赵凯,,
周升强,
贺婧
西北农林科技大学经济管理学院 杨凌 712100
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0503703-03
详细信息
作者简介:崔悦, 主要研究方向为农业经济管理。E-mail:601409427@qq.com
通讯作者:赵凯, 主要研究方向为土地经济和农业经济管理等。E-mail:zhaokai@nwafu.edu.cn
中图分类号:F320计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2019-11-08
录用日期:2019-11-15
刊出日期:2020-01-01
Comprehensive evaluation of returning grazing lands to grasslands in a desertification control area based on the perspectives of farmers and herdsmen: A case study of Etuoke Banner, Inner Mongolia
CUI Yue,ZHAO Kai,,
ZHOU Shengqiang,
HE Jing
College of Economics and Management, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFC0503703-03
More Information
Corresponding author:ZHAO Kai, E-mail:zhaokai@nwafu.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:农牧户作为退牧还草技术的实施者和重要利益相关者，其对技术的感知度和认可度对于调整和完善退牧还草技术具有重要的现实意义。本文以草地荒漠化典型区域——内蒙古鄂托克旗为例，采用主观层次分析法和客观熵权法相结合的方法，构建包括技术成熟度、技术应用难度、技术相宜性、技术效益和技术推广潜力5个方面的退牧还草技术综合评价指标体系，基于农牧户视角对内蒙古鄂托克旗退牧还草技术进行综合评价。结果表明：1）基于农牧户视角的鄂托克旗退牧还草技术综合评价结果为0.469 8，说明农牧户对于退牧还草技术的综合评价处于中等水平，技术满意度一般，技术可持续性较弱。具体表现为农牧户对于技术自身的草地生态系统退化修复功能持以肯定态度，生态效益评价较高；而对于经济效益和技术可持续性评价较低。2）分项退牧还草技术评价结果由高到低的排序为：技术相宜性、技术效益、技术成熟度、技术应用难度、技术推广潜力。3）分区域研究得出，鄂托克旗退牧还草技术综合评价的区域差异性较小。因此，退牧还草技术的综合评价结果能够反映农牧户对于该项技术的满意程度，为退牧还草技术的持续有效实施提供参考。
关键词:荒漠化治理/
退牧还草技术/
农牧户/
层次分析法/
熵权法/
鄂托克旗
Abstract:To curb the accelerated degradation of natural grasslands in western China and promote ecological restoration, the Chinese government has encouraged the return of grazing lands to grassland since 2002. As both stakeholders and implementers of the technology for returning grazing lands to grasslands, farmers and herdsmen have important roles to play in adjusting and improving the technology for returning grazing lands to grasslands. In this paper, using micro-data on farmers and herdsmen in Etuoke Banner, Inner Mongolia, engineering techniques based on fence enclosure and management techniques that combine grass-fixing and seasonal grazing are used as evaluation objects along with an analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. The combination method includes an evaluation index system that includes five aspects:technical maturity, technical application difficulty, technical suitability, technical benefits, and technical promotion potential. From the perspective of farmers and herdsmen, the result of the comprehensive evaluation of the technology for returning grazing lands to grasslands was 0.469 8, indicating that the technology received an overall medium score by farmers and herdsmen, technical satisfaction was medium, and technical sustainability was considered weak. Farmers and herdsmen affirmed the degradation function of grassland ecosystems and the ecological benefit evaluation was considered high, while economic benefits and technology sustainability received a low score. The evaluation results followed the order of technical suitability > technical benefits > technical maturity > technical application difficulty > technical promotion potential. Regional differences in the comprehensive evaluation results were small. Many of the problems associated with the technology, if not appropriately resolved, will affect continuous and effective implementation, making achievements in returning grazing lands to grasslands difficult to consolidate. The comprehensive evaluation reflects the degree of satisfaction with the technology among farmers and herdsmen, and provides a reference for the continued effective implementation of the technology for returning grazing lands to grassland.
Key words:Desertification control/
Technology for returning grazing land to grassland/
Farmers and herdsmen/
Analytic hierarchy process/
Entropy weight method/
Etuoke Banner
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图1退牧还草技术界定
Figure1.Definition of technology for returning grazing land to grassland
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2退牧还草技术各指标测算结果
Figure2.Estimation results of various evaluation index of the technology for returning grazing land to grassland
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1内蒙古鄂托克旗受访农牧户基本特征
Table1.Basic characteristics of interviewed farmers and herdsmen in Etuoke Banner of Inner Mongolia
| 统计指标 Statistical indicator | 分类指标 Classification indicator | 样本量 Sample size | 比例 Proportion (%) |
| 性别 Gender | 男Male | 89 | 66.42 |
| 女Female | 45 | 33.58 | |
| 年龄 Age | < 30 | 2 | 1.49 |
| 30~40 | 12 | 8.96 | |
| 40~50 | 33 | 24.63 | |
| 50~60 | 47 | 35.07 | |
| > 60 | 40 | 29.85 | |
| 文化程度 Education level | 小学及以下Primary school or below | 73 | 54.48 |
| 初中Junior high school | 48 | 35.82 | |
| 高中、中专Senior high school | 11 | 8.21 | |
| 大专及以上College and above | 2 | 1.49 | |
| 民族 Nationality | 汉族Han | 111 | 82.84 |
| 蒙古族Mongolian | 23 | 17.16 | |
| 家庭人口数 Family population | 1~2 | 64 | 47.76 |
| 3~5 | 61 | 45.52 | |
| > 5 | 9 | 6.72 | |
| 家庭年收入 Annual household income (×104￥) | < 5 | 36 | 26.87 |
| 5~10 | 48 | 35.82 | |
| 10~15 | 23 | 17.16 | |
| 15~20 | 15 | 11.19 | |
| > 20 | 12 | 8.96 |
下载: 导出CSV表2退牧还草技术评价指标体系
Table2.Evaluation indexes system of technology for returning grazing land to grassland
| 目标层 Target layer | 准则层 Criteria layer | 指标层 Indicator layer | 指标说明 Indicator description | 指标属性 Indicator attribute |
| 退牧还草技术综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation on the technology for returning grazing land to grassland | 技术成熟度 Technical maturity | 技术完整性 Technical integrity | 1~5打分(由1到5评价满意度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced integrity | + |
| 技术稳定性 Technical stability | 1~5打分(由1到5评价满意度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced stability | + | ||
| 技术应用难度 Technical application difficulty | 技术实施难度 Technical implementation difficulty | 1~5打分(由1到5实施难度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced difficulty | + | |
| 养殖成本变化 Breeding cost change | 1=减少; 2=不变; 3=增加 1 = decrease; 2 = unchanged; 3 = increase | - | ||
| 技术相宜性 Technical suitability | 技术实施总体态度 Overall attitude towards technology implementation | 1=反对; 2=中立; 3=支持 1= against; 2 = neutral; 3 = support | + | |
| 目标适宜性 Target suitability | 1~5打分(由1到5评价满意度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced stability | + | ||
| 立地适宜性 Site suitability | 1~5打分(由1到5评价满意度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced stability | + | ||
| 经济发展适宜性 Economic development suitability | 1~5打分(由1到5评价满意度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced stability | + | ||
| 技术效益 Technical benefits | 沙尘天气减少程度 Dust weather reduction | 1~5打分(由1到5减少程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced reduction | + | |
| 降雨增加程度 Increase in rainfall | 1=减少; 2=不变; 3=增加 1 = decrease; 2 = unchanged; 3 = increase | + | ||
| 植被覆盖度提高程度 Degree of vegetation coverage | 1~5打分(由1到5提高程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced degree | + | ||
| 生物多样性增加程度 Increase in biodiversity | 1~5打分(由1到5增加程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced degree | + | ||
| 农牧民增收作用程度 Increase extent of income of farmers and herdsmen | 1~5打分(由1到5作用程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced degree | + | ||
| 家庭收入增加程度 Increase extent of household income | 1~5打分(由1到5增加程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced degree | + | ||
| 生产方式转变作用程度 Degree of change in production mode | 1~5打分(由1到5作用程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced degree | + | ||
| 草原保护意识提高程度 Increased awareness of grassland protection | 1~5打分(由1到5提高程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced degree | + | ||
| 生活环境改善程度 Improvement of living environment | 1~5打分(由1到5改善程度依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced improvement | + | ||
| 技术推广潜力 Technical promotion potential | 收入增长可持续性 Income growth sustainability | 1~5打分(由1到5可持续性依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced sustainability | + | |
| 养殖业发展可持续性 Aquaculture development sustainability | 1~5打分(由1到5可持续性依次增强) Increasing from 1 to 5 with enhanced sustainability | + | ||
| “+”为正向指标, 即数值越大, 指标效果越好; “-”为负向指标, 即数值越小, 指标效果越好。“+” is a positive indicator; the larger its value, the better the effect is. “-” is a negative indicator; the smaller its value, the better the effect is. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表3判断矩阵的衡量尺度
Table3.Measurement scale of the judgment matrix
| 指标i/指标j Index i/index j | 同样重要 Equally important | 稍微重要 Slightly important | 重要 Important | 很重要 Quite important | 非常重要 Very important | 中间态度标度值 Intermediate attitude scale |
| 指标i的评价值 Evaluation value of index i | 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 2, 4, 6, 8 |
| 两者相比, 较弱者的评价值为较强者的倒数。Compared between the two, the weaker evaluation value is the reciprocal of the stronger one. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表4平均随机一致性指标取值标准
Table4.Average random consistency indicator value standard
| 矩阵阶数n Matrix order n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 |
下载: 导出CSV表5退牧还草技术评价指标体系权重
Table5.Weights of evaluation indexes of technology for returning grazing land to grassland
| 目标层 Target layer | 准则层 Criteria layer | 指标层 Indicator layer | AHP权重 AHP weight | 熵权法权重 Entropy weight method | 复合权重 Complex weight |
| 退牧还草技术综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation on the technology for returning grazing land to grassland | 技术成熟度 Technical maturity (0.114 2) | 技术完整性 Technical integrity | 0.148 2 | 0.012 9 | 0.080 5 |
| 技术稳定性 Technical stability | 0.049 4 | 0.017 9 | 0.033 7 | ||
| 技术应用难度 Technical application difficulty (0.300 1) | 技术实施难度 Technical implementation difficulty | 0.046 6 | 0.033 5 | 0.040 0 | |
| 养殖成本变化 Breeding cost change | 0.093 1 | 0.427 1 | 0.260 1 | ||
| 技术相宜性 Technical suitability (0.205 9) | 技术实施总体态度 Overall attitude towards technology implementation | 0.085 2 | 0.020 0 | 0.052 6 | |
| 目标适宜性 Target suitability | 0.162 3 | 0.008 6 | 0.085 4 | ||
| 立地适宜性 Site suitability | 0.065 6 | 0.014 2 | 0.039 9 | ||
| 经济发展适宜性 Economic development suitability | 0.041 2 | 0.014 7 | 0.028 0 | ||
| 技术效益 Technical benefits (0.307 1) | 沙尘天气减少程度 Dust weather reduction | 0.020 2 | 0.018 4 | 0.019 3 | |
| 降雨增加程度 Increase in rainfall | 0.030 7 | 0.124 0 | 0.077 4 | ||
| 植被覆盖度提高程度 Degree of vegetation coverage | 0.031 1 | 0.016 9 | 0.024 0 | ||
| 生物多样性增加程度 Increase in biodiversity | 0.037 3 | 0.041 2 | 0.039 2 | ||
| 农牧民增收作用程度 Increase extent of income of farmers and herdsmen | 0.036 0 | 0.081 5 | 0.058 7 | ||
| 家庭收入增加程度 Increase extent of household income | 0.038 5 | 0.022 3 | 0.030 4 | ||
| 生产方式转变作用程度 Degree of change in production mode | 0.012 3 | 0.027 3 | 0.019 8 | ||
| 草原保护意识提高程度 Increased awareness of grassland protection | 0.028 7 | 0.020 4 | 0.024 6 | ||
| 生活环境改善程度 Improvement of living environment | 0.013 6 | 0.013 6 | 0.013 6 | ||
| 技术推广潜力 Technical promotion potential (0.072 8) | 收入增长可持续性 Income growth sustainability | 0.045 1 | 0.060 8 | 0.053 0 | |
| 养殖业发展可持续性 Aquaculture development sustainability | 0.015 0 | 0.024 6 | 0.019 8 |
下载: 导出CSV表6退牧还草技术综合评价结果
Table6.Comprehensive evaluation results of the technology for returning grazing land to grassland
| 指标Indicator | 评价值Evaluation result |
| 技术成熟度Technical maturity | 0.078 4 |
| 技术应用难度Technical application difficulty | 0.047 1 |
| 技术相宜性Technical suitability | |
| 技术效益Technical benefits | 0.153 7 |
| 技术推广潜力Technical promotion potential | 0.033 8 |
| 综合评价结果Comprehensive evaluation result | 0.469 8 |
下载: 导出CSV表7分区域退牧还草技术综合评价结果
Table7.Comprehensive evaluation results of sub-regions of the technology for returning grazing land to grassland
| 乡镇/苏木 Town/Sumu | 技术成熟度 Technical maturity | 技术应用难度 Technical application difficulty | 技术相宜性 Technical suitability | 技术效益 Technical benefits | 技术推广潜力 Technical promotion potential | 综合评价结果 Comprehensive evaluation result | ||||||||||||||||
| 分值 Score | 相对于研究区比例 Proportion of the study area (%) | 分值 Score | 相对于研究区比例 Proportion of the study area (%) | 分值 Score | 相对于研究区比例 Proportion of the study area (%) | 分值 Score | 相对于研究区比例 Proportion of the study area (%) | 分值 Score | 相对于研究区比例 Proportion of the study area (%) | 分值 Score | 相对于研究区比例 Proportion of the study area (%) | |||||||||||
| 乌兰镇 Wulan Town | 0.072 4 | 92.35 | 0.046 1 | 97.88 | 0.146 6 | 93.49 | 0.154 8 | 100.72 | 0.032 2 | 95.27 | 0.452 1 | 96.23 | ||||||||||
| 木凯淖尔镇 Mukaimuer Town | 0.087 4 | 111.48 | 0.047 8 | 101.49 | 0.170 8 | 108.93 | 0.165 8 | 107.87 | 0.035 5 | 105.03 | 0.507 2 | 107.96 | ||||||||||
| 棋盘井镇 Qipanjing Town | 0.069 2 | 88.27 | 0.095 0 | 201.70 | 0.127 6 | 81.38 | 0.142 8 | 92.91 | 0.037 0 | 109.47 | 0.471 7 | 100.40 | ||||||||||
| 阿尔巴斯苏木 Albas Sumu | 0.075 0 | 95.66 | 0.065 5 | 139.07 | 0.136 5 | 87.05 | 0.170 7 | 111.06 | 0.039 2 | 115.98 | 0.486 9 | 103.64 | ||||||||||
| 苏米图苏木 Sumitu Sumu | 0.072 8 | 92.86 | 0.042 1 | 89.38 | 0.153 7 | 98.02 | 0.148 6 | 96.68 | 0.032 8 | 97.04 | 0.450 1 | 95.81 | ||||||||||
| 研究区 Study area | 0.078 4 | 100.00 | 0.047 1 | 100.00 | 0.156 8 | 100.00 | 0.153 7 | 100.00 | 0.033 8 | 100.00 | 0.469 8 | 100.00 | ||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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