parent material, and aridity; MBN was affected by altitude, aridity, and MAP; MBP was primarily controlled by parent material, accumulated temperature above 10℃, and MAP. Therefore, soil MBC, MBN and MBP can sensitively reflect the climate change in different sampling points in western Sichuan plain, providing an essential basis for predicting the response of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to climatic changes.

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图1川西平原土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量与年均温、≥0 ℃积温和≥10 ℃积温的关系
MBC:土壤微生物生物量碳; MBN:土壤微生物生物量氮; MBP:土壤微生物生物量磷。
Figure1.Relationship between soil microbial biomass C, N and P contents and mean annual temperature, accumulated temperature above 0 ℃, accumulated temperature above 10 ℃
MBC: soil microbial biomass C; MBN: soil microbial biomass N; MBP: soil microbial biomass P.

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图2川西平原土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量与年均降水量、干燥度和海拔的关系
MBC:土壤微生物生物量碳; MBN:土壤微生物生物量氮; MBP:土壤微生物生物量磷。
Figure2.Relationship between soil microbial biomass C, N and P contents and mean annual precipitation, aridity, altitude
MBC: soil microbial biomass C; MBN: soil microbial biomass N; MBP: soil microbial biomass P.

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图3环境因素与土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量的冗余分析二维排序图
MAT:年均温; AT0: ≥0 ℃积温; AT10: ≥10 ℃积温; MAP:年均降水量; AD:干燥度; PM:母质; ELE:海拔; LU:土地利用方式; MBC:土壤微生物生物量碳; MBN:土壤微生物生物量氮; MBP:土壤微生物生物量磷。
Figure3.Two-dimensional sequence diagram of redundancy analysis between environmental factors and soil microbial biomass C, N and P contents
MAT: mean annual temperature; AT0: accumulated temperature above 0 ℃; AT10: accumulated temperature above 10 ℃; MAP: mean annual precipitation; AD: aridity; PM: parent material; ELE: altitude; LU: land use; MBC: soil microbial biomass C; MBN: soil microbial biomass N; MBP: soil microbial biomass P.

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表1不同土壤类型的土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量及土壤性质
Table1.Contents of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and soil properties of different soil types

测试指标Variable	土壤类型Soil type
测试指标Variable	冲积土Alluvial soil (n=5)	潮土Fluvo-aquic soil (n=15)	水稻土Paddy soil (n=13)	黄壤Yellow earth (n=5)
pH	7.36~7.78	4.59~7.68	4.52~7.89	4.45~5.49
土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon (g?kg^–1)	22.93±5.56a	19.43±5.90ab	18.53±4.56ab	14.87±5.01b
全氮Total nitrogen (g?kg^–1)	1.31±0.22a	1.06±0.24b	0.87±0.17c	0.94±0.19bc
全磷Total phosphorus (g?kg^–1)	0.89±0.25a	0.75±0.23a	0.80±0.27a	0.77±0.21a
MBC (mg?kg^–1)	702.88±73.70a	536.49±90.59b	482.77±182.72bc	358.42±211.64c
MBN (mg?kg^–1)	66.24±14.52a	46.73±11.06b	47.28±14.45b	28.55±11.05c
MBP (mg?kg^–1)	9.88±3.30a	6.72±2.76b	5.41±2.09bc	3.81±1.33c
MBC/MBN	11.00±2.43ab	11.89±2.52a	10.23±1.63b	11.36±2.11ab
MBC/MBP	80.67±36.15a	94.30±45.07a	94.84±29.83a	91.36±24.41a
MBN/MBP	7.58±3.63a	7.75±2.75a	9.70±3.30a	8.04±1.93a
MBC:土壤微生物生物量碳; MBN:土壤微生物生物量氮; MBP:土壤微生物生物量磷; n:样品个数。同行不同小写字母表示土壤类型间差异显著(P < 0.05)。MBC: soil microbial biomass C; MBN: soil microbial biomass N; MBP: soil microbial biomass P; n: samples number. Different lowercase letters in the same line mean significant differences at 0.05 level among different soil types.

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表2不同成土母质和土地利用方式下土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量特征
Table2.Contents of soil microbial biomass C, N and P under different soil parent materials and land use

		MBC (mg?kg^–1)	MBN (mg?kg^–1)	MBP (mg?kg^–1)
母质	灰色冲积物Gray alluvium (n=11)	604.65±103.56a	57.56±14.43a	9.69±2.39a
Parent material	紫色冲积物Purple alluvium (n=13)	495.15±173.79ab	42.09±14.79b	4.45±1.37b
	老冲积物Glacial till (n=14)	467.27±184.14b	45.27±15.59b	5.27±2.06b
土地利用方式	水田Paddy field (n=13)	482.77±182.72b	47.93±15.14b	5.31±2.09b
Land use type	旱地Dry land (n=12)	467.85±137.32b	42.13±16.85b	6.73±3.23b
	林地Forest land (n=8)	528.15±163.92ab	44.27±8.69b	4.89±1.45b
	草地Grassland (n=5)	702.88±73.70a	66.24±14.52a	9.88±3.30a
MBC:土壤微生物生物量碳; MBN:土壤微生物生物量氮; MBP:土壤微生物生物量磷; n:样品个数。同列不同小写字母表示不同母质/同土地利用方式间差异显著(P < 0.05)。MBC: soil microbial biomass C; MBN: soil microbial biomass N; MBP: soil microbial biomass P. n: samples number. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences at 0.05 level among parent materials or land use types.

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表3环境因素与土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷及其冗余分析排序轴的相关性
Table3.Correlation between environmental factors and soil microbial biomass C, N and P contents and their RDA sequencing axis from redundancy analysis

分析方法 Analysis method	指标 Variable	AT0	AT10	MAT	AD	MAP	ELE	PM	LU
皮尔森相关分析 Pearson correlation analysis	MBC (mg?kg^–1)	-0.480^**	-0.402^*	-0.483^**	0.465^**	-0.405^*	0.459^**	-0.328^*	0.371^*
	MBN (mg?kg^–1)	-0.522^**	-0.459^**	-0.527^**	0.358^*	NS	0.540^**	NS	NS
	MBP (mg?kg^–1)	-0.362^*	NS	-0.370^*	0.372^*	-0.349^*	0.377^*	-0.579^**	0.331^*
冗余分析 Redundancy analysis	第1轴1^staxis	0.525^**	0.432^**	0.531^**	-0.460^**	0.406^**	-0.528^**	0.456^**	-0.366^*
冗余分析 Redundancy analysis	第2轴2^ndaxis	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	-0.329^*	NS
AT0: ≥0 ℃积温; AT10: ≥10 ℃积温; MAT:年均温; AD:干燥度; MAP:年均降水量; ELE:海拔; PM:母质; LU:土地利用方式; MBC:土壤微生物生物量碳; MBN:土壤微生物生物量氮; MBP:土壤微生物生物量磷。NS:相关性不显著; : P < 0.05水平显著相关; : P < 0.01水平显著相关, n=38. AT0: accumulated temperature above 0 ℃; AT10: accumulated temperature above 10 ℃; MAT: mean annual temperature; AD: aridity; MAP: mean annual precipitation; ELE: altitude; PM: parent material; LU: land use; MBC: soil microbial biomass C; MBN: soil microbial biomass N; MBP: soil microbial biomass P. NS: no significant correlation; : significant correlation at P < 0.05; **: significant correlation at P < 0.01; n = 38.

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表4土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷多环境因素综合影响的逐步回归分析模型
Table4.Stepwise regression analysis models of environment factors and soil microbial biomass C, N and P contents

指标Variable	模型Model	R²	P
MBC (mg?kg^–1)	MBC=?10 636.1?0.73MAT+6 823.01AD+5.243MAP	0.521	0.000
	MBC=?10 655.8+6 860.9AD+5.32MAP?52.2PM	0.584	0.000
MBN (mg?kg^–1)	MBN=?701.5+0.04ELE+444.2AD+0.34MAP	0.453	0.000
MBP (mg?kg^–1)	MBP=51.5?1.3PM?10.9MAT+0.023AT10+0.01MAP	0.620	0.000
MAT:年均温; AT10: ≥10 ℃积温; MAP:年均降水量; AD:干燥度; PM:母质; ELE:海拔; MBC:土壤微生物生物量碳; MBN:土壤微生物生物量氮; MBP:土壤微生物生物量磷。MAT: mean annual temperature; AT10: accumulated temperature above 10 ℃; MAP: mean annual precipitation; AD: aridity; PM: parent material; ELE: altitude; MBC: soil microbial biomass C; MBN: soil microbial biomass N; MBP: soil microbial biomass P.

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