) 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室, 华中师范大学心理学院, 湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室, 武汉 430079
收稿日期:2019-10-18出版日期:2020-04-25发布日期:2020-02-25通讯作者:江光荣E-mail:grjiang@yeah.net基金资助:* 国家社科基金重大招标项目(16ZDA232)Meta-analysis of the effect of mental health literacy intervention in Chinese people
REN Zhihong, ZHAO Chunxiao, TIAN Fan, YAN Yupeng, LI Danyang, ZHAO Ziyi, TAN Mengling, JIANG Guangrong() Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
Received:2019-10-18Online:2020-04-25Published:2020-02-25Contact:JIANG Guangrong E-mail:grjiang@yeah.net摘要/Abstract
摘要： 本研究遵循PRISMA-Protocol, 运用元分析的技术, 以心理健康素养的知识、污名态度和求助为结果变量, 考察干预效果及影响因素, 以期为更高效地提升心理健康素养提供参考。元分析共纳入38项研究。结果发现：干预对知识、污名态度和求助的即时效果量达到显著的中到大的效果(知识：g = 0.70, 污名态度：g = -0.52, 求助：g = 1.18)。亚组分析结果表明：心理健康素养的干预效果受地域、被干预者类型、干预中的互动与接触以及试验类型等多个变量的影响。后续研究应进一步探索心理健康素养的调节变量, 并结合中国文化, 制定针对不同干预对象的个性化干预方案, 以提升干预效益。
图/表 9
图1文献检索与筛选流程图
图1文献检索与筛选流程图表1心理健康素养的干预：效果量及异质性检验和发表偏倚检验
| 结果 变量 | k | N | g (95% CI) | 敏感性检验 | 异质性检验 | 发表偏倚检验 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g (95% CI) | Qw | df | I2 | Nfs | Egger’s intercept | SE | 95% CI | p | ||||
| 知识 | ||||||||||||
| 后测 | 22 | 9159 | 0.70***(0.51, 0.90) | 0.74*** (0.54, 0.95) | 337.26*** | 21 | 93.78 | 3416 | 0.67 | 1.53 | [-2.52, 3.86] | 0.67 |
| 6个月内 | 7 | 3222 | 0.67***(0.61, 0.74) | 无异常值 | 1.71 | 6 | 0 | 531 | 0.21 | 0.41 | [-0.84, 1.26] | 0.62 |
| 6个月后 | 4 | 209 | 0.74**(0.06, 1.41) | 1.001***(0.35, 1.66) | 22.91*** | 3 | 86.90 | 29 | 23.96 | 7.02 | [-6.23, 54.15] | 0.08 |
| 污名态度 | ||||||||||||
| 后测 | 26 | 8435 | -0.52**(-0.90, -0.16) | -0.64*** (-1.09, -0.19) | 1429.56*** | 25 | 98.25 | 1803 | -4.71 | 3.23 | [-11.36, 1.95] | 0.16 |
| 6个月内 | 7 | 4331 | -0.17 (-0.45, 0.12) | -0.121 (-0.59, 0.25) | 84.26*** | 6 | 92.88 | 0 | -6.12 | 1.20 | [-9.20, -3.04] | 0.004 |
| 6个月后 | 2 | 246 | -0.34**(-0.59, -0.09) | -0.32**(-0.62, -0.02) | 0.07 | 1 | 0 | / | / | / | / | / |
| 求助 | ||||||||||||
| 后测 | 9 | 2087 | 1.18***(0.55, 1.80) | 3.65 (-0.52, 7.82) | 493.41*** | 8 | 98.38 | 162 | 6.08 | 3.62 | [-2.49, 14.64] | 0.14 |
| 6个月内 | 2 | 2304 | -0.04 (-0.11, 0.04) | / | 0.87 | 1 | 0 | / | / | / | / | / |
| 6个月后 | 0 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
表1心理健康素养的干预：效果量及异质性检验和发表偏倚检验
| 结果 变量 | k | N | g (95% CI) | 敏感性检验 | 异质性检验 | 发表偏倚检验 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g (95% CI) | Qw | df | I2 | Nfs | Egger’s intercept | SE | 95% CI | p | ||||
| 知识 | ||||||||||||
| 后测 | 22 | 9159 | 0.70***(0.51, 0.90) | 0.74*** (0.54, 0.95) | 337.26*** | 21 | 93.78 | 3416 | 0.67 | 1.53 | [-2.52, 3.86] | 0.67 |
| 6个月内 | 7 | 3222 | 0.67***(0.61, 0.74) | 无异常值 | 1.71 | 6 | 0 | 531 | 0.21 | 0.41 | [-0.84, 1.26] | 0.62 |
| 6个月后 | 4 | 209 | 0.74**(0.06, 1.41) | 1.001***(0.35, 1.66) | 22.91*** | 3 | 86.90 | 29 | 23.96 | 7.02 | [-6.23, 54.15] | 0.08 |
| 污名态度 | ||||||||||||
| 后测 | 26 | 8435 | -0.52**(-0.90, -0.16) | -0.64*** (-1.09, -0.19) | 1429.56*** | 25 | 98.25 | 1803 | -4.71 | 3.23 | [-11.36, 1.95] | 0.16 |
| 6个月内 | 7 | 4331 | -0.17 (-0.45, 0.12) | -0.121 (-0.59, 0.25) | 84.26*** | 6 | 92.88 | 0 | -6.12 | 1.20 | [-9.20, -3.04] | 0.004 |
| 6个月后 | 2 | 246 | -0.34**(-0.59, -0.09) | -0.32**(-0.62, -0.02) | 0.07 | 1 | 0 | / | / | / | / | / |
| 求助 | ||||||||||||
| 后测 | 9 | 2087 | 1.18***(0.55, 1.80) | 3.65 (-0.52, 7.82) | 493.41*** | 8 | 98.38 | 162 | 6.08 | 3.62 | [-2.49, 14.64] | 0.14 |
| 6个月内 | 2 | 2304 | -0.04 (-0.11, 0.04) | / | 0.87 | 1 | 0 | / | / | / | / | / |
| 6个月后 | 0 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
表2调节变量对知识的干预效果的元回归分析
| 调节变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | |
| 年龄 | -0.004 (-0.03, 0.02) | 0.012 | 0.001 (-0.02, 0.02) | 0.01 | 0.002 (-0.03, 0.02) | 0.01 |
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 0.18 (-0.27, 0.71) | 0.275 | 0.57** (0.16, 0.98) | 0.21 | 0.47 (-0.04, 0.98) | 0.26 |
| 港澳台[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 干预周期 | — | — | -0.04 (-0.10, 0.02) | 0.03 | -0.03 (-0.10, 0.05) | 0.04 |
| 干预时间 | — | — | 0.02 (-0.01, 0.04) | 0.02 | 0.01 (-0.02, 0.04) | 0.01 |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | -0.21 (-0.76, 0.34) | 0.28 | -0.33 (-0.96, 0.31) | 0.33 | ||
| 否[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | -0.86 (-1.88, 0.15) | 0.52 | 0.66 (-1.86, 0.53) | 0.61 | ||
| 否[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | 1.23*(0.27, 2.18) | 0.49 | 1.03 (-0.11, 2.17) | 0.58 | ||
| 低互动[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 被干预者间互动 | ||||||
| 有 | -0.47 (-1.44, 0.49) | 0.49 | -0.11 (-1.48, 1.27) | -0.11 | ||
| 无[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | — | — | 0.31 (-0.44, 1.06) | 0.38 | ||
| 非RCT [参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| R2 | 0.01 | 0.74 | 0.70 | |||
| Q (df) | 0.55 (2) | 16.35* (8) | 15.81*(9) | |||
表2调节变量对知识的干预效果的元回归分析
| 调节变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | |
| 年龄 | -0.004 (-0.03, 0.02) | 0.012 | 0.001 (-0.02, 0.02) | 0.01 | 0.002 (-0.03, 0.02) | 0.01 |
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 0.18 (-0.27, 0.71) | 0.275 | 0.57** (0.16, 0.98) | 0.21 | 0.47 (-0.04, 0.98) | 0.26 |
| 港澳台[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 干预周期 | — | — | -0.04 (-0.10, 0.02) | 0.03 | -0.03 (-0.10, 0.05) | 0.04 |
| 干预时间 | — | — | 0.02 (-0.01, 0.04) | 0.02 | 0.01 (-0.02, 0.04) | 0.01 |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | -0.21 (-0.76, 0.34) | 0.28 | -0.33 (-0.96, 0.31) | 0.33 | ||
| 否[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | -0.86 (-1.88, 0.15) | 0.52 | 0.66 (-1.86, 0.53) | 0.61 | ||
| 否[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | 1.23*(0.27, 2.18) | 0.49 | 1.03 (-0.11, 2.17) | 0.58 | ||
| 低互动[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 被干预者间互动 | ||||||
| 有 | -0.47 (-1.44, 0.49) | 0.49 | -0.11 (-1.48, 1.27) | -0.11 | ||
| 无[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | — | — | 0.31 (-0.44, 1.06) | 0.38 | ||
| 非RCT [参照变量] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| R2 | 0.01 | 0.74 | 0.70 | |||
| Q (df) | 0.55 (2) | 16.35* (8) | 15.81*(9) | |||
表3调节变量对污名态度的干预效果的元回归分析
| 调节变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | |
| 年龄 | -0.03 (-0.07, 0.01) | 0.023 | -0.04 (-0.10, 0.01) | 0.03 | -0.81 (-0.14, -0.02) | 0.03 |
| 被干预者类型 | ||||||
| 专业人员 | -0.88 (-2.26, 0.50) | 0.702 | -1.69 (-3.39, 0.55) | 1.14 | 0.12 (-2.55, 2.79) | 1.36 |
| 非专业人员[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | -0.28 (-1.51, 0.95) | 0.626 | -0.64 (-2.22, 0.94) | 0.82 | -1.25 (-2.79, 0.28) | 0.78 |
| 港澳台[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 干预周期 | 0.04 (-0.21, 0.28) | 1.23 | 0.21 (-0.07, 0.49) | 0.14 | ||
| 干预时间 | 0.23 (-0.03, 0.07) | 0.03 | 0.01 (-0.04, 0.05) | 0.02 | ||
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | -0.16 (-1.81, 1.49) | 0.84 | -0.74 (-2.31, 0.84) | 0.80 | ||
| 否[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | -059 (-2.73, 1.55) | -0.59 | -0.48 (-2.39, 1.43) | 0.97 | ||
| 低互动[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 0.04 (-1.95, 2.04) | 1.02 | 0.63 (-1.23, 2.49) | 0.95 | ||
| 无[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 2.33* (0.03, 4.65) | 1.18 | ||||
| 非RCT (参照变量) | — | — | — | — | ||
| R2 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.45 | |||
| Q (df) | 4.20 (3) | 6.14 (8) | 11.71 (9) | |||
表3调节变量对污名态度的干预效果的元回归分析
| 调节变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | b (95% CI) | SE | |
| 年龄 | -0.03 (-0.07, 0.01) | 0.023 | -0.04 (-0.10, 0.01) | 0.03 | -0.81 (-0.14, -0.02) | 0.03 |
| 被干预者类型 | ||||||
| 专业人员 | -0.88 (-2.26, 0.50) | 0.702 | -1.69 (-3.39, 0.55) | 1.14 | 0.12 (-2.55, 2.79) | 1.36 |
| 非专业人员[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | -0.28 (-1.51, 0.95) | 0.626 | -0.64 (-2.22, 0.94) | 0.82 | -1.25 (-2.79, 0.28) | 0.78 |
| 港澳台[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 干预周期 | 0.04 (-0.21, 0.28) | 1.23 | 0.21 (-0.07, 0.49) | 0.14 | ||
| 干预时间 | 0.23 (-0.03, 0.07) | 0.03 | 0.01 (-0.04, 0.05) | 0.02 | ||
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | -0.16 (-1.81, 1.49) | 0.84 | -0.74 (-2.31, 0.84) | 0.80 | ||
| 否[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | -059 (-2.73, 1.55) | -0.59 | -0.48 (-2.39, 1.43) | 0.97 | ||
| 低互动[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 0.04 (-1.95, 2.04) | 1.02 | 0.63 (-1.23, 2.49) | 0.95 | ||
| 无[参照变量] | — | — | — | — | ||
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 2.33* (0.03, 4.65) | 1.18 | ||||
| 非RCT (参照变量) | — | — | — | — | ||
| R2 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.45 | |||
| Q (df) | 4.20 (3) | 6.14 (8) | 11.71 (9) | |||
附表1中国心理健康素养干预效果的分析纳入研究的特征
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附表1中国心理健康素养干预效果的分析纳入研究的特征
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知识的亚组分析结果
| 亚组 | k | g (95% CI) | Z | Q | I2 (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 13 | 0.46(0.40, 0.52) | 15.35*** | 201.26*** | 94.04 | p < 0.001 |
| 港澳台 | 9 | 0.86(0.79, 0.92) | 27.72*** | 55.58*** | 85.61 | |
| 被干预者类型 | ||||||
| 专业人员 | 3 | 0.44(0.26, 0.62) | 4.81*** | 2.04 | 2.16 | 0.024** |
| 非专业人员 | 19 | 0.65(0.60, 0.69) | 28.25*** | 330.51*** | 94.55 | |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | 14 | 0.85(0.58, 1.13) | 6.12*** | 187.37*** | 93.06 | p < 0.001 |
| 低互动 | 8 | 0.46(0.29.0.63) | 5.37*** | 35.23*** | 80.17 | |
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 14 | 0.88(0.82, 0.94) | 27.28*** | 184.76*** | 92.96 | p < 0.001 |
| 无 | 8 | 0.41(0.35, 0.47) | 13.52*** | 42*** | 83.33 | |
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 6 | 0.37(0.23, 0.51) | 5.21** | 39.80*** | 87.44 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 16 | 0.66(0.62, 0.71) | 282.02*** | 283.95*** | 94.68 | |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 9 | 0.78(0.63, 0.93) | 10.14*** | 95.34*** | 91.61 | 0.048* |
| 否 | 13 | 0.62(0.58, 0.67) | 26.78*** | 238.00*** | 94.56 | |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 16 | 0.46(0.41, 0.52) | 15.98*** | 204.07*** | 92.65 | p < 0.001 |
| 非RCT | 6 | 0.88(0.81, 0.94) | 25.41*** | 48.66*** | 89.73 |
知识的亚组分析结果
| 亚组 | k | g (95% CI) | Z | Q | I2 (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 13 | 0.46(0.40, 0.52) | 15.35*** | 201.26*** | 94.04 | p < 0.001 |
| 港澳台 | 9 | 0.86(0.79, 0.92) | 27.72*** | 55.58*** | 85.61 | |
| 被干预者类型 | ||||||
| 专业人员 | 3 | 0.44(0.26, 0.62) | 4.81*** | 2.04 | 2.16 | 0.024** |
| 非专业人员 | 19 | 0.65(0.60, 0.69) | 28.25*** | 330.51*** | 94.55 | |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | 14 | 0.85(0.58, 1.13) | 6.12*** | 187.37*** | 93.06 | p < 0.001 |
| 低互动 | 8 | 0.46(0.29.0.63) | 5.37*** | 35.23*** | 80.17 | |
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 14 | 0.88(0.82, 0.94) | 27.28*** | 184.76*** | 92.96 | p < 0.001 |
| 无 | 8 | 0.41(0.35, 0.47) | 13.52*** | 42*** | 83.33 | |
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 6 | 0.37(0.23, 0.51) | 5.21** | 39.80*** | 87.44 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 16 | 0.66(0.62, 0.71) | 282.02*** | 283.95*** | 94.68 | |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 9 | 0.78(0.63, 0.93) | 10.14*** | 95.34*** | 91.61 | 0.048* |
| 否 | 13 | 0.62(0.58, 0.67) | 26.78*** | 238.00*** | 94.56 | |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 16 | 0.46(0.41, 0.52) | 15.98*** | 204.07*** | 92.65 | p < 0.001 |
| 非RCT | 6 | 0.88(0.81, 0.94) | 25.41*** | 48.66*** | 89.73 |
污名态度的亚组分析结果
| 亚组 | k | g (95% CI) | Z | Q | I2 (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 13 | -0.87(-0.95, -0.79) | -19.99*** | 613.95*** | 98.21 | p < 0.001 |
| 港澳台 | 13 | -0.05(-0.11, 0.003) | -1.85 | 547.96*** | 97.81 | |
| 被干预者类型 | ||||||
| 专业人员 | 9 | -0.90(-0.98, -0.78) | -17.86*** | 629.08*** | 98.89 | p < 0.001 |
| 非专业人员 | 17 | -0.11(-0.16, -0.06) | -4.06*** | 600.51*** | 97.33 | |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | 14 | -0.04(-0.1, 0.01) | -1.55 | 291.02*** | 95.53 | p < 0.001 |
| 低互动 | 12 | -0.88(-0.96, -0.80) | -21.11*** | 858.67*** | 98.72 | |
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 14 | -0.02(-0.07, 0.04) | -0.63 | 536.20*** | 97.58 | p < 0.001 |
| 无 | 12 | -0.89(-0.97, -0.81) | -20.93*** | 590.20*** | 98.30 | |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 5 | -0.76(-0.92, -0.62) | -9.94*** | 16.53*** | 75.80 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 21 | -0.25(-0.30, 0.21) | -10.46*** | 1372.97*** | 98.54 | |
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 15 | -0.05(-0.11, 0.001) | -1.91 | 565.77*** | 97.53 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 11 | -0.89(-0.97, -0.81) | -20.93*** | 590.20*** | 98.31 | |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 13 | -0.38(-0.47, -0.30) | -8.62*** | 313.31*** | 96.17 | p < 0.001 |
| 非RCT | 13 | -0.27(-0.32, -0.22) | -9.94*** | 1111.32*** | 98.92 |
污名态度的亚组分析结果
| 亚组 | k | g (95% CI) | Z | Q | I2 (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 13 | -0.87(-0.95, -0.79) | -19.99*** | 613.95*** | 98.21 | p < 0.001 |
| 港澳台 | 13 | -0.05(-0.11, 0.003) | -1.85 | 547.96*** | 97.81 | |
| 被干预者类型 | ||||||
| 专业人员 | 9 | -0.90(-0.98, -0.78) | -17.86*** | 629.08*** | 98.89 | p < 0.001 |
| 非专业人员 | 17 | -0.11(-0.16, -0.06) | -4.06*** | 600.51*** | 97.33 | |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 高互动 | 14 | -0.04(-0.1, 0.01) | -1.55 | 291.02*** | 95.53 | p < 0.001 |
| 低互动 | 12 | -0.88(-0.96, -0.80) | -21.11*** | 858.67*** | 98.72 | |
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 14 | -0.02(-0.07, 0.04) | -0.63 | 536.20*** | 97.58 | p < 0.001 |
| 无 | 12 | -0.89(-0.97, -0.81) | -20.93*** | 590.20*** | 98.30 | |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 5 | -0.76(-0.92, -0.62) | -9.94*** | 16.53*** | 75.80 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 21 | -0.25(-0.30, 0.21) | -10.46*** | 1372.97*** | 98.54 | |
| 干预中是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 15 | -0.05(-0.11, 0.001) | -1.91 | 565.77*** | 97.53 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 11 | -0.89(-0.97, -0.81) | -20.93*** | 590.20*** | 98.31 | |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 13 | -0.38(-0.47, -0.30) | -8.62*** | 313.31*** | 96.17 | p < 0.001 |
| 非RCT | 13 | -0.27(-0.32, -0.22) | -9.94*** | 1111.32*** | 98.92 |
求助的亚组分析结果
| 亚组 | k | g (95% CI) | Z | Q | I2 (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 4 | 2.10(1.78, 2.42) | 12.82*** | 324.21*** | 99.08 | p < 0.001 |
| 港澳台 | 5 | -0.05(-0.12, 0.01) | -1.60 | 3.38 | 0 | |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 低互动 | 2 | 0.11(-0.14, 0.36) | 0.84 | 0.24 | 0 | 0.55 |
| 高互动 | 7 | 0.03(-0.04, 0.10) | 0.83 | 492.83*** | 98.78 | |
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 7 | -0.06(-0.13, 0.01) | -1.63 | 294.14*** | 98.30 | p < 0.001 |
| 无 | 2 | 0.89(0.68, 1.10) | 8.31*** | 294.14*** | 98.45 | |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 1 | 2.77(2.39, 3.16) | 14.02*** | 0 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 8 | -0.05(-0.11, 0.02) | -1.35 | 295.91*** | 97.63 | |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 5 | 0.19(-0.04, 0.42) | 1.63 | 290.05*** | 98.62 | 0.16 |
| 非RCT | 4 | 0.02(-0.05, 0.09) | 0.58 | 201.41*** | 98.51 |
求助的亚组分析结果
| 亚组 | k | g (95% CI) | Z | Q | I2 (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地域 | ||||||
| 内地 | 4 | 2.10(1.78, 2.42) | 12.82*** | 324.21*** | 99.08 | p < 0.001 |
| 港澳台 | 5 | -0.05(-0.12, 0.01) | -1.60 | 3.38 | 0 | |
| 干预者与被干预者互动 | ||||||
| 低互动 | 2 | 0.11(-0.14, 0.36) | 0.84 | 0.24 | 0 | 0.55 |
| 高互动 | 7 | 0.03(-0.04, 0.10) | 0.83 | 492.83*** | 98.78 | |
| 被干预者间的互动 | ||||||
| 有 | 7 | -0.06(-0.13, 0.01) | -1.63 | 294.14*** | 98.30 | p < 0.001 |
| 无 | 2 | 0.89(0.68, 1.10) | 8.31*** | 294.14*** | 98.45 | |
| 日常是否接触患者 | ||||||
| 是 | 1 | 2.77(2.39, 3.16) | 14.02*** | 0 | 0 | p < 0.001 |
| 否 | 8 | -0.05(-0.11, 0.02) | -1.35 | 295.91*** | 97.63 | |
| 试验类型 | ||||||
| RCT | 5 | 0.19(-0.04, 0.42) | 1.63 | 290.05*** | 98.62 | 0.16 |
| 非RCT | 4 | 0.02(-0.05, 0.09) | 0.58 | 201.41*** | 98.51 |
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