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达者何以兼济天下：高阶层再分配偏向的心理机制及谦卑的作用

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
白洁1, 杨沈龙2, 徐步霄3, 郭永玉1()
1南京师范大学心理学院, 南京 210097
2西安交通大学人文社会科学学院社会心理学研究所, 西安 710049
3绍兴文理学院大脑、心智与教育研究中心, 浙江 绍兴 312000
收稿日期:2020-08-19出版日期:2021-10-25发布日期:2021-08-23
通讯作者:郭永玉E-mail:yyguo@njnu.edu.cn

基金资助:国家自然科学基金面上项目(71971120);国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD084)

How can successful people share their goodness with the world: The psychological mechanism underlying the upper social classes’ redistributive preferences and the role of humility

BAI Jie1, YANG Shenlong2, XU Buxiao3, GUO Yongyu1()
1School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
2Institute of Social Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
3Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Shaoxing 312000, China
Received:2020-08-19Online:2021-10-25Published:2021-08-23
Contact:GUO Yongyu E-mail:yyguo@njnu.edu.cn






摘要/Abstract


摘要： 一些欧美研究发现高阶层者与低阶层者相比再分配偏向更低, 但是这一结论尚缺少跨文化一致性的证据, 而且对于这一现象的心理机制和干预策略的探讨也相对不足。基于此, 本研究通过3个子研究分别来关注我国民众再分配偏向的阶层差异及其心理机制, 并探讨可能的干预策略。结果发现：(1)与西方社会的情形相似, 在中国社会高阶层者的再分配偏向也显著低于低阶层者; (2)社会阶层对再分配偏向的影响, 部分是通过贫富差距归因倾向起作用的：与低阶层者相比, 高阶层者更倾向于将贫富差距归因于能力、努力、志向或抱负等个体内部因素, 进而再分配偏向更低; (3)通过启动高阶层者谦卑的心态, 能够降低其贫富差距内归因倾向, 进而提升其再分配偏向。此结果验证了社会阶层不平等维持模型的重要观点, 同时也为推动社会再分配、促进发展成果共享等提供了一定的社会治理启示。


表1各变量的描述性统计和相关分析
变量 %/M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1性别 51.50 —
2年龄 51.02 16.17 0.02
3民族 92.60 — 0.00 -0.03**
4宗教 11.40 — -0.08*** -0.04*** -0.22***
5政治 90.20 — 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00
6婚姻 20.60 — -0.03** 0.03** 0.01 0.02 -0.02
7客观 0.00 0.86 -0.15*** -0.40*** -0.10*** 0.07*** -0.03** 0.00
8主观 4.35 1.61 0.03* 0.00 -0.04*** 0.00 0.02 0.06*** 0.25***
9 家庭 2.67 0.72 -0.01 -0.07*** -0.05*** 0.00 0.00 0.07*** 0.31** 0.45***
10个人 1.73 0.59 -0.02* 0.00 -0.05*** 0.01 0.00 0.05*** 0.25*** 0.40*** 0.55***
11偏向 3.78 0.93 0.02 0.10*** 0.03* -0.03* 0.02 0.00 -0.12*** -0.06*** -0.08*** -0.06***

表1各变量的描述性统计和相关分析
变量 %/M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1性别 51.50 —
2年龄 51.02 16.17 0.02
3民族 92.60 — 0.00 -0.03**
4宗教 11.40 — -0.08*** -0.04*** -0.22***
5政治 90.20 — 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00
6婚姻 20.60 — -0.03** 0.03** 0.01 0.02 -0.02
7客观 0.00 0.86 -0.15*** -0.40*** -0.10*** 0.07*** -0.03** 0.00
8主观 4.35 1.61 0.03* 0.00 -0.04*** 0.00 0.02 0.06*** 0.25***
9 家庭 2.67 0.72 -0.01 -0.07*** -0.05*** 0.00 0.00 0.07*** 0.31** 0.45***
10个人 1.73 0.59 -0.02* 0.00 -0.05*** 0.01 0.00 0.05*** 0.25*** 0.40*** 0.55***
11偏向 3.78 0.93 0.02 0.10*** 0.03* -0.03* 0.02 0.00 -0.12*** -0.06*** -0.08*** -0.06***


表2各变量的描述性统计和相关分析
变量 %/M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1性别 41.70 —
2 年龄 32.73 8.73 -0.04
3 民族 94.20 — 0.00 -0.05
4 户口 60.20 — -0.05 -0.11** -0.05
5 政治 19.00 — 0.13** -0.08* -0.04 0.20***
6 宗教 90.30 — -0.07 -0.07 0.32*** 0.02 0.12**
7 婚姻 61.80 — 0.13*** 0.49*** -0.08* -0.10* -0.04 -0.14***
8 客观 0.01 0.76 -0.14*** -0.18*** 0.10* -0.30*** -0.27*** 0.12** -0.26***
9 主观 4.15 1.88 0.04 -0.07 -0.02 -0.13** -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 0.30***
10归因 0.27 1.05 0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.10* 0.11** -0.05 0.00 -0.07 0.22***
11偏向 5.35 1.00 0.03 0.23*** 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.14*** 0.09* 0.01 -0.21*** -0.15***

表2各变量的描述性统计和相关分析
变量 %/M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1性别 41.70 —
2 年龄 32.73 8.73 -0.04
3 民族 94.20 — 0.00 -0.05
4 户口 60.20 — -0.05 -0.11** -0.05
5 政治 19.00 — 0.13** -0.08* -0.04 0.20***
6 宗教 90.30 — -0.07 -0.07 0.32*** 0.02 0.12**
7 婚姻 61.80 — 0.13*** 0.49*** -0.08* -0.10* -0.04 -0.14***
8 客观 0.01 0.76 -0.14*** -0.18*** 0.10* -0.30*** -0.27*** 0.12** -0.26***
9 主观 4.15 1.88 0.04 -0.07 -0.02 -0.13** -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 0.30***
10归因 0.27 1.05 0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.10* 0.11** -0.05 0.00 -0.07 0.22***
11偏向 5.35 1.00 0.03 0.23*** 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.14*** 0.09* 0.01 -0.21*** -0.15***


表3内归因倾向在主观阶层预测效应中的中介作用分析
因变量 R2 β SE t 95% CI
内归因倾向作
因变量		 0.09
年龄 0.03 0.05 0.64 [-0.06, 0.12]
户口类型 0.09 0.04 2.32* [0.01, 0.17]
政治面貌 0.16 0.04 3.76*** [0.08, 0.25]
宗教信仰 -0.06 0.04 -1.44 [-0.13, 0.02]
婚姻状况 -0.07 0.05 -1.46 [-0.17, 0.02]
主观阶层 0.24 0.04 6.11*** [0.16, 0.32]
再分配偏向作
因变量		 0.14
年龄 0.25 0.04 5.77*** [0.17, 0.34]
户口类型 0.03 0.04 0.78 [-0.05, 0.11]
政治面貌 0.01 0.04 0.19 [-0.08, 0.09]
宗教信仰 0.15 0.04 3.82*** [0.07, 0.22]
婚姻状况 -0.02 0.05 -0.38 [-0.11, 0.08]
主观阶层 -0.17 0.04 -4.20*** [-0.24, -0.09]
内归因倾向 -0.11 0.04 -2.85* [-0.19, -0.04]

表3内归因倾向在主观阶层预测效应中的中介作用分析
因变量 R2 β SE t 95% CI
内归因倾向作
因变量		 0.09
年龄 0.03 0.05 0.64 [-0.06, 0.12]
户口类型 0.09 0.04 2.32* [0.01, 0.17]
政治面貌 0.16 0.04 3.76*** [0.08, 0.25]
宗教信仰 -0.06 0.04 -1.44 [-0.13, 0.02]
婚姻状况 -0.07 0.05 -1.46 [-0.17, 0.02]
主观阶层 0.24 0.04 6.11*** [0.16, 0.32]
再分配偏向作
因变量		 0.14
年龄 0.25 0.04 5.77*** [0.17, 0.34]
户口类型 0.03 0.04 0.78 [-0.05, 0.11]
政治面貌 0.01 0.04 0.19 [-0.08, 0.09]
宗教信仰 0.15 0.04 3.82*** [0.07, 0.22]
婚姻状况 -0.02 0.05 -0.38 [-0.11, 0.08]
主观阶层 -0.17 0.04 -4.20*** [-0.24, -0.09]
内归因倾向 -0.11 0.04 -2.85* [-0.19, -0.04]


表4内归因倾向在客观阶层预测效应中的中介作用分析
因变量 R2 β SE t 95% CI
内归因倾向作因变量 0.03
年龄 0.03 0.05 0.64 [-0.06, 0.12]
户口类型 0.04 0.04 0.96 [-0.04, 0.13]
政治面貌 0.18 0.05 3.82*** [0.09, 0.28]
宗教信仰 -0.04 0.04 -0.99 [-0.13,.04]
婚姻状况 -0.08 0.05 -1.54 [-.18, 0.02]
客观阶层 0.03 0.06 0.42 [-0.10, 0.15]
再分配偏向作因变量 0.10
年龄 0.27 0.05 5.86*** [0.18, 0.36]
户口类型 0.06 0.04 1.39 [-0.02, 0.14]
政治面貌 0.04 0.05 0.90 [-0.05, 0.14]
宗教信仰 0.14 0.04 3.34*** [0.06, 0.23]
婚姻状况 -0.02 0.05 -0.35 [-0.12, 0.08]
客观阶层 0.08 0.06 1.31 [-0.04, 0.21]
内归因倾向 -0.15 0.04 -3.65*** [-0.23, -0.07]

表4内归因倾向在客观阶层预测效应中的中介作用分析
因变量 R2 β SE t 95% CI
内归因倾向作因变量 0.03
年龄 0.03 0.05 0.64 [-0.06, 0.12]
户口类型 0.04 0.04 0.96 [-0.04, 0.13]
政治面貌 0.18 0.05 3.82*** [0.09, 0.28]
宗教信仰 -0.04 0.04 -0.99 [-0.13,.04]
婚姻状况 -0.08 0.05 -1.54 [-.18, 0.02]
客观阶层 0.03 0.06 0.42 [-0.10, 0.15]
再分配偏向作因变量 0.10
年龄 0.27 0.05 5.86*** [0.18, 0.36]
户口类型 0.06 0.04 1.39 [-0.02, 0.14]
政治面貌 0.04 0.05 0.90 [-0.05, 0.14]
宗教信仰 0.14 0.04 3.34*** [0.06, 0.23]
婚姻状况 -0.02 0.05 -0.35 [-0.12, 0.08]
客观阶层 0.08 0.06 1.31 [-0.04, 0.21]
内归因倾向 -0.15 0.04 -3.65*** [-0.23, -0.07]







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