小学儿童词汇知识与阅读理解的关系：交叉滞后研究

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陈红君, 赵英, 伍新春(

), 孙鹏, 谢瑞波, 冯杰

北京师范大学心理学部, 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室, 儿童阅读与学习研究中心, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2018-11-16出版日期:2019-08-25发布日期:2019-06-24
通讯作者:伍新春E-mail:xcwu@bnu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金重大项目(13&ZD188)

The relation between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension in Chinese elementary children: A cross-lagged study

CHEN Hongjun, ZHAO Ying, WU Xinchun(

), SUN Peng, XIE Ruibo, FENG Jie

Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2018-11-16Online:2019-08-25Published:2019-06-24
Contact:WU Xinchun E-mail:xcwu@bnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对小学1、3、5年级共399名学生进行为期1年的追踪测查, 使用交叉滞后模型检验小学低、中、高年级儿童词汇知识与阅读理解的关系。在控制了语音意识、语素意识、一般认知能力和自回归效应之后, 结果发现：在小学低年级, 词汇知识与阅读理解之间未发现显著的纵向预测关系; 在中年级, 词汇知识和阅读理解存在显著的双向预测关系; 在高年级, T1的阅读理解能够显著预测T2的词汇知识, 而T1的词汇知识对T2阅读理解的预测作用不显著。研究结果表明词汇知识与阅读理解的关系在小学不同年级段存在不同的模式, 这一发现支持了阅读发展阶段论, 并对阅读三角理论进行了一定的补充。

图/表 9

表1被试人口学变量

年级(T1)	总	男	女	月龄(M ± SD)
一	127	67	60	76.08 ± 4.20
三	129	60	69	99.60 ± 4.68
五	143	71	72	124.56 ± 4.87
总	399	198	201	101.28 ± 20.54

表1被试人口学变量

年级(T1)	总	男	女	月龄(M ± SD)
一	127	67	60	76.08 ± 4.20
三	129	60	69	99.60 ± 4.68
五	143	71	72	124.56 ± 4.87
总	399	198	201	101.28 ± 20.54

表2三个年级两个时间点(T1、T2)测验结果(M ± SD)及重复测量方差分析结果

年级	变量(满分)	T1	T2	F	η_p²
低年级	词汇知识(64)	8.35 ± 5.02	13.51 ± 6.34	135.09^***	0.52
	阅读理解(20)	10.90 ± 5.11	17.65 ± 2.27	266.03^***	0.68
	语音意识(12)	6.22 ± 3.75
	语素意识(60)	9.08 ± 8.90
	一般认知能力(60)	27.76 ± 9.30
中年级	词汇知识(64)	17.00 ± 7.19	23.13 ± 7.21	143.82^***	0.53
	阅读理解(16)	6.75 ± 2.71	9.24 ± 3.41	94.13^***	0.42
	语音意识(12)	9.16 ± 2.45
	语素意识(60)	22.07 ± 12.22
	一般认知能力(60)	40.55 ± 7.64
高年级	词汇知识(64)	27.07 ± 6.30	30.76 ± 6.57	49.57^***	0.26
	阅读理解(17)	9.46 ± 2.73	10.97 ± 2.60	45.71^***	0.25
	语音意识(12)	10.32 ± 1.77
	语素意识(60)	32.37 ± 10.50
	一般认知能力(60)	44.68 ± 6.52

表2三个年级两个时间点(T1、T2)测验结果(M ± SD)及重复测量方差分析结果

年级	变量(满分)	T1	T2	F	η_p²
低年级	词汇知识(64)	8.35 ± 5.02	13.51 ± 6.34	135.09^***	0.52
	阅读理解(20)	10.90 ± 5.11	17.65 ± 2.27	266.03^***	0.68
	语音意识(12)	6.22 ± 3.75
	语素意识(60)	9.08 ± 8.90
	一般认知能力(60)	27.76 ± 9.30
中年级	词汇知识(64)	17.00 ± 7.19	23.13 ± 7.21	143.82^***	0.53
	阅读理解(16)	6.75 ± 2.71	9.24 ± 3.41	94.13^***	0.42
	语音意识(12)	9.16 ± 2.45
	语素意识(60)	22.07 ± 12.22
	一般认知能力(60)	40.55 ± 7.64
高年级	词汇知识(64)	27.07 ± 6.30	30.76 ± 6.57	49.57^***	0.26
	阅读理解(17)	9.46 ± 2.73	10.97 ± 2.60	45.71^***	0.25
	语音意识(12)	10.32 ± 1.77
	语素意识(60)	32.37 ± 10.50
	一般认知能力(60)	44.68 ± 6.52

表3低年级T1和T2词汇知识、阅读理解和控制变量相关分析结果(n = 126)

研究变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. T1词汇知识	1
2. T1阅读理解	0.33^***	1
3. T2词汇知识	0.64^***	0.26^**	1
4. T2阅读理解	0.23^**	0.41^***	0.18^*	1
5. 语音意识	0.32^***	0.25^**	0.20^*	0.32^***	1
6. 语素意识	0.40^***	0.29^***	0.47^***	0.21^*	0.19^*	1
7. 一般认知能力	0.36^***	0.28^**	0.35^*	0.30^**	0.17	0.23^**

表3低年级T1和T2词汇知识、阅读理解和控制变量相关分析结果(n = 126)

研究变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. T1词汇知识	1
2. T1阅读理解	0.33^***	1
3. T2词汇知识	0.64^***	0.26^**	1
4. T2阅读理解	0.23^**	0.41^***	0.18^*	1
5. 语音意识	0.32^***	0.25^**	0.20^*	0.32^***	1
6. 语素意识	0.40^***	0.29^***	0.47^***	0.21^*	0.19^*	1
7. 一般认知能力	0.36^***	0.28^**	0.35^*	0.30^**	0.17	0.23^**

表4中年级T1和T2词汇知识、阅读理解和控制变量相关分析结果(n = 128)

研究变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. T1词汇知识	1
2. T1阅读理解	0.52^***	1
3. T2词汇知识	0.68^***	0.51^***	1
4. T2阅读理解	0.57^***	0.57^***	0.52^***	1
5. 语音意识	0.40^***	0.32^***	0.37^***	0.45^***	1
6. 语素意识	0.49^***	0.29^**	0.47^***	0.34^***	0.24^**	1
7. 一般认知能力	0.37^***	0.46^***	0.34^***	0.54^***	0.27^**	0.26^**

表4中年级T1和T2词汇知识、阅读理解和控制变量相关分析结果(n = 128)

研究变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. T1词汇知识	1
2. T1阅读理解	0.52^***	1
3. T2词汇知识	0.68^***	0.51^***	1
4. T2阅读理解	0.57^***	0.57^***	0.52^***	1
5. 语音意识	0.40^***	0.32^***	0.37^***	0.45^***	1
6. 语素意识	0.49^***	0.29^**	0.47^***	0.34^***	0.24^**	1
7. 一般认知能力	0.37^***	0.46^***	0.34^***	0.54^***	0.27^**	0.26^**

表5高年级T1和T2词汇知识、阅读理解和控制变量相关分析结果(n = 141)

研究变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. T1词汇知识	1
2. T1阅读理解	0.35^***	1
3. T2词汇知识	0.53^***	0.39^***	1
4. T2阅读理解	0.29^**	0.50^***	0.32^***	1
5. 语音意识	0.18^*	0.11	0.14	0.18^*	1
6. 语素意识	0.27^**	0.23^**	0.32^***	0.26^**	0.23^**	1
7. 一般认知能力	0.19^*	0.46^***	0.27^**	0.51^***	0.18^*	0.18^*

表5高年级T1和T2词汇知识、阅读理解和控制变量相关分析结果(n = 141)

研究变量	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. T1词汇知识	1
2. T1阅读理解	0.35^***	1
3. T2词汇知识	0.53^***	0.39^***	1
4. T2阅读理解	0.29^**	0.50^***	0.32^***	1
5. 语音意识	0.18^*	0.11	0.14	0.18^*	1
6. 语素意识	0.27^**	0.23^**	0.32^***	0.26^**	0.23^**	1
7. 一般认知能力	0.19^*	0.46^***	0.27^**	0.51^***	0.18^*	0.18^*

图1词汇知识与阅读理解交叉滞后检验模型注：图中单箭头直线为预测关系, 双箭头曲线为相关关系。

图2低年级模型结果注：为呈现结果更加简洁, 控制变量(语音意识、语素意识和一般认知能力)及其相关路径系数未在图中显示, 下同。

图3中年级模型结果

图4高年级模型结果

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