) 北京大学心理与认知科学学院暨行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室, 北京 100871
收稿日期:2019-12-27出版日期:2021-04-25发布日期:2021-04-07通讯作者:侯玉波E-mail:houyubo@pku.edu.cn基金资助:*国家自然科学基金项目(31671159)Confucian ideal personality traits (Junzi personality) and mental health: The serial mediating roles of self-control and authenticity
GE Xiaoyu, HOU Yubo() School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaM
Received:2019-12-27Online:2021-04-25Published:2021-04-07Contact:HOU Yubo E-mail:houyubo@pku.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 基于儒学经典命题提出君子人格通过自我控制与真实性的链式中介对心理健康产生正向效应的假设, 运用多种方法进行验证(总样本量为1169)。结果表明, 君子人格正向预测同时测量的心理健康(研究1)和6个月后测量的自尊、核心自我评价、情感平衡, 负向预测心理症状(研究4); 君子人格正向预测自我控制特质(研究1)和自我控制决策(研究3和研究4), 受到情境模拟操纵的自我控制提升心理健康与真实性(研究2), 受到回忆启动操纵的真实性提升心理健康(研究3); 链式中介作用也得到了同时和跨时间点测量、统计控制和实验控制等多方法结果的支持。君子人格水平较高的人, 更易自我控制, 由此感到自己的行为与真实自我更加一致与贯通, 因此具有更积极的心理状态。
图/表 7
图1基于儒学经典命题的整体假设模型
图1基于儒学经典命题的整体假设模型表1研究1各变量的平均值、标准差及相关关系(N = 207)
| 变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.性别 | 0.48 | 0.50 | |||||||
| 2.年龄 | 32.96 | 7.97 | -0.07 | ||||||
| 3.最高学历 | 2.99 | 0.68 | 0.17* | -0.16* | |||||
| 4.君子人格 | 159.13 | 17.32 | 0.06 | 0.18* | 0.25*** | ||||
| 5.自我控制 | 73.26 | 7.41 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.17* | 0.47*** | |||
| 6.真实性 | 57.75 | 8.55 | -0.03 | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.38*** | 0.45*** | ||
| 7.心理健康 | 183.29 | 58.43 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.44*** | 0.44*** | 0.40*** | |
| 8.社会赞许性 | 18.70 | 9.68 | -0.08 | 0.11 | 0.15 * | 0.35*** | 0.32*** | 0.28*** | 0.41*** |
表1研究1各变量的平均值、标准差及相关关系(N = 207)
| 变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.性别 | 0.48 | 0.50 | |||||||
| 2.年龄 | 32.96 | 7.97 | -0.07 | ||||||
| 3.最高学历 | 2.99 | 0.68 | 0.17* | -0.16* | |||||
| 4.君子人格 | 159.13 | 17.32 | 0.06 | 0.18* | 0.25*** | ||||
| 5.自我控制 | 73.26 | 7.41 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.17* | 0.47*** | |||
| 6.真实性 | 57.75 | 8.55 | -0.03 | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.38*** | 0.45*** | ||
| 7.心理健康 | 183.29 | 58.43 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.44*** | 0.44*** | 0.40*** | |
| 8.社会赞许性 | 18.70 | 9.68 | -0.08 | 0.11 | 0.15 * | 0.35*** | 0.32*** | 0.28*** | 0.41*** |
图2自我控制与真实性在君子人格对心理健康效应中的链式中介作用(研究1)
图2自我控制与真实性在君子人格对心理健康效应中的链式中介作用(研究1)
图3人为控制自我控制后, 君子人格对真实性和心理健康的效应减弱(研究2)
图3人为控制自我控制后, 君子人格对真实性和心理健康的效应减弱(研究2)
图4人为控制真实性后, 君子人格与自我控制对心理健康的效应减弱(研究3)
图4人为控制真实性后, 君子人格与自我控制对心理健康的效应减弱(研究3)表2研究4各变量的平均值、标准差及相关关系(N = 220)
| 变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.性别 | 0.55 | 0.50 | ||||||||||||||
| 2.年龄 | 21.30 | 2.13 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||
| 3.君子人格 | 161.75 | 17.01 | 0.02 | -0.01 | ||||||||||||
| 4.自我控制 | 4.56 | 1.60 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.44*** | |||||||||||
| 5.真实性 | 69.35 | 6.47 | -0.11 | -0.08 | 0.62*** | 0.44*** | ||||||||||
| 6.自尊 | 32.10 | 3.82 | -0.07 | -0.04 | 0.44*** | 0.39*** | 0.55*** | |||||||||
| 7.核心自我评价 | 37.50 | 6.04 | -0.16* | -0.04 | 0.55*** | 0.44*** | 0.60*** | 0.82*** | ||||||||
| 8.情感平衡 | 7.04 | 2.09 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.52*** | 0.39*** | 0.54*** | 0.59*** | 0.67*** | |||||||
| 9.心理症状 | 32.90 | 20.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | -0.45*** | -0.38*** | -0.49*** | -0.56*** | -0.61*** | -0.60*** | ||||||
表2研究4各变量的平均值、标准差及相关关系(N = 220)
| 变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.性别 | 0.55 | 0.50 | ||||||||||||||
| 2.年龄 | 21.30 | 2.13 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||
| 3.君子人格 | 161.75 | 17.01 | 0.02 | -0.01 | ||||||||||||
| 4.自我控制 | 4.56 | 1.60 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.44*** | |||||||||||
| 5.真实性 | 69.35 | 6.47 | -0.11 | -0.08 | 0.62*** | 0.44*** | ||||||||||
| 6.自尊 | 32.10 | 3.82 | -0.07 | -0.04 | 0.44*** | 0.39*** | 0.55*** | |||||||||
| 7.核心自我评价 | 37.50 | 6.04 | -0.16* | -0.04 | 0.55*** | 0.44*** | 0.60*** | 0.82*** | ||||||||
| 8.情感平衡 | 7.04 | 2.09 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.52*** | 0.39*** | 0.54*** | 0.59*** | 0.67*** | |||||||
| 9.心理症状 | 32.90 | 20.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | -0.45*** | -0.38*** | -0.49*** | -0.56*** | -0.61*** | -0.60*** | ||||||
表3自我控制与真实性在君子人格对心理健康效应中的链式中介作用(研究4)
| 自变量 | 以自我控制为 因变量 | 以真实性为 因变量 | 以自尊为 因变量 | 以核心自我评价为 因变量 | 以情感平衡为 因变量 | 以心理症状为 因变量 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 0.03 ([-0.09, 0.15]) | -0.13 ([-0.23, -0.03]) | -0.03 ([-0.14, 0.08]) | -0.13 ([-0.24, -0.03]) | -0.01 ([-0.12, 0.10]) | 0.02 ([-0.09, 0.14]) |
| 年龄 | 0.02 ([-0.10, 0.14]) | -0.07 ([-0.17, 0.03]) | -0.01 ([-0.12, 0.10]) | -0.01 ([-0.11, 0.09]) | 0.02 ([-0.09, 0.13]) | 0.04 ([-0.07, 0.15]) |
| 君子人格 | 0.44 ([0.32, 0.56]) | 0.53 ([0.41, 0.64]) | 0.12 ([-0.03, 0.26]) | 0.25 ([0.12, 0.38]) | 0.26 ([0.11, 0.40]) | -0.21 ([-0.36, -0.06]) |
| 自我控制 | 0.22 ([0.10, 0.33]) | 0.16 ([0.03, 0.29]) | 0.18 ([0.06, 0.29]) | 0.13 ([0.01, 0.26]) | -0.16 ([-0.29, -0.03]) | |
| 真实性 | 0.40 ([0.25, 0.55]) | 0.35 ([0.22, 0.49]) | 0.33 ([0.18, 0.47]) | -0.28 ([-0.43, -0.13]) | ||
| 以自我控制为中介的间接效应 | 0.07 ([0.02, 0.14]) | 0.08 ([0.03, 0.14]) | 0.06 ([0.01, 0.12]) | -0.07 ([-0.14, -0.01]) | ||
| 以真实性为中介的间接效应 | 0.21 ([0.13, 0.31]) | 0.19 ([0.11, 0.28]) | 0.17 ([0.08, 0.28]) | -0.15 ([-0.27, -0.06]) | ||
| 以二者为中介的间接效应 | 0.04 ([0.02, 0.08]) | 0.03 ([0.01, 0.07]) | 0.03 ([0.01, 0.07 ]) | -0.03 ([-0.06, -0.01]) | ||
| 间接效应合计 | 0.32 ([0.23, 0.42]) | 0.30 ([0.22, 0.40]) | 0.26 ([0.15, 0.38]) | -0.24 ([-0.38, -0.13]) | ||
| R2 | 0.20 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.29 |
| F | 17.68 (p < 0.001) | 42.39 (p < 0.001) | 21.64 (p < 0.001) | 34.92 (p < 0.001) | 24.10 (p < 0.001) | 17.73 (p < 0.001) |
表3自我控制与真实性在君子人格对心理健康效应中的链式中介作用(研究4)
| 自变量 | 以自我控制为 因变量 | 以真实性为 因变量 | 以自尊为 因变量 | 以核心自我评价为 因变量 | 以情感平衡为 因变量 | 以心理症状为 因变量 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 0.03 ([-0.09, 0.15]) | -0.13 ([-0.23, -0.03]) | -0.03 ([-0.14, 0.08]) | -0.13 ([-0.24, -0.03]) | -0.01 ([-0.12, 0.10]) | 0.02 ([-0.09, 0.14]) |
| 年龄 | 0.02 ([-0.10, 0.14]) | -0.07 ([-0.17, 0.03]) | -0.01 ([-0.12, 0.10]) | -0.01 ([-0.11, 0.09]) | 0.02 ([-0.09, 0.13]) | 0.04 ([-0.07, 0.15]) |
| 君子人格 | 0.44 ([0.32, 0.56]) | 0.53 ([0.41, 0.64]) | 0.12 ([-0.03, 0.26]) | 0.25 ([0.12, 0.38]) | 0.26 ([0.11, 0.40]) | -0.21 ([-0.36, -0.06]) |
| 自我控制 | 0.22 ([0.10, 0.33]) | 0.16 ([0.03, 0.29]) | 0.18 ([0.06, 0.29]) | 0.13 ([0.01, 0.26]) | -0.16 ([-0.29, -0.03]) | |
| 真实性 | 0.40 ([0.25, 0.55]) | 0.35 ([0.22, 0.49]) | 0.33 ([0.18, 0.47]) | -0.28 ([-0.43, -0.13]) | ||
| 以自我控制为中介的间接效应 | 0.07 ([0.02, 0.14]) | 0.08 ([0.03, 0.14]) | 0.06 ([0.01, 0.12]) | -0.07 ([-0.14, -0.01]) | ||
| 以真实性为中介的间接效应 | 0.21 ([0.13, 0.31]) | 0.19 ([0.11, 0.28]) | 0.17 ([0.08, 0.28]) | -0.15 ([-0.27, -0.06]) | ||
| 以二者为中介的间接效应 | 0.04 ([0.02, 0.08]) | 0.03 ([0.01, 0.07]) | 0.03 ([0.01, 0.07 ]) | -0.03 ([-0.06, -0.01]) | ||
| 间接效应合计 | 0.32 ([0.23, 0.42]) | 0.30 ([0.22, 0.40]) | 0.26 ([0.15, 0.38]) | -0.24 ([-0.38, -0.13]) | ||
| R2 | 0.20 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.29 |
| F | 17.68 (p < 0.001) | 42.39 (p < 0.001) | 21.64 (p < 0.001) | 34.92 (p < 0.001) | 24.10 (p < 0.001) | 17.73 (p < 0.001) |
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