) 1 深圳大学心理与社会学院, 深圳 518060
2 清华大学工业工程系, 北京 100084
收稿日期:2017-09-04出版日期:2018-09-15发布日期:2018-07-27基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目：应激下情绪与记忆的认知神经机制(项目批准号：31530031)重点项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目：社区正常老化及轻度认知障碍的多维评估与实证研究(项目批准号：31571129)面上项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目：皮质醇觉醒反应预测脑功能(项目批准号：31771246)面上项目Trait anxiety predicts the response to acute psychological stress
PENG Huini1, WU Jianhui1, SUN Xiaofang2, GUAN Qing1, LUO Yuejia1() 1 College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Received:2017-09-04Online:2018-09-15Published:2018-07-27摘要/Abstract
摘要： 急性应激反应使得个体在紧急情况下迅速调动心理生理资源, 从而更好地面对当前的挑战。本研究采用特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test, TSST), 以心率和唾液皮质醇为应激反应指标, 在控制了性别、年龄和受教育时间三个人口学变量的条件下, 探讨特质焦虑对急性心理性应激反应的预测作用。结果发现：(1) TSST成功地诱发了被试的应激反应, 表现为心率加快和唾液皮质醇含量升高; (2)分层回归结果显示, 特质焦虑对急性应激状态下的心率变化具有预测作用, 对唾液皮质醇变化的预测效应未达到显著水平。上述结果表明特质焦虑和急性应激反应的快反应指标——交感神经系统——密切相关, 特质焦虑水平越高, 急性应激状态下的交感神经系统反应越小。特质焦虑水平较高的个体可能由于长期的焦虑造成心肌细胞的过度消耗, 从而导致急性应激反应受限。
图/表 6
图1实验流程示意图
图1实验流程示意图表1不同时间点心率和唾液皮质醇[M(SD)]
| 应激反应指标 | 时间点 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基线 | 准备 | 演讲 | 心算 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 心率(bmp) | 76.41(9.52) | 79.78(10.87) | 92.69(14.57) | 91.94(14.61) | 75.85(10.16) | 75.31(10.14) | 75.13(8.77) | 74.43(9.49) |
| 唾液皮质醇(nmol/L) | 8.77(3.92) | 11.81(4.43) | 14.69(5.55) | 11.01(3.37) | 8.92(2.58) | |||
表1不同时间点心率和唾液皮质醇[M(SD)]
| 应激反应指标 | 时间点 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基线 | 准备 | 演讲 | 心算 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 心率(bmp) | 76.41(9.52) | 79.78(10.87) | 92.69(14.57) | 91.94(14.61) | 75.85(10.16) | 75.31(10.14) | 75.13(8.77) | 74.43(9.49) |
| 唾液皮质醇(nmol/L) | 8.77(3.92) | 11.81(4.43) | 14.69(5.55) | 11.01(3.37) | 8.92(2.58) | |||
图2应激前中后各个时间点的心率(±SD)
图2应激前中后各个时间点的心率(±SD)
图3应激前中后各个时间点的唾液皮质醇(±SD)
图3应激前中后各个时间点的唾液皮质醇(±SD)
图4特质焦虑与心率急性应激反应的简单相关散点图
图4特质焦虑与心率急性应激反应的简单相关散点图表2应激反应分层回归模型
| 模型 | 预测因子 | B | β | t | p | △R2 | R2 | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型一：△心率 | |||||||||
| 第一步 | 0.13 | 2.40 | 0.078 | ||||||
| 性别 | -0.06 | -0.002 | -0.017 | 0.986 | |||||
| 年龄 | -2.42 | -0.33 | -1.54 | 0.130 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | 5.00 | 0.55 | 2.57 | 0.013 | |||||
| 第二步 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 3.85 | 0.008 | |||||
| 性别 | 2.10 | 0.08 | 0.64 | 0.523 | |||||
| 年龄 | -2.52 | -0.35 | -1.70 | 0.095 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | 5.14 | 0.57 | 2.80 | 0.007 | |||||
| 特质焦虑 | -0.75 | -0.35 | -2.70 | 0.009 | |||||
| 模型二：△唾液皮质醇 | |||||||||
| 第一步 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.792 | ||||||
| 性别 | -1.21 | -0.10 | -0.71 | 0.482 | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.618 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | 0.14 | -0.03 | 0.14 | 0.890 | |||||
| 第二步 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.898 | |||||
| 性别 | -1.12 | -0.09 | -0.63 | 0.534 | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.40 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.626 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | -0.14 | -0.03 | -0.14 | 0.893 | |||||
| 特质焦虑 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.22 | 0.829 |
表2应激反应分层回归模型
| 模型 | 预测因子 | B | β | t | p | △R2 | R2 | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型一：△心率 | |||||||||
| 第一步 | 0.13 | 2.40 | 0.078 | ||||||
| 性别 | -0.06 | -0.002 | -0.017 | 0.986 | |||||
| 年龄 | -2.42 | -0.33 | -1.54 | 0.130 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | 5.00 | 0.55 | 2.57 | 0.013 | |||||
| 第二步 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 3.85 | 0.008 | |||||
| 性别 | 2.10 | 0.08 | 0.64 | 0.523 | |||||
| 年龄 | -2.52 | -0.35 | -1.70 | 0.095 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | 5.14 | 0.57 | 2.80 | 0.007 | |||||
| 特质焦虑 | -0.75 | -0.35 | -2.70 | 0.009 | |||||
| 模型二：△唾液皮质醇 | |||||||||
| 第一步 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.792 | ||||||
| 性别 | -1.21 | -0.10 | -0.71 | 0.482 | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.618 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | 0.14 | -0.03 | 0.14 | 0.890 | |||||
| 第二步 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.898 | |||||
| 性别 | -1.12 | -0.09 | -0.63 | 0.534 | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.40 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.626 | |||||
| 受教育时间 | -0.14 | -0.03 | -0.14 | 0.893 | |||||
| 特质焦虑 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.22 | 0.829 |
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