), 李骋诗1, 王琦1, 李松泽1, 李涛涛1, 刘淑清2 1 辽宁师范大学心理学院, 大连 116029
2 大连医科大学基础医学院, 大连 116044
收稿日期:2017-01-09出版日期:2018-06-01发布日期:2018-04-28通讯作者:胡金生E-mail:hu_jinsheng@126.com作者简介:胡金生为共同第一作者|李骋诗为共同第一作者基金资助:辽宁****基金、辽宁省社会科学基金项目资助(L17DSH001)The deficiency of attention bias to emotional prosody in the teenagers with autism spectrum disorders: A perceptual mode of low efficiency
HU Jinsheng1(), LI Chengshi1, WANG Qi1, LI Songze1, LI Taotao1, LIU Shuqing2 1 School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
2 College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
Received:2017-01-09Online:2018-06-01Published:2018-04-28Contact:HU Jinsheng E-mail:hu_jinsheng@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 情绪注意偏向是指与中性刺激相比, 情绪刺激会引起个体的优先加工。为了探讨ASD青少年听觉通道的情绪注意偏向是否存在缺陷, 并进一步考察目标任务的知觉负载水平是否影响ASD青少年情绪韵律的注意偏向, 研究先后采用oddball范式、双任务范式呈现中性、快乐和愤怒韵律。实验1结果发现, ASD被试在不同情绪韵律类别下的反应时均长于TD被试。实验2结果发现, 在提供注意指示条件下, 即使在高知觉负载水平上, ASD被试的情绪韵律检测能力及错误率也与普通被试相似, 但对于情绪韵律的反应时与中性韵律无差异。结果表明, 知觉负载对ASD青少年情绪韵律注意偏向的影响是有限度的, 该群体听觉通道的情绪注意偏向存在缺陷, 主要表现为对情绪韵律知觉效率的相对低下。
图/表 11
表1被试样本的基本情况M (SD)
| 基本情况 | ASD (n = 14) | TD (n = 17) | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄(岁) | 16.93 (1.194) | 16.18 (0.53) | 0.92 | 0.365 |
| 韦氏言语智力 | 96.07 (9.54) | 102.00 (9.27) | -1.74 | 0.091 |
| 韦氏操作智力 | 102.93 (11.61) | 108.65 (8.49) | -1.58 | 0.124 |
| 韦氏全量表智力 | 102.36 (12.33) | 107.65 (9.72) | -1.34 | 0.192 |
表1被试样本的基本情况M (SD)
| 基本情况 | ASD (n = 14) | TD (n = 17) | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄(岁) | 16.93 (1.194) | 16.18 (0.53) | 0.92 | 0.365 |
| 韦氏言语智力 | 96.07 (9.54) | 102.00 (9.27) | -1.74 | 0.091 |
| 韦氏操作智力 | 102.93 (11.61) | 108.65 (8.49) | -1.58 | 0.124 |
| 韦氏全量表智力 | 102.36 (12.33) | 107.65 (9.72) | -1.34 | 0.192 |
图1实验材料及实验流程图注：第一行为目标任务图片, 第二行为韵律声音, 同时呈现200 ms; 黑色为中性韵律, 绿色为快乐韵律, 红色为愤怒韵律; 第三行为正确反应。彩图见电子版。
图1实验材料及实验流程图注：第一行为目标任务图片, 第二行为韵律声音, 同时呈现200 ms; 黑色为中性韵律, 绿色为快乐韵律, 红色为愤怒韵律; 第三行为正确反应。彩图见电子版。
图2单个试次流程图
图2单个试次流程图表2两组被试在oddball任务中的反应时和错误率M (SD)
| 统计指标 | ASD组 | TD组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 反应时(ms) | 589.16 (120.03) | 588.97 (129.68) | 586.87 (71.99) | 425.73 (99.65) | 430.03 (113.75) | 401.26 (105.77) |
| 错误率 | 0.16 (0.12) | 0.15 (0.10) | 0.12 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.03) |
表2两组被试在oddball任务中的反应时和错误率M (SD)
| 统计指标 | ASD组 | TD组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 反应时(ms) | 589.16 (120.03) | 588.97 (129.68) | 586.87 (71.99) | 425.73 (99.65) | 430.03 (113.75) | 401.26 (105.77) |
| 错误率 | 0.16 (0.12) | 0.15 (0.10) | 0.12 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.03) |
图3两组被试在三种韵律条件下图片判断的平均反应时(A)和错误率(B)
图3两组被试在三种韵律条件下图片判断的平均反应时(A)和错误率(B)
图4情绪韵律的单个试次流程图(以高知觉负载条件为例)
图4情绪韵律的单个试次流程图(以高知觉负载条件为例)表3两组被试在字母判断任务中的反应时M (SD)
| 负载 | TD组(ms) | ASD组(ms) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 低 | 618.84 (127.41) | 654.02 (144.84) | 553.12 (83.09) | 648.98 (135.02) | 632.25 (140.32) | 593.60 (111.13) |
| 高 | 863.93 (143.28) | 753.06 (151.50) | 748.23 (154.48) | 839.98 (127.54) | 819.49 (82.68) | 797.96 (108.23) |
表3两组被试在字母判断任务中的反应时M (SD)
| 负载 | TD组(ms) | ASD组(ms) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 低 | 618.84 (127.41) | 654.02 (144.84) | 553.12 (83.09) | 648.98 (135.02) | 632.25 (140.32) | 593.60 (111.13) |
| 高 | 863.93 (143.28) | 753.06 (151.50) | 748.23 (154.48) | 839.98 (127.54) | 819.49 (82.68) | 797.96 (108.23) |
图5不同韵律和知觉负载水平条件下TD组(A)和ASD组(B)字母判断的平均反应时
图5不同韵律和知觉负载水平条件下TD组(A)和ASD组(B)字母判断的平均反应时
图6不同韵律和知觉负载水平条件下TD组(A)和ASD组(B)字母判断的平均错误率
图6不同韵律和知觉负载水平条件下TD组(A)和ASD组(B)字母判断的平均错误率表4两组被试在字母判断任务中的错误率M (SD)
| 负载 | TD组 | ASD组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 低 | 0.19 (0.17) | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.24 (0.18) | 0.16 (0.14) | 0.08 (0.06) |
| 高 | 0.49 (0.18) | 0.40 (0.14) | 0.36 (0.13) | 0.46 (0.06) | 0.40 (0.16) | 0.37 (0.06) |
表4两组被试在字母判断任务中的错误率M (SD)
| 负载 | TD组 | ASD组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 低 | 0.19 (0.17) | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.24 (0.18) | 0.16 (0.14) | 0.08 (0.06) |
| 高 | 0.49 (0.18) | 0.40 (0.14) | 0.36 (0.13) | 0.46 (0.06) | 0.40 (0.16) | 0.37 (0.06) |
表5两组被试在不同知觉负载水平下情绪韵律的平均检测率M (SD)
| 负载 | TD组 | ASD组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 低 | 100% (2.4%) | 93.33% (2.1%) | 100% (1.8%) | 93.33% (3.3%) | 93.33% (2.3%) | 100% (2.1%) |
| 高 | 86.67% (2.0%) | 93.33% (1.9%) | 100% (2.7%) | 86.67% (3.0%) | 80.00% (1.6%) | 100% (2.8%) |
表5两组被试在不同知觉负载水平下情绪韵律的平均检测率M (SD)
| 负载 | TD组 | ASD组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | 愤怒 | 快乐 | 中性 | |
| 低 | 100% (2.4%) | 93.33% (2.1%) | 100% (1.8%) | 93.33% (3.3%) | 93.33% (2.3%) | 100% (2.1%) |
| 高 | 86.67% (2.0%) | 93.33% (1.9%) | 100% (2.7%) | 86.67% (3.0%) | 80.00% (1.6%) | 100% (2.8%) |
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