) 北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心, 北京 100875
收稿日期:2018-05-04出版日期:2019-05-25发布日期:2019-03-20通讯作者:李燕芳E-mail:liyanfang@bnu.edu.cn基金资助:国家社会科学基金项目(15BRK011);北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心研究生自主课题(BJSM-2016A1-16002)Children’s quality-based resource allocation in different involvement contexts: The role of in-group favoritism
LIU Lu, XIAO Xue, LIU Lisha, XU Liangyuan, ZHANG Xuran, LI Yanfang() Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:2018-05-04Online:2019-05-25Published:2019-03-20Contact:LI Yanfang E-mail:liyanfang@bnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 为探究不同卷入情境下儿童基于资源价值的分配行为特点以及内群体偏爱在其中的作用, 呈现给儿童两种实验情境：实验1, 134名5~8岁儿童在第一方情境下与来自内、外群体的一名儿童分配不同价值的物品, 结果发现7~8岁儿童公平分配比例与5~6岁儿童无显著差异; 实验2, 130名5~8岁儿童在第三方情境下给来自特定群体的两名儿童分配资源, 结果发现7~8岁儿童公平分配比例显著高于5~6岁儿童。两个实验均发现儿童的分配行为表现出内群体偏爱, 5~6岁儿童比7~8岁儿童更明显。并且, 5~6岁女生比男生有更明显的内群体偏爱, 但在7~8岁组无性别差异。此外, 只有7~8岁儿童的公平分配行为表现出卷入情境上的差异, 他们在第三方情境比第一方情境下更能做出公平分配, 但5~6岁儿童的公平分配行为并无情境差异。综上可见, 比起年幼儿童, 年长儿童基于资源价值的公平行为发展得更好, 并且在两种卷入情境下受内群体偏爱的影响均更小。
图/表 6
图1实验情境示意图(以外群体条件为例)
图1实验情境示意图(以外群体条件为例)
图2实验材料示意图
图2实验材料示意图表1儿童在第一方情境中的各类分配行为的人数(百分比)
| 分配行为类型 | 群体条件 | 5~6岁(N = 61) | 7~8岁(N = 73) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男生(n = 30) | 女生(n = 31) | 男生(n = 40) | 女生(n = 33) | ||
| 公平 | 内群体 | 16 (53.33) | 14 (45.16) | 24 (60.00) | 17 (51.52) |
| 外群体 | 14 (46.67) | 15 (48.39) | 27 (67.50) | 19 (57.58) | |
| 利他 | 内群体 | 7 (23.33) | 11 (35.48) | 13 (32.50) | 14 (42.42) |
| 外群体 | 2 (6.67) | 3 (9.68) | 9 (22.50) | 12 (36.36) | |
| 利己 | 内群体 | 7 (23.33) | 6 (19.35) | 3 (7.50) | 2 (6.06) |
| 外群体 | 14 (46.67) | 13 (41.94) | 4 (10.00) | 2 (6.06) | |
表1儿童在第一方情境中的各类分配行为的人数(百分比)
| 分配行为类型 | 群体条件 | 5~6岁(N = 61) | 7~8岁(N = 73) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男生(n = 30) | 女生(n = 31) | 男生(n = 40) | 女生(n = 33) | ||
| 公平 | 内群体 | 16 (53.33) | 14 (45.16) | 24 (60.00) | 17 (51.52) |
| 外群体 | 14 (46.67) | 15 (48.39) | 27 (67.50) | 19 (57.58) | |
| 利他 | 内群体 | 7 (23.33) | 11 (35.48) | 13 (32.50) | 14 (42.42) |
| 外群体 | 2 (6.67) | 3 (9.68) | 9 (22.50) | 12 (36.36) | |
| 利己 | 内群体 | 7 (23.33) | 6 (19.35) | 3 (7.50) | 2 (6.06) |
| 外群体 | 14 (46.67) | 13 (41.94) | 4 (10.00) | 2 (6.06) | |
图3不同年龄的儿童在第一方情境中不同群体条件下的分配行为的人数比例
图3不同年龄的儿童在第一方情境中不同群体条件下的分配行为的人数比例表2儿童在第三方情境中的公平分配人数(百分比)
| 群体条件 | 5~6岁(N = 64) | 7~8岁(N = 66) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男生(n = 29) | 女生(n = 35) | 男生(n = 33) | 女生(n = 33) | |
| 外-外群体 | 14(48.28) | 23(65.71) | 28(84.85) | 31(93.94) |
| 内-内群体 | 15(51.72) | 23(65.71) | 26(78.79) | 29(87.88) |
| 内-外群体 | 10(34.48) | 8(22.86) | 18(54.55) | 23(69.70) |
表2儿童在第三方情境中的公平分配人数(百分比)
| 群体条件 | 5~6岁(N = 64) | 7~8岁(N = 66) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男生(n = 29) | 女生(n = 35) | 男生(n = 33) | 女生(n = 33) | |
| 外-外群体 | 14(48.28) | 23(65.71) | 28(84.85) | 31(93.94) |
| 内-内群体 | 15(51.72) | 23(65.71) | 26(78.79) | 29(87.88) |
| 内-外群体 | 10(34.48) | 8(22.86) | 18(54.55) | 23(69.70) |
图4不同年龄的儿童在第三方情境中不同群体条件下的公平分配行为的人数比例
图4不同年龄的儿童在第三方情境中不同群体条件下的公平分配行为的人数比例参考文献 50
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