) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地, 天津 300074
收稿日期:2017-08-30出版日期:2018-11-30发布日期:2018-10-30基金资助:* 天津市哲学社会科学项目资助(TJJX17-011)Influence of the frequency of fixated words and the number of strokes of parafoveal words on saccadic target selection in Chinese reading
WANG Yongsheng, ZHAO Bingjie, CHEN Mingjing, LI Xin;, YAN Guoli, BAI Xuejun() Academy of Psychology and Behaviour, Tianjin Normal University,Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300074, China
Received:2017-08-30Online:2018-11-30Published:2018-10-30摘要/Abstract
摘要： 研究探讨汉语读者选择眼跳目标时, 中央凹注视词的加工负荷是否影响副中央凹获取信息量, 进而调节随后的眼跳长度。采用眼动追踪技术, 操纵了中央凹注视词的词频(高频、低频)和副中央凹词的笔画数(多笔画、少笔画)。结果发现：从中央凹词到副中央凹少笔画词的眼跳长度显著地长于到多笔画词的, 且这种笔画数效应并不受中央凹加工负荷的调节; 从高频中央凹词到副中央凹词的眼跳长度显著地长于低频词的。在本实验条件下结果提示：中央凹加工负荷在眼跳目标选择中的作用不是通过调节副中央凹获取信息量的多少来实现的。
图/表 6
表1实验材料
| 目标词 | 实验操纵 | 词频 | 首字笔画数 | 尾字笔画数 | 首字字频 | 尾字字频 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中央凹词 | 高频 | 405.08 (458.04) | 7.76 (2.71) | 7.47 (2.69) | 2208.96 (3995.05) | 2866.28 (3561.96) |
| 低频 | 7.64 (7.19) | 8.21 (3.16) | 7.29 (2.76) | 835.42 (2263.10) | 1203.60 (1772.83) | |
| 副中央凹词 | 多笔画数词 | 21.05 (46.99) | 13.38 (1.57) | 13.59 (1.77) | 380.16 (991.66) | 1256.01 (144.07) |
| 少笔画数词 | 21.23 (46.06) | 5.24 (1.16) | 5.45 (1.67) | 780.85 (2233.47) | 1226.78 (140.72) |
表1实验材料
| 目标词 | 实验操纵 | 词频 | 首字笔画数 | 尾字笔画数 | 首字字频 | 尾字字频 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中央凹词 | 高频 | 405.08 (458.04) | 7.76 (2.71) | 7.47 (2.69) | 2208.96 (3995.05) | 2866.28 (3561.96) |
| 低频 | 7.64 (7.19) | 8.21 (3.16) | 7.29 (2.76) | 835.42 (2263.10) | 1203.60 (1772.83) | |
| 副中央凹词 | 多笔画数词 | 21.05 (46.99) | 13.38 (1.57) | 13.59 (1.77) | 380.16 (991.66) | 1256.01 (144.07) |
| 少笔画数词 | 21.23 (46.06) | 5.24 (1.16) | 5.45 (1.67) | 780.85 (2233.47) | 1226.78 (140.72) |
表2实验材料举例
| 中央凹 注视词 | 副中央 凹词 | 句子 |
|---|---|---|
| 高频 | 多笔画 | 摄影师总是能记录温馨生活中最动情的瞬间 |
| 少笔画 | 摄影师总是能记录平凡生活中最动情的瞬间 | |
| 低频 | 多笔画 | 摄影师总是能发觉温馨生活中最动情的瞬间 |
| 少笔画 | 摄影师总是能发觉平凡生活中最动情的瞬间 |
表2实验材料举例
| 中央凹 注视词 | 副中央 凹词 | 句子 |
|---|---|---|
| 高频 | 多笔画 | 摄影师总是能记录温馨生活中最动情的瞬间 |
| 少笔画 | 摄影师总是能记录平凡生活中最动情的瞬间 | |
| 低频 | 多笔画 | 摄影师总是能发觉温馨生活中最动情的瞬间 |
| 少笔画 | 摄影师总是能发觉平凡生活中最动情的瞬间 |
表3副中央凹词的眼跳目标和注视位置分析
| 分析指标 | 中央凹注视词高频 | 中央凹注视词低频 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | |
| 起跳位置 | 0.91 (0.55) | 0.91 (0.53) | 0.90 (0.54) | 0.88 (0.52) |
| 中央凹词到副中央凹词眼跳长度 | 1.93 (0.53) | 2.00 (0.50) | 1.89 (0.51) | 1.90 (0.55) |
| 中央凹词向前眼跳长度 | 2.03 (0.61) | 2.18 (0.67) | 1.98 (0.60) | 2.10 (0.75) |
| 平均首次注视位置 | 0.95 (0.50) | 1.02 (0.53) | 0.94 (0.51) | 0.95 (0.55) |
| 单次注视位置 | 1.04 (0.45) | 1.09 (0.49) | 1.02 (0.48) | 1.06 (0.50) |
| 多次注视中的首次注视位置 | 0.63 (0.52) | 0.68 (0.55) | 0.63 (0.49) | 0.54 (0.50) |
表3副中央凹词的眼跳目标和注视位置分析
| 分析指标 | 中央凹注视词高频 | 中央凹注视词低频 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | |
| 起跳位置 | 0.91 (0.55) | 0.91 (0.53) | 0.90 (0.54) | 0.88 (0.52) |
| 中央凹词到副中央凹词眼跳长度 | 1.93 (0.53) | 2.00 (0.50) | 1.89 (0.51) | 1.90 (0.55) |
| 中央凹词向前眼跳长度 | 2.03 (0.61) | 2.18 (0.67) | 1.98 (0.60) | 2.10 (0.75) |
| 平均首次注视位置 | 0.95 (0.50) | 1.02 (0.53) | 0.94 (0.51) | 0.95 (0.55) |
| 单次注视位置 | 1.04 (0.45) | 1.09 (0.49) | 1.02 (0.48) | 1.06 (0.50) |
| 多次注视中的首次注视位置 | 0.63 (0.52) | 0.68 (0.55) | 0.63 (0.49) | 0.54 (0.50) |
表4注视词频、副中央凹词笔画数在眼跳目标选择分析指标上的固定效应估计值
| 分析指标 | 截距 | 词频 | 笔画数 | 交互作用 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 起跳位置 | 0.907*** | -0.018 | -0.007 | -0.018 |
| 中央凹词到副中央凹词眼跳长度 | 0.650*** | -0.037** | 0.029* | -0.026 |
| 中央凹词向前眼跳长度 | 0.701*** | -0.034* | 0.055** | -0.023 |
| 平均首次注视位置 | 0.991*** | -0.035 | 0.046§ | -0.042 |
| 单次注视位置 | 1.064*** | -0.014 | 0.051§ | -0.008 |
| 多次注视中的首次注视位置 | 0.677*** | -0.078§ | -0.044 | -0.108 |
表4注视词频、副中央凹词笔画数在眼跳目标选择分析指标上的固定效应估计值
| 分析指标 | 截距 | 词频 | 笔画数 | 交互作用 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 起跳位置 | 0.907*** | -0.018 | -0.007 | -0.018 |
| 中央凹词到副中央凹词眼跳长度 | 0.650*** | -0.037** | 0.029* | -0.026 |
| 中央凹词向前眼跳长度 | 0.701*** | -0.034* | 0.055** | -0.023 |
| 平均首次注视位置 | 0.991*** | -0.035 | 0.046§ | -0.042 |
| 单次注视位置 | 1.064*** | -0.014 | 0.051§ | -0.008 |
| 多次注视中的首次注视位置 | 0.677*** | -0.078§ | -0.044 | -0.108 |
表5中央凹词与副中央凹词的注视结果
| 目标词 | 分析指标 | 中央凹注视词高频 | 中央凹注视词低频 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | ||
| 中央凹词注视时间 | 首次注视时间 | 229 (73) | 239 (81) | 246 (83) | 249 (82) |
| 凝视时间 | 268 (119) | 268 (120) | 291 (132) | 306 (146) | |
| 单一注视时间 | 228 (72) | 236 (79) | 244 (82) | 249 (83) | |
| 总注视时间 | 383 (227) | 401 (237) | 449 (266) | 464 (275) | |
| 跳读率 | 0.08 (0.26) | 0.09 (0.27) | 0.08 (0.27) | 0.08 (0.27) | |
| 副中央凹词注视时间 | 首次注视时间 | 252 (85) | 251 (89) | 261 (88) | 251 (84) |
| 凝视时间 | 305 (136) | 295 (135) | 311 (136) | 300 (134) | |
| 单一注视时间 | 256 (86) | 251 (89) | 264 (88) | 251 (84) | |
| 总注视时间 | 462 (287) | 431 (270) | 486 (278) | 456 (276) | |
| 跳读率 | 0.05 (0.21) | 0.08 (0.26) | 0.05 (0.21) | 0.09 (0.28) | |
表5中央凹词与副中央凹词的注视结果
| 目标词 | 分析指标 | 中央凹注视词高频 | 中央凹注视词低频 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | 副中央凹词多笔画 | 副中央凹词少笔画 | ||
| 中央凹词注视时间 | 首次注视时间 | 229 (73) | 239 (81) | 246 (83) | 249 (82) |
| 凝视时间 | 268 (119) | 268 (120) | 291 (132) | 306 (146) | |
| 单一注视时间 | 228 (72) | 236 (79) | 244 (82) | 249 (83) | |
| 总注视时间 | 383 (227) | 401 (237) | 449 (266) | 464 (275) | |
| 跳读率 | 0.08 (0.26) | 0.09 (0.27) | 0.08 (0.27) | 0.08 (0.27) | |
| 副中央凹词注视时间 | 首次注视时间 | 252 (85) | 251 (89) | 261 (88) | 251 (84) |
| 凝视时间 | 305 (136) | 295 (135) | 311 (136) | 300 (134) | |
| 单一注视时间 | 256 (86) | 251 (89) | 264 (88) | 251 (84) | |
| 总注视时间 | 462 (287) | 431 (270) | 486 (278) | 456 (276) | |
| 跳读率 | 0.05 (0.21) | 0.08 (0.26) | 0.05 (0.21) | 0.09 (0.28) | |
表6注视词频、副中央凹词笔画数在注视时间指标上的固定效应估计值
| 目标词 | 分析指标 | 截距 | 词频 | 笔画数 | 交互作用 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中央凹词分析 | 首次注视时间 | 5.431*** | 0.053*** | 0.024* | -0.02 |
| 凝视时间 | 5.547*** | 0.095*** | 0.023 | 0.038 | |
| 单一注视时间 | 5.429*** | 0.052*** | 0.025§ | -0.008 | |
| 总注视时间 | 5.879*** | 0.139*** | 0.038§ | -0.012 | |
| 跳读率 | -2.842*** | 0.059 | 0.135 | -0.143 | |
| 副中央凹词分析 | 首次注视时间 | 5.486*** | 0.018 | -0.027§ | -0.021 |
| 凝视时间 | 5.615*** | 0.022 | -0.047* | 0.001 | |
| 单一注视时间 | 5.491*** | 0.019 | -0.039* | -0.022 | |
| 总注视时间 | 5.960*** | 0.066** | -0.077** | -0.007 | |
| 跳读率 | -3.128*** | 0.132 | 0.610*** | 0.184 |
表6注视词频、副中央凹词笔画数在注视时间指标上的固定效应估计值
| 目标词 | 分析指标 | 截距 | 词频 | 笔画数 | 交互作用 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中央凹词分析 | 首次注视时间 | 5.431*** | 0.053*** | 0.024* | -0.02 |
| 凝视时间 | 5.547*** | 0.095*** | 0.023 | 0.038 | |
| 单一注视时间 | 5.429*** | 0.052*** | 0.025§ | -0.008 | |
| 总注视时间 | 5.879*** | 0.139*** | 0.038§ | -0.012 | |
| 跳读率 | -2.842*** | 0.059 | 0.135 | -0.143 | |
| 副中央凹词分析 | 首次注视时间 | 5.486*** | 0.018 | -0.027§ | -0.021 |
| 凝视时间 | 5.615*** | 0.022 | -0.047* | 0.001 | |
| 单一注视时间 | 5.491*** | 0.019 | -0.039* | -0.022 | |
| 总注视时间 | 5.960*** | 0.066** | -0.077** | -0.007 | |
| 跳读率 | -3.128*** | 0.132 | 0.610*** | 0.184 |
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