关键词:胡麻; 农艺性状; 生理生化指标; 抗旱性综合评价; 隶属函数 Comprehensive Valuation of Drought Resistance and Screening of Indices of Important Flax Cultivars LUO Jun-Jie1, OU Qiao-Ming1,*, YE Chun-Lei1, WANG Fang1, WANG Yong-Zhen2, CHEN Yu-Liang1,* 1Biotechnology Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Fund: AbstractSeven main agronomic traits, eight physiological indices and yield index of 15 main flax cultivars in China were measured during maturity under the conditions of irrigation and natural rainfall. Comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC value), factor analysis, subordinate function coefficients, clustering analysis, grey relational analysis were used to evaluate the drought resistance, classify drought resistance type and select evaluation indices in tested flax cultivars. The response to drought stress and correlations of tested traits and indices were different. Yield and photosynthesis factors as well as leaf antioxidant factors were closely associated with drought resistance, so could be used as priority indicator of drought resistance evaluation. Factor analysis showed that six common factors could represent 90.89% of the original information of flax drought resistance data. The ranks of drought resistance of tested flax cultivars based on drought resistance comprehensive evaluation values (D value) and weight drought resistance coefficient (WDC value) were similar, the drought resistance was the same for six flax cultivars, arranging from the first to third in drought resistance. D values of tested flax cultivars had significant and positive correlation with CDC value, WDC value and Y value. Y values of tested flax cultivars also had very significant and positive correlation with CDC value and WDC value. According to D value clustering analysis, tested cultivars were divided into five grades in drought resistance, reflecting the diffirence of cultivars in breeding condition and adaptive region growing well. Drought resistance evaluated mainly with yield by D value as index and WDC value as auxiliary index in flax were appropriate and accurate. Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation methods can be used in studying exactly drought resistance evaluation, classification of drought resistant type and screening evaluation indices in flax.
Keyword:Flax; Agronomic traits; Physiological and biochemical indices; Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation; Subordinate function coefficients Show Figures Show Figures
表1 干旱胁迫处理和正常灌溉处理条件下的供试胡麻品种主要农艺性状性状测定值及其均值差异分析 Table 1 Measured value of main agronomic traits of tested flax cultivars under drought stress and irrigation and its mean variance analysis
表1 干旱胁迫处理和正常灌溉处理条件下的供试胡麻品种主要农艺性状性状测定值及其均值差异分析 Table 1 Measured value of main agronomic traits of tested flax cultivars under drought stress and irrigation and its mean variance analysis
采用随机区组排列, 分别设干旱胁迫(自然降雨, 全生育期不灌溉)和对照(全生育期灌水2次) 2个处理, 重复3次。每处理15个品种, 小区面积24 m2(6 m×4 m), 行距20 cm, 于4月7日人工开沟撒播, 种植密度900万粒 hm-2, 干旱胁迫与对照处理间隔5 m, 种植保护区, 处理间小区边界均用培土分离, 播种前施尿素300 kg hm-2和磷酸二氢铵150 kg hm-2, 按当地大田生产管理。 1.2 试验区胡麻生育期降水及土壤水分状况图1反映了2011—2012年试验区胡麻全生育期(1月至8月)降雨量的动态趋势, 反映出本试验区降雨时空分布不均衡的特征, 说明自然降雨是胡麻生长季节干旱胁迫时水分的唯一补给来源。图2反映了2011—2012年试验区田间土壤含水量(soil water content, SWC)测试结果及其动态趋势, 相同处理不同土层深度SWC间差异明显(图2); 同一土层深度在盛花前期(6月9日) (均值差 dj = -1.344, t = 0.474, P = 0.478)和盛花后期(7月16日) (均值差 dj = -0.278, t = 0.4203, P = 0.6853) 在干旱胁迫和正常灌水处理间SWC差异不显著, 但在盛花期(6月27日) (均值差 dj = -6.578, t = 17.364, P = 0.0001)差异达极显著水平(图2), 相同处理3个测定时间的SWC差异亦达显著或极显著水平。说明干旱胁迫处理在胡麻盛花期SWC下降最明显, 水分透支严重, 胡麻受干旱胁迫亦最显著, 说明在该区域正常年份利用自然降雨控制田间水分, 实现对胡麻的干旱胁迫并加以研究是可行的。所以选择以盛花期筛选抗旱指标及评价抗旱性。 图1 Fig. 1
图1 2011-2012年试验区胡麻全生育期(1月至8月)旬降雨量动态Fig. 1 Dynamic of average rainfall of each ten-day at the whole growth period (from Jan. to Aug.) of flax in 2011-2012
表2 干旱胁迫处理和正常灌溉处理条件下的供试胡麻品种主要生理指标测定值及其均值差异分析 Table 2 Measured values of main physiological indicatros of tested falx cultivars under drought stress and irrigation and its mean variance analysis
表2 干旱胁迫处理和正常灌溉处理条件下的供试胡麻品种主要生理指标测定值及其均值差异分析 Table 2 Measured values of main physiological indicatros of tested falx cultivars under drought stress and irrigation and its mean variance analysis
表6 不同胡麻品种抗旱性评价的D值、CDC值、WDC值及其预测值 Table 6 Subordinate function value,D value,CDC value,WDC value,and their predict value on flax cultivars based of drought resistance evaluation
表6 不同胡麻品种抗旱性评价的D值、CDC值、WDC值及其预测值 Table 6 Subordinate function value,D value,CDC value,WDC value,and their predict value on flax cultivars based of drought resistance evaluation
表7 供试胡麻品种各性状抗旱系数与D值、WDC值的关联度及各性状指标权数 Table 7 Correlation degree between drought resistance coefficients of tested traits and D value, WDC value and traits weight of flax cultivars
性状 Trait
关联度 Correlation degree γ1)
位次 Rank
性状指标权重 Weight ωi(γ)
关联度 Correlation degree γ2)
位次 Rank
株高 Plant height
0.676
14
0.057
0.746
11
工艺长度 Processing length
0.654
15
0.055
0.716
14
有效分枝数 Number of valid branch
0.740
8
0.063
0.783
8
单株果数 Pods per plant
0.828
1
0.070
0.859
1
不实果数 Invalid pods
0.730
9
0.062
0.772
9
单株产量 Grain weight per plant
0.781
6
0.066
0.820
4
千粒重 1000-grain weight
0.800
2
0.068
0.841
2
膜透性 Membrane permeability
0.708
12
0.060
0.760
10
丙二醛 MDA
0.771
7
0.065
0.796
5
叶绿素a Chl a
0.785
3
0.067
0.795
6
叶绿素b Chl b
0.710
10
0.060
0.739
13
总叶绿素 TChl
0.698
13
0.059
0.691
15
过氧化氢酶 CAT
0.785
4
0.067
0.795
7
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD
0.710
11
0.060
0.740
12
过氧化物酶 POD
0.640
16
0.054
0.640
16
籽粒产量 Grain yield
0.784
5
0.067
0.841
3
1) D值为参考序列;2) WDC值为参考序列。 1) D value is as reference sequences;2) WDC value is as reference sequences.
表7 供试胡麻品种各性状抗旱系数与D值、WDC值的关联度及各性状指标权数 Table 7 Correlation degree between drought resistance coefficients of tested traits and D value, WDC value and traits weight of flax cultivars
表8 供试胡麻品种不同抗旱性综合评价指标的分级及其评价数据平均值 Table 8 Classification of drought resistance comprehensive evaluation indices of tested flax cultivars and their average of evaluation data
性状 Trait
μ( x)
I
II
III
IV
V
株高 Plant height
0.839
0.603
0.403
0.530
0.634
工艺长度 Processing length
1.000
0.431
0.386
0.513
0.542
有效分枝数 Number of valid branch
1.000
0.384
0.345
0.319
0.023
单株果数 Pods per plant
1.000
0.431
0.257
0.204
0
不实果数 Invalid pods
0.080
0.538
0.175
0.182
0.292
单株产量 Grain weight per plant
0.622
0.708
0.369
0.258
0
千粒重 1000-grain weight
1.000
0.551
0.454
0.344
0
膜透性 Membrane permeability
0.476
0.304
0.429
0.134
1.000
丙二醛 MDA
1.000
0.785
0.722
0.447
0
叶绿素a Chl a
0.860
0.690
0.467
0.223
0
叶绿素b Chl b
0.222
0.411
0.730
0.439
0.949
总叶绿素 TChl
0.594
0.249
0.358
0.355
0.339
过氧化氢酶 CAT
0.860
0.690
0.467
0.223
0
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD
0.222
0.411
0.730
0.439
0.949
过氧化物酶 POD
0.623
0.727
0.146
0.615
0.340
籽粒产量 Grain yield
1.000
0.790
0.705
0.531
0
品种比例 Ratio of tested cultivars (%)
6.7
26.7
20.0
40.0
6.7
CDC值 CDC value
1.024
0.926
0.878
0.822
0.770
D值 D value
0.738
0.554
0.488
0.424
0.366
WDC值 WDC value
1.034
0.930
0.876
0.820
0.760
I、II、III、IV、V表示不同抗旱等级; μ( x)表示不同抗旱级别的隶属函数平均值。 I, II, III, IV, and V represent different drought resistance levels. μ( x): the average of subordinate function value in different drought resistance level.
表8 供试胡麻品种不同抗旱性综合评价指标的分级及其评价数据平均值 Table 8 Classification of drought resistance comprehensive evaluation indices of tested flax cultivars and their average of evaluation data
2.7 逐步回归分析及抗旱性预测评价分别利用供试胡麻品种的D值、CDC值、WDC值与所有性状指标抗旱系数进行逐步回归分析, 得到回归方程(表9), 进而据回归方程(1)、(2)、(3)对各指标隶属函数的预测D值与D值、预测CDC值与CDC值、预测WDC值与WDC值做相关性分析, 两两间均达极显著正相关( P < 0.01); 统计分析显示模型方程(1)、(2)、(3)的决定系数 R2≈ 1, F检验均达极显著水平( P < 0.01), 说明预测值与实际值之间拟合度好(Durbin-Watson统计量 d ≈ 2, P < 0.01), 回归方程最优, 其解释能力强, 预测精度高, 用这3个方程进行胡麻品种抗旱性评价预测效果好。 表9 Table 9 表9(Table 9)
表9 不同胡麻品种抗旱性预测模型及不同综合评价指标间的相关性 Table 9 Predict model of drought resistance and correlation of diffirent comprehensive valuation indices of flax cultivars
x3: 有效分枝数; x4: 单株果数; x5: 不实果数; x8: 膜透性; x12: 总叶绿素; x13: 过氧化氢酶; x15: 过氧化物酶; x16: 产量。1)D: W统计量( d),** 表示 P=0.01水平相关性极显著。 x3: number of valid branch (NVB); x4: number of valid branch (NVB); x5: invalid pods (IP); x8: membrane permeability (MP); x12:TChl; x13: CAT; x15: POD; x16: grain yield (Y).1) D: W statistics ( d),** Significant at 0.01 probability level.
表9 不同胡麻品种抗旱性预测模型及不同综合评价指标间的相关性 Table 9 Predict model of drought resistance and correlation of diffirent comprehensive valuation indices of flax cultivars
4 结论采用抗旱性综合评价方法, 确定抗旱性度量值(D值)及加权抗旱系数(WDC值)为综合评价指标, 进行聚类分析和抗旱型划分, 并结合灰色关联分析、逐步回归分析筛选出关键性状指标, 建立了回归方程, 能有效反映各参试品种抗旱性、抗旱特点, 为参试品种在育种及适应区域的合理利用及其他品种(系)的抗旱性鉴定提供有价值的参考。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。
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