卢娟,
胡成梅,
牛胤全,
史雨刚,
杨进文,
王曙光,
张文俊,
孙黛珍,
山西农业大学农学院 太谷 030801
基金项目: 国家科技重大专项2018ZX0800917B
山西省自然科学基金201901D111228
山西省重点研发计划项目201803D221008-3
详细信息
作者简介:连盈, 主要研究方向为作物遗传育种。E-mail:lianyingnxy@163.com
通讯作者:孙黛珍, 主要研究方向为作物分子育种。E-mail:sdz64@126.com
中图分类号:S515计量
文章访问数:503
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-12-03
录用日期:2020-01-30
刊出日期:2020-04-01
Effects of low nitrogen stress on foxtail millet seedling characteristics and screening of low nitrogen tolerant varieties
LIAN Ying,LU Juan,
HU Chengmei,
NIU Yinquan,
SHI Yugang,
YANG Jinwen,
WANG Shuguang,
ZHANG Wenjun,
SUN Daizhen,
College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
Funds: the National Science and Technology Major Project of China2018ZX0800917B
the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province201901D111228
the Key Research & Development Program of Shanxi Province201803D221008-3
More Information
Corresponding author:SUN Daizhen, E-mail:sdz64@126.com
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摘要
摘要:筛选和培育耐低氮能力强的作物品种，是提高作物氮素利用效率，减少氮肥施用量，降低环境污染的有效措施。本研究以45份谷子品种为试材，采用水培的方法，在低氮（0.1 mmol·L-1）和正常氮（5 mmol·L-1）条件下，测定苗高、根长和根数等22个氮效率相关指标，采用综合耐低氮系数法以及基于主成分分析的隶属函数法评价参试谷子品种的耐低氮性。结果表明，与正常氮条件相比，低氮胁迫下，谷子苗期根长、根冠比、地上部氮素生理效率、地下部氮素生理效率、单株氮素生理效率有不同程度提高，其余17个指标都有不同程度降低。两种评价方法均根据45个谷子品种的耐低氮能力将其划分为强耐低氮型、耐低氮型、中间型、较敏感型和敏感型5类。筛选出耐低氮性较强的品种5份，编号分别为11、14、17、35和39。利用GGE双标图对品种-耐低氮相关指标的分析表明，编号39和14的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地下部干重、地下部鲜重、根长；编号为11、35和17的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地上部鲜重、叶片数、叶宽、叶长、单株氮累积量、地上部氮累积量、单株干质量、地上部干重、地下部氮累积量、根数、苗高和SPAD。可见不同谷子品种的耐低氮机制存在一定差异，研究结果可为谷子耐低氮品种的选育提供材料基础。
关键词:谷子/
低氮胁迫/
综合耐低氮系数/
主成分分析/
隶属函数法/
GGE双标图
Abstract:Screening and cultivating low-nitrogen-tolerant crop varieties can be used as an effective measure for increasing the nitrogen-use efficiency of plants, reducing nitrogen fertilizer use, as well as limiting environmental pollution during cultivation. In the present study, 45 foxtail millet varieties were grown in different nitrogen conditions, low nitrogen (0.1 mmol·L-1) and normal nitrogen (5 mmol·L-1), using hydroponic methods. Nitrogen efficiency of plants was subsequently measured based on 22 indicators about growth, biomass, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation and physiology efficiency. The low nitrogen tolerance of the tested foxtail millet varieties was evaluated by using the comprehensive low nitrogen tolerance coefficient method and the membership function method based on principal component analysis. The results showed that foxtail millet seedlings exposed to low nitrogen stress demonstrated varying degrees of improvement compared to seedlings grown in normal nitrogen condition for root length, root-shoot ratio, number of root; and root, shoot, and plant nitrogen physiology efficiency. The remaining 17 indicators demonstrated different levels of reduction under low nitrogen stress. Forty-five foxtail millet varieties were subsequently divided into five categories (strong resistant, resistant, medium resistant, sensitive, and highly sensitive) for screening; five varieties with relatively strong low nitrogen tolerance were screened (varieties 11, 14, 17, 35, and 39). A GGE double plot was used to analyze the variety-low nitrogen tolerance related indexes. The predominant low nitrogen tolerance traits of low nitrogen tolerant varieties 39 and 14 were dry weight of root, fresh weight of root, and root length; while varieties 11, 35, and 17 were identified as having traits fresh weight of shoot, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length, nitrogen accumulation of plant, nitrogen accumulation of shoot, dry weight of plant, dry weight of shoot, nitrogen accumulation of root, root number, seedling height, and SPAD. Our results suggest that there are some differences in the low nitrogen tolerance mechanisms of different millet varieties. These findings provide a material basis for the breeding of foxtail millet varieties with low nitrogen resistance.
Key words:Foxtail millet/
Low nitrogen stress/
Comprehensive low nitrogen tolerance coefficient/
Principal component analysis/
Subordinate function/
GGE double plot
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图1谷子苗期各性状耐低氮系数的相关性
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01;***P < 0.001. RL:根长; SH:苗高; RN:根数; LL:叶长; LW:叶宽; LN:叶片数; FWR:地下部鲜重; FWS:地上部鲜重; DWR:地下部干重; DWS:地上部干重; NCS:地上部氮含量; NCR:地下部氮含量; NAS:地上部氮累积量; NAR:地下部氮累积量; NES:地上部氮素生理效率; NER:地下部氮素生理效率; DWP:单株干质量; R-S:根冠比; NCP:单株氮含量; NAP:单株氮累积量; NEP:单株氮素生理效率。
Figure1.Correlation analysis of low nitrogen tolerance coefficients of each trait of foxtail millet seedlings
RL: root length; SH: seedling height; RN: roots number; LL: leaf length; LW: leaf width; LN: leaves number; FWR: fresh weight of root; FWS: fresh weight of shoot; DWR: dry weight of root; DWS: dry weight of shoot; NCS: nitrogen content of shoot; NCR: nitrogen content of root; NAS: nitrogen accumulation of shoot; NAR: nitrogen accumulation of root; NES: nitrogen physiology efficiency of shoot; NER: nitrogen physiology efficiency of root; DWP: dry weight of plant; R-S: root-shoot ratio of dry weight; NCP: nitrogen content of plant; NAP: nitrogen accumulation of plant; NEP: nitrogen physiology efficiency of plant.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2基于综合耐低氮系数的谷子品种耐低氮性
Figure2.Varieties numbers of different low nitrogen tolerance types of foxtail millet based on comprehensive low nitrogen tolerance coefficients
HS: highly sensitive; S: sensitive; MR: medium resistant; R: resistant; SR: strongly resistant.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3谷子品种的综合耐低氮系数(X值)与苗期性状的相关性
1、2、3、…、45为45份谷子品种编号。RL:根长; SH:苗高; RN:根数; LL:叶长; LW:叶宽; LN:叶片数; FWR:地下部鲜重; FWS:地上部鲜重; DWR:地下部干重; DWS:地上部干重; R-S:根冠比; DWP:单株干质量; NCS:地上部氮含量; NCR:地下部氮含量; NCP:单株氮含量; NAS:地上部氮累积量; NAR:地下部氮累积量; NAP:单株氮累积量; NES:地上部氮素生理效率; NER:地下部氮素生理效率; NEP:单株氮素生理效率。
Figure3.Correlation between comprehensive low nitrogen tolerance coefficients (X) and seedling traits of foxtail millet varieties
1, 2, 3, …, 45 are the numbers of 45 millet varieties. RL: root length; SH: seedling height; RN: roots number; LL: leaf length; LW: leaf width; LN: leaves number; FWR: fresh weight of root; FWS: fresh weight of shoot; DWR: dry weight of root; DWS: dry weight of shoot; R-S: root-shoot ratio of dry weight; DWP: dry weight of plant; NCS: nitrogen content of shoot; NCR: nitrogen content of root; NCP: nitrogen content of plant; NAS: nitrogen accumulation of shoot; NAR: nitrogen accumulation of root; NAP: nitrogen accumulation of plant; NES: nitrogen physiology efficiency of shoot; NER: nitrogen physiology efficiency of root; NEP: nitrogen physiology efficiency of plant.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4不同谷子品种苗期耐低氮性综合评价聚类分析结果
Figure4.Cluster analysis results of comprehensive evaluation of low nitrogen tolerance of seedlings of different foxtail millet varieties
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5不同谷子品种的耐低氮综合评价(D)值与苗期性状的相关性
1、2、3、…、45为45份谷子品种的编号。RL:根长; SH:苗高; RN:根数; LL:叶长; LW:叶宽; LN:叶片数; FWR:地下部鲜重; FWS:地上部鲜重; DWR:地下部干重; DWS:地上部干重; R-S:根冠比; DWP:单株干质量; NCS:地上部氮含量; NCR:地下部氮含量; NCP:单株氮含量; NAS:地上部氮累积量; NAR:地下部氮累积量; NAP:单株氮累积量; NES:地上部氮素生理效率; NER:地下部氮素生理效率; NEP:单株氮素生理效率。
Figure5.Correlation between comprehensive evaluation (D) value and seedling traits of foxtail millet varieties
1, 2, 3, …, 45 are the numbers of 45 millet varieties. RL: root length; SH: seedling height; RN: roots number; LL: leaf length; LW: leaf width; LN: leaves number; FWR: fresh weight of root; FWS: fresh weight of shoot; DWR: dry weight of root; DWS: dry weight of shoot; R-S: root-shoot ratio of dry weight; DWP: dry weight of plant; NCS: nitrogen content of shoot; NCR: nitrogen content of root; NCP: nitrogen content of plant; NAS: nitrogen accumulation of shoot; NAR: nitrogen accumulation of root; NAP: nitrogen accumulation of plant; NES: nitrogen physiology efficiency of shoot; NER: nitrogen physiology efficiency of root; NEP: nitrogen physiology efficiency of plant.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1两种供氮水平下谷子苗期耐低氮相关指标值和耐低氮系数
Table1.Relative traits values and coefficients of low nitrogen tolerance of foxtail millet seedlings under two nitrogen treatments
| 耐低氮指标 Low nitrogen tolerance trait | 正常氮处理 Normal nitrogen treatment | 低氮处理 Low nitrogen treatment | 耐低氮系数 Low nitrogen tolerance coefficient | ||||||||
| 平均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | CV (%) | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | CV (%) | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | CV (%) | |||
| SPAD | 30.071A | 3.073 | 10.219 | 17.991B | 3.066 | 17.044 | 0.601 | 0.096 | 15.904 | ||
| 根长Root length (cm) | 13.193B | 2.137 | 16.201 | 14.771A | 2.769 | 18.743 | 1.120 | 0.225 | 20.044 | ||
| 苗高Seedling height (cm) | 35.311A | 4.979 | 14.101 | 22.936B | 5.125 | 22.343 | 0.651 | 0.115 | 17.691 | ||
| 根数Roots number | 12.496A | 1.849 | 14.794 | 8.752B | 1.290 | 14.735 | 0.706 | 0.091 | 12.881 | ||
| 叶长Leaf length (cm) | 21.466A | 3.122 | 14.546 | 11.510B | 2.566 | 22.291 | 0.539 | 0.104 | 19.224 | ||
| 叶宽Leaf width (cm) | 0.946A | 0.137 | 14.528 | 0.648B | 0.169 | 26.144 | 0.685 | 0.144 | 20.974 | ||
| 叶片数Leaves number | 5.822A | 0.423 | 7.257 | 4.633B | 0.548 | 11.828 | 0.796 | 0.081 | 10.164 | ||
| 地下部鲜重Root fresh weight (g) | 0.258A | 0.090 | 35.004 | 0.103B | 0.049 | 46.989 | 0.423 | 0.182 | 43.050 | ||
| 地上部鲜重Shoot fresh weight (g) | 1.022A | 0.306 | 29.903 | 0.376B | 0.177 | 47.095 | 0.375 | 0.144 | 38.409 | ||
| 地下部干重Root dry weight (g) | 0.028A | 0.010 | 35.182 | 0.016B | 0.006 | 36.079 | 0.589 | 0.198 | 33.708 | ||
| 地上部干重Shoot dry weight (g) | 0.141A | 0.036 | 25.847 | 0.064B | 0.025 | 39.387 | 0.466 | 0.157 | 33.557 | ||
| 根冠比Root-shoot ratio of dry weight | 0.198B | 0.040 | 20.332 | 0.252A | 0.030 | 23.801 | 1.298 | 0.280 | 21.600 | ||
| 单株干质量Plant dry weight (g) | 0.169A | 0.045 | 26.441 | 0.080B | 0.865 | 37.536 | 0.485 | 0.156 | 32.114 | ||
| 地上部氮含量 Shoot nitrogen content (mg·g-1) | 7.210A | 1.464 | 20.302 | 3.607B | 0.630 | 23.979 | 0.510 | 0.120 | 23.462 | ||
| 地下部氮含量 Root nitrogen content (mg·g-1) | 5.249A | 1.857 | 35.382 | 3.187B | 0.737 | 19.780 | 0.641 | 0.159 | 24.754 | ||
| 单株氮含量Plant nitrogen content (mg·g-1) | 6.885A | 1.360 | 19.753 | 3.511B | 0.136 | 20.977 | 0.521 | 0.113 | 21.640 | ||
| 地上部氮累积量 Shoot nitrogen accumulation (mg) | 1.004A | 0.329 | 32.752 | 0.233B | 0.019 | 58.389 | 0.241 | 0.108 | 44.805 | ||
| 地下部氮累积量 Root nitrogen accumulation (mg) | 0.140A | 0.049 | 34.689 | 0.050B | 0.151 | 39.023 | 0.374 | 0.148 | 39.591 | ||
| 单株氮累积量 Plant nitrogen accumulation (mg) | 1.144A | 0.359 | 31.400 | 0.282B | 0.068 | 53.508 | 0.255 | 0.107 | 41.737 | ||
| 地上部氮素生理效率 Shoot nitrogen physiology efficiency (mg·mg-1) | 145.935B | 30.546 | 20.931 | 295.467A | 68.293 | 23.114 | 2.067 | 0.478 | 23.114 | ||
| 地下部氮素生理效率 Root nitrogen physiology efficiency (mg·mg-1) | 205.222B | 48.428 | 23.598 | 334.170A | 121.855 | 36.465 | 1.716 | 0.761 | 44.337 | ||
| 单株氮素生理效率 Plant nitrogen physiology efficiency (mg·mg-1) | 152.123B | 30.740 | 20.207 | 298.643A | 59.878 | 20.050 | 2.006 | 0.427 | 21.275 | ||
| 表中同行不同大写字母表示正常氮处理和低氮处理间差异极显著(P < 0.01)。Values of normal and low nitrogen treatments followed by different capital letters within the same line are significantly different at 0.01 level. | |||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2不同谷子品种苗期各性状的耐低氮系数
Table2.Low nitrogen tolerance coefficients of seedling traits of different foxtail millet varieties
 |
表3谷子品种苗期主要性状主成分分析结果
Table3.Principal component analysis of seedling traits of foxtail millet varieties
| 指标Trait | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 |
| SPAD | 0.050 | -0.083 | 0.030 | 0.256 |
| 根长Root length | 0.037 | 0.111 | 0.066 | 0.313 |
| 苗高Seedling height | 0.086 | 0.038 | 0.046 | -0.064 |
| 根数Roots number | 0.076 | 0.049 | 0.034 | -0.078 |
| 叶长Leaf length | 0.079 | -0.001 | 0.027 | 0.066 |
| 叶宽Leaf width | 0.070 | -0.013 | -0.037 | 0.043 |
| 叶片数Leaves number | 0.053 | 0.011 | 0.094 | -0.236 |
| 地下部鲜重Root fresh weight | 0.055 | 0.129 | -0.109 | 0.185 |
| 地上部鲜重Shoot fresh weight | 0.093 | 0.034 | 0.054 | -0.115 |
| 地下部干重Root dry weight | 0.067 | 0.150 | 0.002 | 0.151 |
| 地上部干重Shoot dry weight | 0.089 | 0.076 | 0.034 | -0.132 |
| 单株干质量Plant dry weight | 0.088 | 0.092 | 0.032 | -0.086 |
| 地上部氮含量Shoot nitrogen content | 0.051 | -0.177 | 0.068 | 0.128 |
| 地下部氮含量Root nitrogen content | 0.020 | -0.066 | -0.414 | -0.072 |
| 单株氮含量Plant nitrogen content | 0.055 | -0.179 | -0.026 | 0.093 |
| 地上部氮累积量Shoot nitrogen accumulation | 0.096 | -0.029 | 0.067 | -0.064 |
| 地下部氮累积量Root nitrogen accumulation | 0.069 | 0.085 | -0.251 | 0.069 |
| 单株氮累积量Plant nitrogen accumulation | 0.098 | -0.015 | 0.019 | -0.048 |
| 地上部氮素生理效率Shoot nitrogen physiology efficiency | -0.051 | 0.175 | -0.074 | -0.136 |
| 地下部氮素生理效率Root nitrogen physiology efficiency | -0.021 | 0.031 | 0.414 | 0.054 |
| 单株氮素生理效率Plant nitrogen physiology efficiency | -0.055 | 0.177 | 0.021 | -0.099 |
| 根冠比Root-shoot ratio of dry weight | -0.037 | 0.098 | -0.029 | 0.380 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 10.028 | 4.425 | 2.179 | 1.826 |
| 贡献率Contribution rate (%) | 45.580 | 20.114 | 9.906 | 8.299 |
| 累计贡献率Accumulated contribution (%) | 45.580 | 65.693 | 75.599 | 83.898 |
下载: 导出CSV表4基于两种评价方法的谷子品种耐低氮性评价结果的对比
Table4.Comparison of evaluation results of low nitrogen tolerance of different foxtail millet varieties based on two evaluation methods
| 耐低氮类型 Type of low nitrogen tolerance | 综合耐低氮系数法 Comprehensive low nitrogen tolerance coefficient method | 综合评价D值法 D value method for comprehensive evaluation |
| 敏感型Highly sensitive | 45, 3, 43, 28 | 18, 45, 8, 2, 3, 10, 24, 28, 5, 25 |
| 较敏感型Sensitive | 5, 2, 25, 29, 24, 36, 40, 27, 33, 44, 23, 37, 16, 13, 20, 18, 26, 30 | 43, 13, 27, 20, 6, 30, 21, 44, 9, 1, 29, 16, 12, 40, 32, 33, 37, 23 |
| 中间型Medium resistant | 10, 38, 1, 8, 32, 41, 31, 7, 34, 15, 4, 21, 9, 12, 6 | 7, 34, 19, 31, 42, 22, 26, 15, 36, 4, 38, 41 |
| 耐低氮型Resistant | 42, 22, 19, 17, 35, 14 | 17, 35, 14 |
| 强耐低氮型Strongly resistant | 11, 39 | 11, 39 |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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