) 1 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海 200062
2 香港中文大学(深圳)人文社会科学学院, 深圳 518172
收稿日期:2019-09-29出版日期:2020-05-25发布日期:2020-03-26通讯作者:刘永芳E-mail:yfliu@psy.ecnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金重大项目资助(15ZDB121)Effects of others’ reference points and psychological distance on self-other welfare tradeoff in gain and loss situations
GAO Juan1, WANG Peng1, Xiao Tian WANG2, SUN Qian1, LIU Yongfang1() 1 School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2 School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
Received:2019-09-29Online:2020-05-25Published:2020-03-26Contact:LIU Yongfang E-mail:yfliu@psy.ecnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 以福利权衡率(WTR)为利他程度的指标, 通过3个实验逐步深入地考察了得失情境下他人参照点及心理距离对自我-他人利益权衡的影响。实验1的结果表明, 得失情境并未改变被试的WTR。实验2引入他人底线、现状和目标三个参照点变量, 发现被试获益情境下的WTR高于损失情境, 且WTR从高到低依次为他人临近底线、目标和现状; 他人临近底线时, 被试在获益情境下的WTR高于损失情境, 而他人临近现状和目标时, 个体在得失情境下的WTR无显著差异。实验3进一步引入心理距离变量, 发现心理距离较近他人的WTR高于较远他人, 且与得失情境和参照点发生了复杂的交互效应, 得失情境的主效应消失了, 但总体上并未改变实验2发现的参照点效应。这些结果对于更深入地理解得失不对称效应、三参照点理论及社会折扣和自我-他人决策差异研究的相关发现具有一定的启示意义。
图/表 5
图1三个参照点和四个结果功能区(Wang & Johnson, 2012; 王晓田, 王鹏, 2013)
图1三个参照点和四个结果功能区(Wang & Johnson, 2012; 王晓田, 王鹏, 2013)表1得失情境下每道题目的设置及其WTR
| 题号 | 选项 | 自我加分 (减分) | 他人加分 (减分) | 自我-他人 利益比 | WTR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | 15 | 0 | 1.50 | 1.60 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 2 | A | 12 | 0 | 1.20 | 1.35 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 3 | A | 10 | 0 | 1.00 | 1.10 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 4 | A | 8 | 0 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 5 | A | 6 | 0 | 0.60 | 0.70 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 6 | A | 4 | 0 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 7 | A | 2 | 0 | 0.20 | 0.30 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 8 | A | 1 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 9 | A | -1 | 0 | -0.10 | 00 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 10 | A | -3 | 0 | -0.30 | -0.20 |
| B | 0 | 10 |
表1得失情境下每道题目的设置及其WTR
| 题号 | 选项 | 自我加分 (减分) | 他人加分 (减分) | 自我-他人 利益比 | WTR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | 15 | 0 | 1.50 | 1.60 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 2 | A | 12 | 0 | 1.20 | 1.35 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 3 | A | 10 | 0 | 1.00 | 1.10 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 4 | A | 8 | 0 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 5 | A | 6 | 0 | 0.60 | 0.70 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 6 | A | 4 | 0 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 7 | A | 2 | 0 | 0.20 | 0.30 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 8 | A | 1 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 9 | A | -1 | 0 | -0.10 | 00 |
| B | 0 | 10 | |||
| 10 | A | -3 | 0 | -0.30 | -0.20 |
| B | 0 | 10 |
图2得失情境和他人参照点对WTR的影响 注：误差线为标准误(SE)
图2得失情境和他人参照点对WTR的影响 注：误差线为标准误(SE) 
图3我中包含多少他量表(IOS) (Aron et al, 1992)
图3我中包含多少他量表(IOS) (Aron et al, 1992) 
图4得失情境下他人参照点和心理距离对WTR的影响 注：误差线为标准误(SE)
图4得失情境下他人参照点和心理距离对WTR的影响 注：误差线为标准误(SE) 参考文献 54
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