发展资源在减少青少年外化问题行为中的累积效应及关系模式

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常淑敏(

), 张丽娅, 王玲晓

山东师范大学心理学院, 济南 250358

收稿日期:2018-12-20出版日期:2019-11-25发布日期:2019-09-24
通讯作者:常淑敏E-mail:shuminchang102@163.com

基金资助:* 全国教育科学“十二五”规划教育部重点课题资助(DBA140227)

The cumulative effects and relationship model of developmental assets used to reduce adolescent externalizing behaviors

CHANG Shumin(

), ZHANG Liya, WANG Lingxiao

School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China

Received:2018-12-20Online:2019-11-25Published:2019-09-24
Contact:CHANG Shumin E-mail:shuminchang102@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以1219名初一学生为被试进行间隔一年的追踪研究, 考察了发展资源对青少年当前和一年后外化问题行为的累积效应及其关系模式, 并进一步探讨了性别在关系模式中可能存在的调节作用。结果表明：(1)发展资源对青少年当前和一年后外化问题行为的减少均具有累积效应, 具体而言, 发展资源对青少年当前外化问题行为的累积效应呈二次函数的非线性模式, 而对青少年一年后外化问题行为的累积效应呈线性模式; (2)性别的调节作用仅在累积发展资源与青少年当前外化问题行为间的二次函数模式中显著。研究结果为有针对性地进行资源构建, 预防和减少青少年外化问题行为提供了依据。

图/表 11

表1T1发展资源各类别情况(N = 1219)

发展资源类别		M (SD)				拥有该发展资源的学生比例(%)
支持		20.54 (5.61)				61.36
授权		17.89 (5.47)				41.59
规范与期望		21.02 (5.05)				64.06
有效利用时间		15.41 (7.21)				32.65
投身于学习		19.85 (5.57)				55.54
积极价值观		18.80 (4.99)				42.08
社会能力		20.13 (5.43)				57.01
自我肯定		18.76 (6.02)				47.08
资源指数	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
比例(%)	13.21	11.89	10.17	11.48	7.38	9.43	10.91	11.57	13.95

表1T1发展资源各类别情况(N = 1219)

发展资源类别		M (SD)				拥有该发展资源的学生比例(%)
支持		20.54 (5.61)				61.36
授权		17.89 (5.47)				41.59
规范与期望		21.02 (5.05)				64.06
有效利用时间		15.41 (7.21)				32.65
投身于学习		19.85 (5.57)				55.54
积极价值观		18.80 (4.99)				42.08
社会能力		20.13 (5.43)				57.01
自我肯定		18.76 (6.02)				47.08
资源指数	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
比例(%)	13.21	11.89	10.17	11.48	7.38	9.43	10.91	11.57	13.95

表2两次测量中主要变量的平均数和标准差(M ± SD)

变量	城市		农村		总体
变量	男生	女生	男生	女生	总体
T1累积发展资源指数	4.23 ± 2.75	4.03 ± 2.71	3.82 ± 2.75	3.95 ± 2.77	4.01 ± 2.74
T1外化问题行为	0.95 ± 2.26	0.40 ± 1.50	3.41 ± 5.55	1.04 ± 2.07	1.53 ± 3.57
T2外化问题行为	1.66 ± 3.57	1.39 ± 3.15	2.73 ± 5.53	2.02 ± 4.31	1.98 ± 4.31

表2两次测量中主要变量的平均数和标准差(M ± SD)

变量	城市		农村		总体
变量	男生	女生	男生	女生	总体
T1累积发展资源指数	4.23 ± 2.75	4.03 ± 2.71	3.82 ± 2.75	3.95 ± 2.77	4.01 ± 2.74
T1外化问题行为	0.95 ± 2.26	0.40 ± 1.50	3.41 ± 5.55	1.04 ± 2.07	1.53 ± 3.57
T2外化问题行为	1.66 ± 3.57	1.39 ± 3.15	2.73 ± 5.53	2.02 ± 4.31	1.98 ± 4.31

表3两次测量中主要变量的相关系数

变量	1	2	3	4	5
1 性别^a	1
2 家庭居住地^b	0.02	1
3 T1累积发展资源指数	-0.01	-0.05	1
4 T1外化问题行为	-0.18^***	0.23^***	-0.11^***	1
5 T2外化问题行为	-0.05	0.10^**	-0.10^**	0.12^***	1

表3两次测量中主要变量的相关系数

变量	1	2	3	4	5
1 性别^a	1
2 家庭居住地^b	0.02	1
3 T1累积发展资源指数	-0.01	-0.05	1
4 T1外化问题行为	-0.18^***	0.23^***	-0.11^***	1
5 T2外化问题行为	-0.05	0.10^**	-0.10^**	0.12^***	1

表4发展资源对青少年当前和一年后外化问题行为的累积效应

变量	T1外化问题行为					T2外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.09	0.09	56.19(2)			0.02	0.02	8.55(3)
性别				-0.18^***	[-1.78, -0.98]				-0.04	[-0.84, 0.14]
家庭居住地				0.23^***	[1.34, 2.15]				0.07^*	[0.12, 1.15]
T1外化问题行为									0.09^**	[0.02, 0.22]
第二步	0.10	0.01	42.36(3)			0.03	0.01	8.31(4)
T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				-0.10^***	[-0.20, -0.08]				-0.08^**	[-0.23, -0.03]

表4发展资源对青少年当前和一年后外化问题行为的累积效应

变量	T1外化问题行为					T2外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.09	0.09	56.19(2)			0.02	0.02	8.55(3)
性别				-0.18^***	[-1.78, -0.98]				-0.04	[-0.84, 0.14]
家庭居住地				0.23^***	[1.34, 2.15]				0.07^*	[0.12, 1.15]
T1外化问题行为									0.09^**	[0.02, 0.22]
第二步	0.10	0.01	42.36(3)			0.03	0.01	8.31(4)
T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				-0.10^***	[-0.20, -0.08]				-0.08^**	[-0.23, -0.03]

表5累积发展资源与青少年当前和一年后的外化问题行为的关系模式

变量	T1外化问题行为					T2外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.08	0.08	56.19(2)			0.02	0.02	8.55(3)
性别				-0.18^***	[-1.76, -0.99]				-0.04	[-0.79, 0.17]
家庭居住地				0.23^***	[1.35, 2.17]				0.07^*	[0.09, 1.16]
T1外化问题行为									0.09^*	[0.02, 0.22]
第二步	0.09	0.01	42.36(3)			0.03	0.01	8.31(4)
T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				0.15	[-0.18, 0.50]				-0.24^*	[-0.74, -0.05]
第三步	0.10	0.01	33.46(4)			0.03	0.00	7.14(5)
T1累积发展资源指数(二次项)				-0.26^***	[-0.08, -0.01]				0.17	[-0.01, 0.07]

表5累积发展资源与青少年当前和一年后的外化问题行为的关系模式

变量	T1外化问题行为					T2外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.08	0.08	56.19(2)			0.02	0.02	8.55(3)
性别				-0.18^***	[-1.76, -0.99]				-0.04	[-0.79, 0.17]
家庭居住地				0.23^***	[1.35, 2.17]				0.07^*	[0.09, 1.16]
T1外化问题行为									0.09^*	[0.02, 0.22]
第二步	0.09	0.01	42.36(3)			0.03	0.01	8.31(4)
T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				0.15	[-0.18, 0.50]				-0.24^*	[-0.74, -0.05]
第三步	0.10	0.01	33.46(4)			0.03	0.00	7.14(5)
T1累积发展资源指数(二次项)				-0.26^***	[-0.08, -0.01]				0.17	[-0.01, 0.07]

图1T1累积发展资源与T1外化问题行为的关系模式

图2T1累积发展资源与T2外化问题行为的关系模式

图2T1累积发展资源与T2外化问题行为的关系模式

表6性别对累积发展资源与青少年当前外化问题行为之间关系模式的调节效应

变量	T1外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.05	0.05	67.57(1)
家庭居住地				0.23^***	[1.35, 2.12]
第二步	0.10	0.05	43.88(3)
性别				-0.18^***	[-1.77, -1.00]
T1累积发展资源指数(二次项)				-0.17^***	[-0.92, -0.41]
第三步	0.11	0.01	34.45(4)
性别×T1累积发展资源指数(二次项)				0.09^*	[0.15, 0.88]

表6性别对累积发展资源与青少年当前外化问题行为之间关系模式的调节效应

变量	T1外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.05	0.05	67.57(1)
家庭居住地				0.23^***	[1.35, 2.12]
第二步	0.10	0.05	43.88(3)
性别				-0.18^***	[-1.77, -1.00]
T1累积发展资源指数(二次项)				-0.17^***	[-0.92, -0.41]
第三步	0.11	0.01	34.45(4)
性别×T1累积发展资源指数(二次项)				0.09^*	[0.15, 0.88]

图3男生组累积发展资源与T1外化问题行为的关系模式

图4女生组累积发展资源与T1外化问题行为的关系模式

图4女生组累积发展资源与T1外化问题行为的关系模式

表7性别对累积发展资源与青少年一年后外化问题行为之间关系模式的调节效应

变量	T2外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.02	0.02	12.10(2)
家庭居住地				0.07^*	[0.18, 1.20]
T1外化问题行为				0.09^**	[0.02, 0.22]
第二步	0.03	0.01	8.31(4)
性别				-0.04	[-0.83, 0.19]
T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				-0.06	[-0.63, 0.08]
第三步	0.03	0.00	6.72(5)
性别×T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				-0.02	[-0.69, 0.39]

表7性别对累积发展资源与青少年一年后外化问题行为之间关系模式的调节效应

变量	T2外化问题行为
变量	R²	ΔR²	F(df)	β	95%CI
第一步	0.02	0.02	12.10(2)
家庭居住地				0.07^*	[0.18, 1.20]
T1外化问题行为				0.09^**	[0.02, 0.22]
第二步	0.03	0.01	8.31(4)
性别				-0.04	[-0.83, 0.19]
T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				-0.06	[-0.63, 0.08]
第三步	0.03	0.00	6.72(5)
性别×T1累积发展资源指数(一次项)				-0.02	[-0.69, 0.39]

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