关键词:水稻; 栽培方式; 生育期; 干物质; 产量 Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Growth Stage, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Yield of Early Rice in Double Cropping Rice Field TANG Hai-Ming1, PANG Huan-Cheng2, XIAO Xiao-Ping1,*, NIE Ze-Min3, TANG Wen-Guang1, YU Tian-Yi2, WANG Ke1, LI Qiang4, YANG Guang-Li1 1 Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125, China
2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3 Nanxian Agricultural Bureau, Nanxian 413200, China
4 Sanxianhu Agrotechnical Station, Nanxian 413202, China
Fund: AbstractTo explore the characteristics of growth and development of early rice with different cultivation methods in the double cropping rice system in the Dongting Lake plain, we analyzed the growth stage, dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain yield of early rice with conventional and hybrid rice varieties by using seedling throwing (ST), hand transplanting (HT) and machine transplanting (MT). The results showed that the growth process of ST and HT was earlier and their whole growth period was 5-8 and 2-4 days shortened than that of MT, respectively. For dry matter weight of population, there was significant difference among the three cultivation methods at the main growth stages of early rice, showing on order ST>HT>MT. The dry matter weight ratio of root and panicle to total plant at mature stage and the dry matter weight of stem were both in a trend of HT>ST>MT. The dry matter weight ratio of leaf to total plant was MT>HT>ST at tillering and heading stages, and HT>ST>MT at grain filling and mature stages, respectively. In addition, the leaf SPAD of rice with ST and HT was significantly higher than that with MT at tillering, heading and grain filling stages. But there was no significant difference among ST, HT and MT at mature stage. Meanwhile, the leaf area index for different cultivation methods was ST>HT>MT at the main growth stages of early rice. Yield of early rice with different cultivation methods was significantly different, and that of ST was the highest, while that of MT was the lowest. Compared with MT, the yield of ST and HT increased by 1203.3-1346.7 and 776.7-1045.4 kg ha-1, indicating that the dry matter accumulation and yield of early rice with different cultivation methods have their own characteristics. Compared with HT and MT, ST had significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and its reasonable distribution, and improved yield and yield components.
图1 不同栽培方式对水稻叶片SPAD的影响TS: 分蘖盛期; HS: 齐穗期; FS: 灌浆期; MS: 成熟期。图中不同字母表示不同处理之间差异显著。Fig. 1 Effects of different cultivation methods on SPAD of rice leafTS: tillering stage; HS: heading stage; FS: filling stage; MS: maturity stage. Band represented by different letters are significantly different between different treatments.
图2 不同栽培方式对水稻叶面积指数的影响TS: 分蘖盛期; HS: 齐穗期; FS: 灌浆期; MS: 成熟期。图中不同字母表示不同处理之间差异显著。Fig. 2 Effects of different cultivation methods on leaf area index of riceTS: tillering stage; HS: heading stage; FS: filling stage; MS: maturity stage. Band represented by different letters are significantly different between different treatments.
表2 不同栽培方式水稻主要生育期群体干物重 Table 2 Dry matter weight of population at main growth stage of rice with different cultivation methods (kg hm-2)
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
群体根系干重Root dry weight of population
群体地上部总干重Shoot dry weight of population
分蘖盛期 TS
齐穗期 HS
灌浆期 FS
成熟期 MS
分蘖盛期 TS
齐穗期 HS
灌浆期 FS
成熟期 MS
2011
抛秧ST
654.9 a
680.5 a
1012.5 a
571.2 a
2187.5 a
6904.9 a
10533.0 a
10519.7 a
手插HT
460.8 b
605.9 a
814.3 a
498.6 a
1875.9 a
6133.4 a
9685.0 a
9856.6 a
机插MT
255.7 c
441.1 b
551.7 b
421.5 b
1139.8 b
5424.7 b
8455.5 b
8654.1 b
2012
抛秧ST
765.3 a
735.6 a
1027.9 a
645.7 a
2494.0 a
9128.9 a
10705.7 a
12881.0 a
手插HT
566.0 b
665.9 a
934.9 a
573.2 a
2100.7 a
7893.6 a
10288.8 a
12665.4 a
机插MT
330.6 c
542.3 b
832.6 b
458.9 b
1693.0 b
6827.7 b
9097.1 b
11384.2 b
ST: 抛栽; HT: 手插; MT: 机插. TS: 分蘖盛期; HS: 齐穗期; FS: 灌浆期; MS: 成熟期。同列内小写字母不同表示显著差异( P<0.05)。 ST: seedling throwing; HT: hand transplanting; MT: machine transplanting. TS: tillering stage; HS: heading stage; FS: filling stage; MS: maturity stage. Values followed by different small letters within a column are significantly different at P<0.05.
表2 不同栽培方式水稻主要生育期群体干物重 Table 2 Dry matter weight of population at main growth stage of rice with different cultivation methods (kg hm-2)
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 不同栽培方式水稻主要生育期地上部茎、叶和穗群体干物重 Table 3 Stem, leaf and panicle dry weight of population at main growth stage of rice with different cultivation methods (kg hm-2)
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
茎Stem
叶Leaf
穗Panicle
分蘖盛期 TS
齐穗期 HS
灌浆期 FS
成熟期 MS
分蘖盛期 TS
齐穗期 HS
灌浆期 FS
成熟期 MS
齐穗期 HS
灌浆期 FS
成熟期 MS
2011
抛秧ST
1427.6 a
4093.1 a
6335.7 a
3008.0 a
759.9 a
2096.6 a
2691.2 a
1171.9 a
715.2 a
1506.0 a
6339.8 a
手插HT
1223.5 a
3592.4 a
5866.8 a
2872.1 a
652.4 a
1904.5 a
2336.7 a
1140.3 a
636.5 a
1481.5 a
5844.3 a
机插MT
660.7 b
3144.1 b
5219.6 b
2570.0 b
479.2 b
1720.5 b
2099.8 b
916.9 b
560.1 b
1136.1 b
5167.1 b
2012
抛秧ST
1632.0 a
6069.8 a
6315.3 a
3023.3 a
862.1 a
2099.7 a
2733.1 a
1262.9 a
959.4 a
1657.2 a
8594.8 a
手插HT
1346.1 a
5472.5 a
6076.2 a
2954.8 a
754.5 a
2022.3 a
2577.8 a
1200.5 a
898.9 a
1634.8 a
8510.0 a
机插MT
1060.2 b
4436.6 b
5356.3 b
2664.6 b
632.8 b
1735.0 b
2327.4 b
1025.6 b
656.1 b
1413.3 b
7694.1 b
ST: 抛栽; HT: 手插; MT: 机插. TS: 分蘖盛期; HS: 齐穗期; FS: 灌浆期; MS: 成熟期。同列内小写字母不同表示显著差异( P<0.05)。 ST: seedling throwing; HT: hand transplanting; MT: machine transplanting. TS: tillering stage; HS: heading stage; FS: filling stage; MS: maturity stage. Values followed by different small letters within a column are significantly different at P<0.05.
表3 不同栽培方式水稻主要生育期地上部茎、叶和穗群体干物重 Table 3 Stem, leaf and panicle dry weight of population at main growth stage of rice with different cultivation methods (kg hm-2)
表4 Table 4 表4(Table 4)
表4 不同栽培方式水稻根、茎、叶、穗各部分占植株总干物质重的比例及其变化 Table 4 Dry weight ratio of root, stem, leaf, panicle to total plant and its variation at main growth stages of rice with different cultivation methods (%)
表4 不同栽培方式水稻根、茎、叶、穗各部分占植株总干物质重的比例及其变化 Table 4 Dry weight ratio of root, stem, leaf, panicle to total plant and its variation at main growth stages of rice with different cultivation methods (%)
表5 不同栽培方式水稻的产量及其构成因素 Table 5 Effects of different cultivation methods on yield and yield components of rice
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
有效穗 Effective panicle (×104 hm-2)
穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
产量 Yield (kg hm-2)
2011
抛栽ST
405.30 a
100.01 ab
88.10 ab
23.21 a
7358.70 a
手插HT
320.73 c
108.21 a
90.31 a
23.15 a
6932.10 a
机插MT
377.41 b
94.13 b
84.01 b
23.13 a
6155.40 b
2012
抛栽ST
342.46 a
124.87 ab
79.27 ab
25.63 a
7728.75 a
手插HT
301.93 c
129.89 a
83.98 a
24.52 a
7427.40 a
机插MT
320.46 b
111.71 b
76.31 b
24.45 a
6382.05 b
ST: 抛栽; HT: 手插; MT: 机插。同列内小写字母不同表示显著差异( P<0.05)。 ST: seedling throwing; HT: hand transplanting; MT: machine transplanting. Values followed by different small letters within a column are significantly different at P<0.05.
表5 不同栽培方式水稻的产量及其构成因素 Table 5 Effects of different cultivation methods on yield and yield components of rice
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