), 寻凤娇1, 刘萍2, 张文海3 1 曲阜师范大学教育学院, 山东 曲阜 273165
2 上海师范大学心理系, 上海 200234
3 盐城工学院, 江苏 盐城 224001
收稿日期:2018-05-09出版日期:2019-07-25发布日期:2019-05-22通讯作者:孙俊才E-mail:sunjc@qfnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 山东省社科规划一般项目资助(19CJYJ14)The implicit advantage of a high kindness trait in the action control of emotion regulation
SUN Juncai1(), XUN Fengjiao1, LIU Ping2, ZHANG Wenhai3 1 School of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
2 Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
3 Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224001, China
Received:2018-05-09Online:2019-07-25Published:2019-05-22Contact:SUN Juncai E-mail:sunjc@qfnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 基于善良特质在中国人人格修养中的重要价值, 本研究以情绪调节的行动控制理论为模型参照, 设计了三项行为实验检验善良特质的导向性与内隐情绪调节的关系。研究1采用Stroop任务, 比较高低善良被试判断人际关系词颜色时是否受到色词内容的干扰, 结果发现, 高(vs.低)善良被试对人际关系积极词更敏感; 研究2采用情绪调节内隐联想测验任务比较高低善良被试的情绪调节内隐态度差异, 结果发现高(vs.低)善良被试更倾向于采用控制型情绪调节方式调节情绪; 研究3在诱发被试负性情绪条件下, 采用面孔表情视觉搜索任务间接考察高低善良被试在内隐情绪修复效果上的差异, 结果显示高(vs.低)善良被试搜索愤怒背景下高兴面孔的速度更快。三项实验结果一致地表明, 高善良特质利他重感情的行动目的性在情绪调节的行动控制中具有内隐优势, 对积极的心理健康起促进作用。
图/表 11
图1情绪Stroop任务的流程图
图1情绪Stroop任务的流程图
图2两组被试在积极词和消极词上的反应时 注：误差线为标准误; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01
图2两组被试在积极词和消极词上的反应时 注：误差线为标准误; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01表1高、低善良特质组在两类人际关系词上的反应时(ms)
| 人际关系情感词 | 高善良特质组(n = 25) | 低善良特质组(n = 25) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| 人际关系积极词 | 669.89 | 63.20 | 611.57 | 57.04 |
| 人际关系消极词 | 651.17 | 63.69 | 618.20 | 55.21 |
表1高、低善良特质组在两类人际关系词上的反应时(ms)
| 人际关系情感词 | 高善良特质组(n = 25) | 低善良特质组(n = 25) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| 人际关系积极词 | 669.89 | 63.20 | 611.57 | 57.04 |
| 人际关系消极词 | 651.17 | 63.69 | 618.20 | 55.21 |
表2ER-IAT的标准七部分程序实验步骤及呈现材料
| 步骤 | 任务 | 试次 | 按F键反应 | 按J键反应 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 对情绪调节词反应(练习) | 20 | 情绪控制词 | 情绪表达词 |
| 2 | 对属性词的反应(练习) | 20 | 积极词 | 消极词 |
| 3 | 对联合分类任务1反应 (练习) | 20 | 情绪控制词+积极词 | 情绪表达词+消极词 |
| 4 | 对联合分类任务1反应 (测试) | 40 | 情绪控制词+积极词 | 情绪表达词+消极词 |
| 5 | 对情绪调节词反应(练习) | 20 | 情绪表达词 | 情绪控制词 |
| 6 | 对联合分类任务2反应(练习) | 20 | 情绪表达词+积极词 | 情绪控制词+消极词 |
| 7 | 对联合分类任务2反应(测试) | 40 | 情绪表达词+积极词 | 情绪控制词+消极词 |
表2ER-IAT的标准七部分程序实验步骤及呈现材料
| 步骤 | 任务 | 试次 | 按F键反应 | 按J键反应 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 对情绪调节词反应(练习) | 20 | 情绪控制词 | 情绪表达词 |
| 2 | 对属性词的反应(练习) | 20 | 积极词 | 消极词 |
| 3 | 对联合分类任务1反应 (练习) | 20 | 情绪控制词+积极词 | 情绪表达词+消极词 |
| 4 | 对联合分类任务1反应 (测试) | 40 | 情绪控制词+积极词 | 情绪表达词+消极词 |
| 5 | 对情绪调节词反应(练习) | 20 | 情绪表达词 | 情绪控制词 |
| 6 | 对联合分类任务2反应(练习) | 20 | 情绪表达词+积极词 | 情绪控制词+消极词 |
| 7 | 对联合分类任务2反应(测试) | 40 | 情绪表达词+积极词 | 情绪控制词+消极词 |
图3情绪调节版内隐联想测验(ER-IAT)程序的部分示例
图3情绪调节版内隐联想测验(ER-IAT)程序的部分示例
图4两组被试在不同任务上的反应时 注：误差线为标准误; *p < 0.05
图4两组被试在不同任务上的反应时 注：误差线为标准误; *p < 0.05表3高、低善良特质组在两类任务上的反应时(ms)
| 实验任务 | 高善良特质组(n = 28) | 低善良特质组(n = 28) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| 相容任务 | 961.23 | 351.72 | 1136.25 | 388.29 |
| 不相容任务 | 1122.72 | 337.83 | 953.65 | 254.03 |
表3高、低善良特质组在两类任务上的反应时(ms)
| 实验任务 | 高善良特质组(n = 28) | 低善良特质组(n = 28) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| 相容任务 | 961.23 | 351.72 | 1136.25 | 388.29 |
| 不相容任务 | 1122.72 | 337.83 | 953.65 | 254.03 |
图5面孔矩阵示例：愤怒-中性面孔组合
图5面孔矩阵示例：愤怒-中性面孔组合
图6面孔表情视觉搜索任务的流程图(以愤怒-中性为例)
图6面孔表情视觉搜索任务的流程图(以愤怒-中性为例)表4高、低善良特质组在三个测试时间点的外显情绪得分
| 测试时间 | PA | t | NA | t | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高善良(n = 29) | 低善良(n = 28) | 高善良(n = 29) | 低善良(n = 28) | |||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| 基线情绪(时间1) | 31.10 | 4.76 | 33.25 | 7.06 | -1.35 | 21.07 | 7.83 | 21.21 | 7.86 | -0.07 |
| 诱发情绪后(时间2) | 29.10 | 6.24 | 30.50 | 8.74 | -0.96 | 25.45 | 7.85 | 23.43 | 8.41 | 0.94 |
| 实验结束后(时间3) | 29.24 | 5.54 | 29.86 | 8.66 | -0.32 | 22.55 | 6.96 | 21.82 | 7.75 | 0.37 |
表4高、低善良特质组在三个测试时间点的外显情绪得分
| 测试时间 | PA | t | NA | t | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高善良(n = 29) | 低善良(n = 28) | 高善良(n = 29) | 低善良(n = 28) | |||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| 基线情绪(时间1) | 31.10 | 4.76 | 33.25 | 7.06 | -1.35 | 21.07 | 7.83 | 21.21 | 7.86 | -0.07 |
| 诱发情绪后(时间2) | 29.10 | 6.24 | 30.50 | 8.74 | -0.96 | 25.45 | 7.85 | 23.43 | 8.41 | 0.94 |
| 实验结束后(时间3) | 29.24 | 5.54 | 29.86 | 8.66 | -0.32 | 22.55 | 6.96 | 21.82 | 7.75 | 0.37 |
表5高、低善良特质组面孔表情视觉搜索任务的反应时(ms)
| 面孔组合 | 高善良特质组(n = 29) | 低善良特质组(n = 28) | t | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||
| 高兴-愤怒 | 1301.99 | 202.11 | 1445.31 | 202.08 | -2.68* |
| 高兴-中性 | 1255.04 | 188.41 | 1313.31 | 198.64 | -1.33 |
| 愤怒-中性 | 1390.51 | 199.93 | 1447.72 | 209.02 | -1.05 |
表5高、低善良特质组面孔表情视觉搜索任务的反应时(ms)
| 面孔组合 | 高善良特质组(n = 29) | 低善良特质组(n = 28) | t | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||
| 高兴-愤怒 | 1301.99 | 202.11 | 1445.31 | 202.08 | -2.68* |
| 高兴-中性 | 1255.04 | 188.41 | 1313.31 | 198.64 | -1.33 |
| 愤怒-中性 | 1390.51 | 199.93 | 1447.72 | 209.02 | -1.05 |
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