张鹏,
钟川,
周泉,
唐海鹰,
李新梅,
李萍,
黄国勤^,
江西农业大学生态科学研究中心 南昌 330045
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题2016YFD0300208
江西省重点研发计划项目20161BBF60058

详细信息

作者简介:张鹏, 主要研究方向为农业生态学。E-mail:952100612@qq.com

通讯作者:黄国勤, 研究方向为耕作制度、农业生态、农业可持续发展等。E-mail:hgqjxes@sina.com

中图分类号:S344.16

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出版历程

收稿日期:2018-11-12
录用日期:2019-03-28
刊出日期:2019-08-01

Effects of different winter planting patterns on carbon management index of paddy field

ZHANG Peng,
ZHONG Chuan,
ZHOU Quan,
TANG Haiying,
LI Xinmei,
LI Ping,
HUANG Guoqin^,
Ecological Science Research Center of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFD0300208
the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangxi Province20161BBF60058

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Corresponding author:HUANG Guoqin, E-mail:hgqjxes@sina.com

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摘要
摘要:长江中下游地区是我国水稻生产的重要基地，在保障我国粮食安全中占有重要地位，但该地区农田可持续性不高，稻田冬季利用率较低。本研究通过探讨不同冬季种植模式对土壤质量的影响，为冬闲田合理开发利用，提高稻田可持续性提供理论依据。设置5种冬种模式，分别为冬季休闲、冬种紫云英、冬种油菜、冬种大蒜和冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式，通过测定不同土层土壤养分、土壤有机碳、活性有机碳和微生物生物量碳等，进一步分析不同冬种模式的土壤碳库管理指数及其综合效应。结果表明，在0~30 cm稻田土壤，与冬闲处理相比，不同冬季种植模式土壤有机碳提高6.12%~7.17%、活性有机碳提高13.56%~20.76%、微生物生物量碳提高0.13%~14.34%、可溶性有机碳提高3.49%~19.15%，土壤活性有机碳有效率提高6.74%~17.20%，冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式能显著促进稻田土壤总有机碳及可溶性有机碳的积累；不同冬种模式提高了稻田土壤碳库活度指数和碳库指数，并且土壤碳库管理指数增加14.37%~27.29%。土壤有机碳与活性有机碳呈极显著相关（P < 0.01），土壤碳库管理指数与总有机碳呈显著相关（P < 0.05）、与活性有机碳间存在极显著（P < 0.01）的相关性。对土壤碳库管理指数影响因素的灰色关联度综合分析表明，冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式排名第1。可见，不同冬季种植模式能增加土壤有机碳含量和提高土壤碳库管理指数，冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式的综合评价最好，其次为冬种大蒜模式。
关键词:稻田/
冬种模式/
土壤质量/
活性有机碳/
碳库管理指数/
灰色关联法
Abstract:The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region is an important base for rice production in China, which plays an important role in ensuring China's food security. However, the utilization rate of paddy field resources in winter was not high in this area. In this study, the effects of different winter planting patterns on soil quality were discussed, which would contribute to the rational development and utilization of winter fallow fields and provide theoretical basis for improving the sustainability of paddy fields. Five winter cropping modes were set up, including winter fallow, winter Chinese vetch, winter rape, winter garlic and winter rotation (potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape). Soil carbon pool management index and comprehensive evaluation of different winter cropping modes were further analyzed by measuring nutrients, organic carbon, active organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon in different soil layers. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon and active organic carbon in different winter planting patterns were increased to a certain extent in the depth of 0-30 cm paddy field, compared with those in winter fallow treatment. Among them, soil organic carbon increased by 6.12%-7.17%, active organic carbon increased by 13.56%-20.76%, microbial biomass carbon increased by 0.13%-14.34%, soluble organic carbon increased by 3.49%-19.15%, and soil active organic carbon efficiency increased by 6.74%-17.20%. Winter rotation (potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) could significantly promote the accumulation of total organic carbon and soluble organic carbon in paddy soil. Different winter patterns increased soil carbon pool activity index and carbon pool index, and soil carbon pool management index increased by 14.37%-27.29%. Soil organic carbon was significantly correlated with active organic carbon (P < 0.01); soil carbon pool management index was significantly correlated with total organic carbon (P < 0.05), and there was a significant correlation between soil organic carbon and active organic carbon (P < 0.01). It can be seen that different winter planting patterns can increase soil organic carbon content and improve soil carbon pool management index. The winter rotation (potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) pattern has the best comprehensive effect, followed by winter garlic planting pattern.
Key words:Paddy field/
Winter planting patterns/
Soil quality/
Active organic carbon/
Carbon management index/
Grey association method

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图1不同冬闲田种植模式下稻田土壤碳库活度指数、碳库指数及碳库管理指数的变化
不同小写字母表示处理间差异达5%水平。
Figure1.Changes of soil carbon pool activity index, carbon pool index and carbon pool management index of paddy fields under different winter planting patterns
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 5% level among different treatments.


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表1不同试验处理的作物、品种及施肥、还田情况(2017年冬季)
Table1.Crops, varieties, fertilization and straw return of different treatments (in winter of 2017)

处理 Treatment	冬季作物?Winter crop				冬季作物秸秆还田量及养分含量 Returned straw amount and nutrients contents of winter crop
	供试作物及品种 Tested crop and varieties	播种量 Seeding rate (kg?hm-2)	施肥量 Fertilization rate (kg?hm-2)		还田量 Straw amount (kg?hm-2)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g?kg-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g?kg-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g?kg-1)
CK	冬闲 Winter fallow	0	0		0	0	0	0
T1	‘余江大叶子’紫云英 ‘Yujiangdayezi’ Chinese milk vetch	30	0		3 309.29a	27.7a	2.7b	25.3a
T2	‘绵丰油18’油菜 ‘Mianfengyou 18’ rape	22.5	375		4 460.81a	14.5b	3.8a	17.0b
T3	‘金乡’大蒜 ‘Jinxiang’ garlic	2 475	450		0	0	0	0
T4	‘绵丰油18’油菜 ‘Mianfengyou 18’ rape	22.5	375		4 359.42a	15.7b	4.0a	15.9b

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表2不同冬季种植模式下稻田土壤养分含量的变化
Table2.Changes of soil nutrients contents in paddy fields under different winter planting patterns

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg?kg-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg?kg-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg?kg-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g?kg-1)
0~15	CK	216.67±3.48a	42.00±0.15b	74.00±2.08b	2.46±0.03c
	T1	223.33±6.12a	42.40±0.15b	75.67±1.45b	2.71±0.07a
	T2	218.67±3.38a	42.77±0.52ab	77.33±0.88b	2.49±0.02bc
	T3	220.00±5.77a	43.70±0.44a	86.00±1.15a	2.63±0.06ab
	T4	230.33±7.88a	43.67±0.27a	84.00±1.15a	2.57±0.00abc
15~30	CK	63.33±1.76c	2.30±0.06a	50.33±0.88b	0.82±0.01d
	T1	78.00±0.57b	2.34±0.04a	53.67±1.76ab	0.99±0.02ab
	T2	79.00±0.57b	2.20±0.09a	57.33±1.67ab	0.93±0.04bc
	T3	79.00±0.57b	2.73±0.40a	51.33±0.88b	0.89±0.03cd
	T4	82.33±0.88a	2.43±0.15a	54.33±1.20a	1.04±0.02a
数据为3个重复的平均值±标准误; 同列不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理间差异在5%水平显著。The data are means ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at 5% level among different treatments of the same soil depth.

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表3不同冬季种植模式下稻田土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、可溶性有机碳及活性有机碳有效率的变化
Table3.Changes of soil total organic carbon, active organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon and efficiency of active organic carbon of paddy fields under different winter planting patterns

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	总有机碳 Total organic carbon (g?kg-1)	活性有机碳 Labile organic carbon (g?kg-1)	微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg?kg-1)	可溶性有机碳 Soluble organic carbon (g?kg-1)	活性有机碳有效率 Efficiency of active organic carbon (%)
0~15	CK	28.42±0.18b	3.39±0.02c	455.76±18.87a	0.404 5±0.007 0b	11.94±0.03b
	T1	29.68±0.41a	3.69±0.09bc	501.57±32.10a	0.431 7±0.014 6ab	12.93±0.21ab
	T2	29.94±0.40a	3.69±0.31bc	460.94±24.59a	0.427 4±0.009 2ab	12.37±1.18ab
	T3	29.90±0.21a	4.33±0.18a	526.17±12.61a	0.422 3±0.017 0ab	14.47±0.60a
	T4	30.12±0.37a	4.11±0.2ab	515.99±30.21a	0.463 1±0.025 3a	13.61±0.86ab
15~30	CK	13.40±0.08b	1.33±0.18a	311.69±20.17a	0.333 8±0.008 4b	9.90±2.19a
	T1	14.77±0.10a	1.67±0.09a	324.33±8.68a	0.332 4±0.037 1b	11.28±1.06a
	T2	14.44±0.14a	1.79±0.21a	307.49±13.69a	0.380 6±0.008 4ab	12.36±2.40a
	T3	14.53±0.20a	1.55±0.20a	333.14±24.36a	0.348 2±0.013 4ab	10.65±2.54a
	T4	14.69±0.14a	1.60±0.09a	361.49±15.76a	0.416 8±0.032 5a	10.90±1.27a
数据为3个重复的平均值±标准误; 同列不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理间差异在5%水平显著。The data are means ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at 5% level among different treatments of the same soil depth.

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表4稻田土壤碳素有效率、碳库管理指数与土壤肥力的相关性
Table4.Correlation between carbon efficiency, carbon pool management index and soil fertility of paddy field

	碱解氮 Available nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium	全氮 Total nitrogen	微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon	可溶性有机碳 Soluble organic carbon	活性有机碳 Labile organic carbon	总有机碳 Total organic carbon
总有机碳 Total organic carbon	0.791**	0.584*	0.666**	0.747**	0.444	0.354	0.645**	1.000
活性有机碳有效率 Efficiency of active organic carbon	0.321	0.270	0.431	0.112	0.386	0.190	0.970**	0.440
微生物生物量碳有效率 Efficiency of microbial biomass carbon	0.515*	0.442	0.217	0.406	0.933**	0.161	0.249	0.094
可溶性有机碳有效率 Efficiency of soluble organic carbon	0.035	0.091	0.314	0.079	0.141	0.943**	0.044	0.022
碳库管理指数 Carbon pool management index	0.472	0.373	0.532*	0.270	0.448	0.240	0.999**	0.616*
*、**分别表示显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)相关。* and ** mean significant correlation at 5% and 1% levels, respectively.

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表5不同冬季稻田种植模式的综合分析
Table5.Comprehensive analysis of winter planting patterns of paddy fields

处理 Treatment	等权关联度 Equal relational grade analysis	排名 Rank	加权关联度 Weighted relational grade analysis	排名 Rank
CK	0.493 8	5	0.516 4	5
T1	0.658 6	3	0.700 7	3
T2	0.642 3	4	0.667 5	4
T3	0.829 5	2	0.873 3	2
T4	0.921 6	1	0.933 3	1

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