) 北京师范大学心理学部, 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室, 心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学), 北京 100875
收稿日期:2019-06-06出版日期:2020-03-25发布日期:2020-01-18通讯作者:伍新春E-mail:xcwu@bnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 北京市社会科学基金重大项目资助(15ZDA11)Mediating roles of gratitude, social support and posttraumatic growth in the relation between empathy and prosocial behavior among adolescents after the Ya’an earthquake
WANG Wenchao, WU Xinchun() Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:2019-06-06Online:2020-03-25Published:2020-01-18Contact:WU Xinchun E-mail:xcwu@bnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 以雅安地震极重灾区芦山县的542名中学生为被试, 在地震发生3.5年后, 采用人际反应指数量表测查被试的共情能力, 并在震后4.5年采用感恩问卷、社会关系网络问卷、创伤后成长问卷和亲社会行为问卷测查被试的感恩、社会支持、创伤后成长(posttraumatic growth, PTG)和亲社会行为, 从追踪的视角考察地震后青少年的共情能力对亲社会行为的影响, 并探讨感恩、社会支持和创伤后成长(PTG)在其中的中介作用。结果显示, 共情可直接正向预测亲社会行为; 共情对亲社会行为的预测可分别通过感恩、社会支持和PTG的中介进行; 共情还可以分别通过感恩经社会支持、感恩经PTG、社会支持经PTG、感恩经社会支持再经PTG的链式中介对亲社会行为起到正向预测作用。这一发现提示, 未来的创伤后心理辅导工作应更加关注青少年的积极心理和社会行为的发展。
图/表 3
表1创伤暴露、利他信念、共情、感恩、社会支持、PTG和亲社会行为之间的相关表
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. T1 创伤暴露 | 20.79 ± 4.21 | 1 | ||||||
| 2. T1 利他信念 | 52.29 ± 11.81 | 0.05 | 1 | |||||
| 3. T1 共情 | 45.98 ± 6.33 | 0.01 | 0.12** | 1 | ||||
| 4. T2 感恩 | 24.72 ± 6.87 | 0.09* | 0.19*** | 0.32*** | 1 | |||
| 5. T2 社会支持 | 46.49 ± 17.43 | 0.09* | 0.13** | 0.30*** | 0.35*** | 1 | ||
| 6. T2 PTG | 58.30 ± 23.99 | 0.06 | 0.23*** | 0.21*** | 0.37*** | 0.42*** | 1 | |
| 7. T2 亲社会行为 | 71.85 ± 16.42 | 0.06 | 0.17** | 0.23*** | 0.39*** | 0.44*** | 0.52*** | 1 |
表1创伤暴露、利他信念、共情、感恩、社会支持、PTG和亲社会行为之间的相关表
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. T1 创伤暴露 | 20.79 ± 4.21 | 1 | ||||||
| 2. T1 利他信念 | 52.29 ± 11.81 | 0.05 | 1 | |||||
| 3. T1 共情 | 45.98 ± 6.33 | 0.01 | 0.12** | 1 | ||||
| 4. T2 感恩 | 24.72 ± 6.87 | 0.09* | 0.19*** | 0.32*** | 1 | |||
| 5. T2 社会支持 | 46.49 ± 17.43 | 0.09* | 0.13** | 0.30*** | 0.35*** | 1 | ||
| 6. T2 PTG | 58.30 ± 23.99 | 0.06 | 0.23*** | 0.21*** | 0.37*** | 0.42*** | 1 | |
| 7. T2 亲社会行为 | 71.85 ± 16.42 | 0.06 | 0.17** | 0.23*** | 0.39*** | 0.44*** | 0.52*** | 1 |
图1感恩、社会支持和PTG在共情对亲社会行为影响间的中介作用
图1感恩、社会支持和PTG在共情对亲社会行为影响间的中介作用表2链式中介模型中介效应显著性检验的Bootstrap分析
| 间接路径 | 标准化间接 效应估计值 | 间接效应解释 总效应的百分比/% | 95%的置信区间 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 下限 | 上限 | |||
| 共情-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.041* | 13.67 | 0.027 | 0.055 |
| 共情-感恩-亲社会行为 | 0.063* | 21.00 | 0.034 | 0.082 |
| 共情-社会支持-亲社会行为 | 0.062* | 20.67 | 0.033 | 0.081 |
| 共情-感恩-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.024* | 8.00 | 0.014 | 0.036 |
| 共情-社会支持-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.028* | 9.33 | 0.017 | 0.039 |
| 共情-感恩-社会支持-亲社会行为 | 0.023* | 7.66 | 0.013 | 0.035 |
| 共情-感恩-社会支持-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.011* | 3.66 | 0.003 | 0.020 |
表2链式中介模型中介效应显著性检验的Bootstrap分析
| 间接路径 | 标准化间接 效应估计值 | 间接效应解释 总效应的百分比/% | 95%的置信区间 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 下限 | 上限 | |||
| 共情-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.041* | 13.67 | 0.027 | 0.055 |
| 共情-感恩-亲社会行为 | 0.063* | 21.00 | 0.034 | 0.082 |
| 共情-社会支持-亲社会行为 | 0.062* | 20.67 | 0.033 | 0.081 |
| 共情-感恩-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.024* | 8.00 | 0.014 | 0.036 |
| 共情-社会支持-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.028* | 9.33 | 0.017 | 0.039 |
| 共情-感恩-社会支持-亲社会行为 | 0.023* | 7.66 | 0.013 | 0.035 |
| 共情-感恩-社会支持-PTG-亲社会行为 | 0.011* | 3.66 | 0.003 | 0.020 |
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