) 1. 东南大学儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室, 南京 210096
2. 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海 200062
3. 上海长宁-华东师大精神卫生中心, 上海 200335
收稿日期:2018-08-10出版日期:2019-08-21发布日期:2019-07-24通讯作者:李先春E-mail:xcli@psy.ecnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 东南大学基本科研业务费资助项目(CDLS-2018-02);上海市卫计委重点专科项目(ZK2015B01);上海市卫计委项目(201540114)Neural mechanisms of fairness formation in the perspective of social interactions
ZHANG Ruqian2, LIU Jieqiong2, LI Xianchun1,2,3() 1. Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China
2. The School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
3. Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China;
Received:2018-08-10Online:2019-08-21Published:2019-07-24Contact:LI Xianchun E-mail:xcli@psy.ecnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 最后通牒博弈任务被广泛用以探究公平行为, 以往研究大多集中于对博弈中某一方决策行为和神经机制的探讨, 但是人际公平可能是互动双方重复博弈的结果。因此只考察单个大脑活动, 并不足以揭示由互动双方共同完成的社会认知活动的脑机制。因此, 本研究结合修改版的最后通牒博弈任务和基于fNIRS的超扫描技术, 从群体脑水平上考察人际公平形成的脑机制。行为结果显示, 相比无惩罚条件, 惩罚下提议者的分配金额更高, 且惩罚力度越强, 分配越趋近公平分配。fNIRS的结果显示, 惩罚下右侧背外侧前额叶皮层、顶下小叶和颞-顶联合区的脑间活动同步性显著强于无惩罚条件, 而且两条件的分配金额差异越大, 右侧顶下小叶的脑间活动同步性差异也越大。综上, 脑间活动同步性可以作为惩罚下人际公平形成的客观脑指标, 研究为探讨人际公平的内在机制提供了新的视角。
图/表 6
图1实验场景、实验流程和探头板定位
图1实验场景、实验流程和探头板定位表1通道位置
| 通道 | MNI坐标 | AAL分区 | 布鲁德曼分区 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | 脑区 | 概率 | 脑区 | 概率 | |
| 1 | 59.49 | 21.37 | 20.43 | 右侧三角部额下回 | 0.67 | 44-岛盖部, 布洛卡区部分 | 0.53 |
| 2 | 66.87 | -7.18 | 29.10 | 右侧中央后回 | 1.00 | 43-中央下区 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 67.53 | -33.40 | 34.90 | 右侧缘上回 | 1.00 | 40-缘上回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 0.72 |
| 4 | 59.42 | -59.03 | 33.70 | 右侧角回 | 1.00 | 39-角回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 0.97 |
| 5 | 50.69 | 36.73 | 27.05 | 右侧额中回 | 0.52 | 45-布洛卡区三角区 | 1.00 |
| 6 | 58.80 | 7.96 | 36.56 | 右侧中央前回 | 0.97 | 6-前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层 | 0.78 |
| 7 | 63.88 | -20.28 | 43.97 | 右侧缘上回 | 0.76 | 1-初级躯体感觉皮质 | 0.83 |
| 8 | 60.37 | -45.14 | 46.84 | 右侧顶下小叶 | 0.60 | 40-缘上回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 1.00 |
| 9 | 48.36 | -68.79 | 43.83 | 右侧角回 | 1.00 | 39-角回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 1.00 |
| 10 | 47.43 | 24.55 | 43.41 | 右侧额中回 | 0.99 | 44-岛盖部, 布洛卡区部分 | 0.51 |
| 11 | 54.49 | -4.25 | 50.69 | 右侧中央前回 | 0.55 | 6-前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层 | 0.97 |
| 12 | 56.89 | -31.30 | 54.81 | 右侧顶下小叶 | 0.72 | 1-初级躯体感觉皮质 | 0.68 |
| 13 | 49.68 | -55.49 | 55.37 | 右侧顶下小叶 | 0.84 | 40-缘上回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 0.81 |
| 14 | 33.83 | 37.74 | 46.08 | 右侧额中回 | 0.98 | 9-背外侧前额叶皮层 | 1.00 |
| 15 | 42.48 | 13.34 | 56.74 | 右侧额中回 | 1.00 | 9-背外侧前额叶皮层 | 0.79 |
| 16 | 47.64 | -17.53 | 62.57 | 右侧中央前回 | 0.52 | 4-初级运动皮层 | 0.65 |
| 17 | 43.34 | -42.84 | 63.31 | 右侧顶上小叶 | 0.55 | 2-初级躯体感觉皮质 | 0.52 |
| 18 | 32.38 | -63.83 | 61.62 | 右侧顶上小叶 | 0.99 | 7-躯体感觉联合皮层 | 1.00 |
| 19 | 27.55 | 24.62 | 58.16 | 右侧额上回 | 0.78 | 8-前额眼动区 | 0.99 |
| 20 | 34.22 | -1.43 | 65.56 | 右侧额上回 | 0.66 | 6-前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层 | 1.00 |
| 21 | 35.98 | -29.29 | 70.73 | 右侧中央后回 | 0.64 | 4-初级运动皮层 | 0.84 |
| 22 | 28.73 | -53.67 | 70.81 | 右侧顶上小叶 | 1.00 | 7-躯体感觉联合皮层 | 1.00 |
表1通道位置
| 通道 | MNI坐标 | AAL分区 | 布鲁德曼分区 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | 脑区 | 概率 | 脑区 | 概率 | |
| 1 | 59.49 | 21.37 | 20.43 | 右侧三角部额下回 | 0.67 | 44-岛盖部, 布洛卡区部分 | 0.53 |
| 2 | 66.87 | -7.18 | 29.10 | 右侧中央后回 | 1.00 | 43-中央下区 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 67.53 | -33.40 | 34.90 | 右侧缘上回 | 1.00 | 40-缘上回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 0.72 |
| 4 | 59.42 | -59.03 | 33.70 | 右侧角回 | 1.00 | 39-角回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 0.97 |
| 5 | 50.69 | 36.73 | 27.05 | 右侧额中回 | 0.52 | 45-布洛卡区三角区 | 1.00 |
| 6 | 58.80 | 7.96 | 36.56 | 右侧中央前回 | 0.97 | 6-前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层 | 0.78 |
| 7 | 63.88 | -20.28 | 43.97 | 右侧缘上回 | 0.76 | 1-初级躯体感觉皮质 | 0.83 |
| 8 | 60.37 | -45.14 | 46.84 | 右侧顶下小叶 | 0.60 | 40-缘上回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 1.00 |
| 9 | 48.36 | -68.79 | 43.83 | 右侧角回 | 1.00 | 39-角回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 1.00 |
| 10 | 47.43 | 24.55 | 43.41 | 右侧额中回 | 0.99 | 44-岛盖部, 布洛卡区部分 | 0.51 |
| 11 | 54.49 | -4.25 | 50.69 | 右侧中央前回 | 0.55 | 6-前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层 | 0.97 |
| 12 | 56.89 | -31.30 | 54.81 | 右侧顶下小叶 | 0.72 | 1-初级躯体感觉皮质 | 0.68 |
| 13 | 49.68 | -55.49 | 55.37 | 右侧顶下小叶 | 0.84 | 40-缘上回, 威尔尼克区部分 | 0.81 |
| 14 | 33.83 | 37.74 | 46.08 | 右侧额中回 | 0.98 | 9-背外侧前额叶皮层 | 1.00 |
| 15 | 42.48 | 13.34 | 56.74 | 右侧额中回 | 1.00 | 9-背外侧前额叶皮层 | 0.79 |
| 16 | 47.64 | -17.53 | 62.57 | 右侧中央前回 | 0.52 | 4-初级运动皮层 | 0.65 |
| 17 | 43.34 | -42.84 | 63.31 | 右侧顶上小叶 | 0.55 | 2-初级躯体感觉皮质 | 0.52 |
| 18 | 32.38 | -63.83 | 61.62 | 右侧顶上小叶 | 0.99 | 7-躯体感觉联合皮层 | 1.00 |
| 19 | 27.55 | 24.62 | 58.16 | 右侧额上回 | 0.78 | 8-前额眼动区 | 0.99 |
| 20 | 34.22 | -1.43 | 65.56 | 右侧额上回 | 0.66 | 6-前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层 | 1.00 |
| 21 | 35.98 | -29.29 | 70.73 | 右侧中央后回 | 0.64 | 4-初级运动皮层 | 0.84 |
| 22 | 28.73 | -53.67 | 70.81 | 右侧顶上小叶 | 1.00 | 7-躯体感觉联合皮层 | 1.00 |
图20.01~0.2 Hz频段内惩罚与无惩罚条件的INS差异检验的t值图(A)和p值图(B)
图20.01~0.2 Hz频段内惩罚与无惩罚条件的INS差异检验的t值图(A)和p值图(B)
图3每对被试50个试次的分配方案以及惩罚情况
图3每对被试50个试次的分配方案以及惩罚情况
图4不同实验条件下的平均分配金额(A); 惩罚条件下惩罚力度与分配金额的相关性(B); 不同实验条件下提议者和接受者的平均获益金额(C)
图4不同实验条件下的平均分配金额(A); 惩罚条件下惩罚力度与分配金额的相关性(B); 不同实验条件下提议者和接受者的平均获益金额(C)
图5通道12和15在0.13~0.2 Hz频段内INS条件间的差异(A&B); 惩罚与无惩罚条件下分配金额之差与通道12在0.13~0.2 Hz频段内的INS之差的相关性(C); 通道9、13和22在0.03~0.04 Hz频段内INS条件间的差异(D&E)
图5通道12和15在0.13~0.2 Hz频段内INS条件间的差异(A&B); 惩罚与无惩罚条件下分配金额之差与通道12在0.13~0.2 Hz频段内的INS之差的相关性(C); 通道9、13和22在0.03~0.04 Hz频段内INS条件间的差异(D&E)参考文献 56
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