) 1 天津师范大学心理与行为研究院, 天津 300074
2 鲁东大学教育科学学院, 烟台 264011
收稿日期:2017-04-05出版日期:2018-07-15发布日期:2018-05-29基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金项目(16BYY074)Effect of parafoveal visual attention enhancement in deaf reading: Evidence from disappearing text
LIU Lu1,2, YAN Guoli1() 1 Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China
2 School of Education Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264011, China
Received:2017-04-05Online:2018-07-15Published:2018-05-29摘要/Abstract
摘要： 为适应失聪后的复杂环境, 聋人视觉注意资源的空间分布发生改变, 这对聋人的阅读加工产生了影响。本研究尝试提出“聋人阅读中的副中央凹视觉注意增强效应”, 并采用消失文本范式考察这一效应对聋人读者副中央凹及中央凹处词汇信息视觉编码效率的影响。结果发现, 在词n+1短暂呈现时, 聋生快速编码副中央凹处文本信息的加工效率与其生理年龄匹配组相近, 高于阅读能力匹配组; 但在词n短暂呈现时, 聋生快速编码中央凹处文本信息的加工效率落后于健听控制组, 其词汇通达和总阅读效率均受阻。综上所述, 本研究证实了聋人阅读中的副中央凹视觉注意增强效应, 表现为副中央凹加工效率增强, 但中央凹加工效率受阻。
图/表 8
表1聋生组(DS)与阅读能力匹配组(RC)的阅读能力测验分数[M (SD)]
| 阅读测验项目 | DS | RC |
|---|---|---|
| 正字法意识(正确率%) | 74.09 (13.00) | 73.21 (8.41) |
| 阅读流畅性(字/分) | 302.76 (136.04) | 314.44 (99.00) |
| 阅读理解(分) | 10.86 (2.82) | 11.31 (2.34) |
表1聋生组(DS)与阅读能力匹配组(RC)的阅读能力测验分数[M (SD)]
| 阅读测验项目 | DS | RC |
|---|---|---|
| 正字法意识(正确率%) | 74.09 (13.00) | 73.21 (8.41) |
| 阅读流畅性(字/分) | 302.76 (136.04) | 314.44 (99.00) |
| 阅读理解(分) | 10.86 (2.82) | 11.31 (2.34) |
表2实验材料举例
| 框架1 | 高频词(HF) | 世界珍稀植物 标本将于明天展出。 |
|---|---|---|
| 低频词(LF) | 世界珍稀鸟类 标本将于明天展出。 | |
| 框架2 | 高频词(HF) | 研究显示每年许多植物 濒临灭绝。 |
| 低频词(LF) | 研究显示每年许多鸟类 濒临灭绝。 |
表2实验材料举例
| 框架1 | 高频词(HF) | 世界珍稀植物 标本将于明天展出。 |
|---|---|---|
| 低频词(LF) | 世界珍稀鸟类 标本将于明天展出。 | |
| 框架2 | 高频词(HF) | 研究显示每年许多植物 濒临灭绝。 |
| 低频词(LF) | 研究显示每年许多鸟类 濒临灭绝。 |
表3消失文本实验范式举例
 |
表3消失文本实验范式举例
|
表4实验1三组被试在两种文本呈现方式下眼动指标(整体分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (整理分析) | 聋生组 | 阅读能力匹配组 | 生理年龄匹配组 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | |
| 总阅读时间(ms) | 3795 (1272) | 3676 (1232) | 4121 (1443) | 3869 (1249) | 3047 (862) | 3065 (914) |
| 跳读率(%) | 35 (13) | 31 (17) | 25 (11) | 17 (11) | 28 (10) | 25 (12) |
| 回视次数(次) | 3.08 (1.23) | 2.8 (1.38) | 2.57 (1.14) | 2.62 (1.06) | 2.52 (0.98) | 2.54 (0.93) |
表4实验1三组被试在两种文本呈现方式下眼动指标(整体分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (整理分析) | 聋生组 | 阅读能力匹配组 | 生理年龄匹配组 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | |
| 总阅读时间(ms) | 3795 (1272) | 3676 (1232) | 4121 (1443) | 3869 (1249) | 3047 (862) | 3065 (914) |
| 跳读率(%) | 35 (13) | 31 (17) | 25 (11) | 17 (11) | 28 (10) | 25 (12) |
| 回视次数(次) | 3.08 (1.23) | 2.8 (1.38) | 2.57 (1.14) | 2.62 (1.06) | 2.52 (0.98) | 2.54 (0.93) |
表5实验1三组被试在不同文本呈现条件下眼动指标(局部分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (局部分析) | 被试类型 | 呈现条件 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms | 正常 | ||||
| 高频 | 低频 | 高频 | 低频 | ||
| 凝视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 294 (64) | 311 (72) | 286 (69) | 287 (76) |
| 阅读能力匹配组 | 352 (71) | 375 (70) | 303 (77) | 345 (82) | |
| 生理年龄匹配组 | 298 (74) | 321 (74) | 283 (56) | 283 (60) | |
| 总注视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 518 (154) | 579 (173) | 521 (124) | 549 (161) |
| 阅读能力匹配组 | 543 (166) | 598 (162) | 490 (171) | 555 (167) | |
| 生理年龄匹配组 | 452 (134) | 478 (126) | 453 (121) | 464 (128) | |
表5实验1三组被试在不同文本呈现条件下眼动指标(局部分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (局部分析) | 被试类型 | 呈现条件 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms | 正常 | ||||
| 高频 | 低频 | 高频 | 低频 | ||
| 凝视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 294 (64) | 311 (72) | 286 (69) | 287 (76) |
| 阅读能力匹配组 | 352 (71) | 375 (70) | 303 (77) | 345 (82) | |
| 生理年龄匹配组 | 298 (74) | 321 (74) | 283 (56) | 283 (60) | |
| 总注视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 518 (154) | 579 (173) | 521 (124) | 549 (161) |
| 阅读能力匹配组 | 543 (166) | 598 (162) | 490 (171) | 555 (167) | |
| 生理年龄匹配组 | 452 (134) | 478 (126) | 453 (121) | 464 (128) | |
表6实验2三组被试在两种文本呈现方式下眼动指标(整体分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (整体分析) | 聋生组 | 阅读能力匹配组 | 生理年龄匹配组 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | |
| 总阅读时间(ms) | 4805 (1519) | 4340 (1458) | 4498 (1295) | 4416 (1151) | 3622 (1074) | 3549 (1122) |
| 跳读率(%) | 34 (11) | 34 (11) | 23 (10) | 21 (11) | 28 (11) | 26 (12) |
| 回视次数(次) | 4.78 (1.35) | 3.69 (1.76) | 4.17 (1.56) | 3.17 (0.95) | 3.14 (1.18) | 2.95 (1.32) |
表6实验2三组被试在两种文本呈现方式下眼动指标(整体分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (整体分析) | 聋生组 | 阅读能力匹配组 | 生理年龄匹配组 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | 40 ms消失 | 正常呈现 | |
| 总阅读时间(ms) | 4805 (1519) | 4340 (1458) | 4498 (1295) | 4416 (1151) | 3622 (1074) | 3549 (1122) |
| 跳读率(%) | 34 (11) | 34 (11) | 23 (10) | 21 (11) | 28 (11) | 26 (12) |
| 回视次数(次) | 4.78 (1.35) | 3.69 (1.76) | 4.17 (1.56) | 3.17 (0.95) | 3.14 (1.18) | 2.95 (1.32) |
表7实验2三组被试在不同文本呈现条件下眼动指标(局部分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (局部分析) | 被试类型 | 呈现条件 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms | 正常 | ||||
| 高频 | 低频 | 高频 | 低频 | ||
| 凝视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 282 (75) | 272 (67) | 262 (77) | 304 (126) |
| 阅读能力 匹配组 | 301 (80) | 327 (97) | 321 (87) | 350 (87) | |
| 生理年龄 匹配组 | 282 (63) | 334 (99) | 292 (62) | 322 (71) | |
| 总注视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 791 (213) | 851 (285) | 654 (284) | 819 (259) |
| 阅读能力 匹配组 | 654 (216) | 794 (279) | 597 (216) | 771 (265) | |
| 生理年龄 匹配组 | 560 (223) | 622 (185) | 537 (176) | 599 (199) | |
表7实验2三组被试在不同文本呈现条件下眼动指标(局部分析) [M (SD)]
| 眼动指标 (局部分析) | 被试类型 | 呈现条件 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 ms | 正常 | ||||
| 高频 | 低频 | 高频 | 低频 | ||
| 凝视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 282 (75) | 272 (67) | 262 (77) | 304 (126) |
| 阅读能力 匹配组 | 301 (80) | 327 (97) | 321 (87) | 350 (87) | |
| 生理年龄 匹配组 | 282 (63) | 334 (99) | 292 (62) | 322 (71) | |
| 总注视时间 (ms) | 聋生组 | 791 (213) | 851 (285) | 654 (284) | 819 (259) |
| 阅读能力 匹配组 | 654 (216) | 794 (279) | 597 (216) | 771 (265) | |
| 生理年龄 匹配组 | 560 (223) | 622 (185) | 537 (176) | 599 (199) | |
图1三组被试在实验2高、低频目标词区域的凝视时间分析结果
图1三组被试在实验2高、低频目标词区域的凝视时间分析结果参考文献 60
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