关键词:超级稻; 产量; 籽粒灌浆; 根系形态与生理 Morphology and Physiology of Roots and Their Relationships with Yield Formation in Super Rice CHU Guang, LIU Jie, ZHANG Hao, YANG Jian-Chang* Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China Fund: AbstractTwo super rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (indica-inclined two-line hybrid) and Yangjing 4038 (japonica), and two high-yielding rice cultivars, Yangdao 6 (indica) and Yangfujing 8 (japonica), were grown in nutrient solution in 2011 and 2012. Changes in morphological and physiological traits of roots at different growth stages and their relationships with growth and development were investigated. The results showed that both super rice varieties had greater yield potential and higher grain yield than the two elite check varieties, which was mainly due to the larger sink from the larger panicle in the super rice varieties. Root and shoot dry weight was significantly greater in super rice varieties than in check ones throughout the growth season. Root oxidation activity (ROA), total root absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area and root zeatin (Z) plus zeatin riboside (ZR) content, on a single plant basis, were significantly greater in super rice than in check varieties at the early stage. The low percentage of filled grains was closely associated with a quickly decreased root activity during grain filling. These results suggest that the yield of super rice varieties could be further increased by increasing seed setting rate through enhancing root activity during the grain filling period.
Keyword:Super rice; Grain yield; Grain filling; Morphology and physiology of roots Show Figures Show Figures
2 结果与分析2.1 产量及其构成因素两个超级稻品种2年的产量均显著高于对照品种, 两优培九平均产量为9.86 t hm-2; 扬粳4038为9.56 t hm-2, 分别较对照品种高28.37%和17.63% (表1)。超级稻品种获得高产主要得益于其较高的总颖花数, 两优培九与扬粳4038两年的平均总颖花数分别较对照品种高60.10%和28.43%。但超级稻品种 表1 Table 1 表1(Table 1)
表1 供试水稻品种产量及其构成因素 Table 1 Grain yield and yield components of rice cultivars tested
品种 Cultivar
产量 Grain yield (t hm-2)
穗数 No. of panicles (×104hm-2)
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle
总颖花量 Total spikelets (×106 hm-2)
结实率 Filled grains (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
2011
两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu
9.45 a
221.1 b
237.2 a
524.45 a
71.5 d
25.2 d
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038
9.16 a
273.2 a
165.4 b
451.87 b
76.5 c
26.5 a
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6
7.56 c
196.8 c
166.1 b
326.88 d
88.3 b
26.2 b
扬辐粳8号 Yangfujing 8
8.18 b
278.5 a
128.7 c
358.43 c
89.5 a
25.5 c
2012
两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu
10.26 a
218.3 b
240.6 a
525.23 a
78.1 c
25.0 d
扬粳4038 Yangjing 4038
9.95 a
270.9 a
167.7 b
454.30 b
82.3 b
26.6 a
扬稻6号 Yangdao 6
7.79 b
195.1 c
168.5 b
328.74 c
90.1 a
26.3 b
扬辐粳8号 Yangfujing 8
8.06 b
274.2 a
126.6 c
347.14 c
91.4 a
25.4 c
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年度 Year
29.78**
3.60*
1.64
0.13
240.86**
0.08
品种 Variety
188.22**
731.44**
1572.30**
479.44**
858.77**
61.22**
年度×品种 Year × variety
8.46**
0.14
1.10
0.60
23.85**
0.75
每一年度中, 标以不同字母的值在0.05水平上差异显著;*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。 Values within the same column followed by different letters are significantly different at 0.05 probability level;*,** denote significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
表1 供试水稻品种产量及其构成因素 Table 1 Grain yield and yield components of rice cultivars tested
图4 供试水稻品种在不同生育时期单位干重根系氧化力(A, B)和单株根系氧化力(C, D)MT: 分蘖中期; PI: 穗分化始期; HD: 抽穗期; EF: 灌浆早期; MF: 灌浆中期; LF: 灌浆后期。Fig. 4 Root oxidation activity on the basis of per unit dry weight (A, B) and per plant (C, D) of the tested rice cultivars at different growth stagesMT: mid tillering; PI: panicle initiation; HD: heading period; EF: early grain filling; MF: mid grain filling; LF: late grain filling.
图5 供试水稻品种在不同生育时期根系总吸收表面积(A, B)和活跃吸收表面积(C, D)MT: 分蘖中期; PI: 穗分化始期; HD: 抽穗期; EF: 灌浆早期; MF: 灌浆中期; LF: 灌浆后期。Fig. 5 Total absorbing surface area (A, B) and active absorbing surface area (C, D) of the tested rice cultivars at different growth stagesMT: mid tillering; PI: panicle initiation; HD: heading period; EF: early grain filling; MF: mid grain filling; LF: late grain filling.
图7 供试水稻品种在不同生育时期根系伤流液量HD: 抽穗期; MF: 灌浆中期; LF: 灌浆后期。Fig. 7 Root bleeding amount of the tested rice cultivars at different growth stagesHD: heading period; MF: mid grain filling; LF: late grain filling.
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