), 戴冰() 四川应用心理学研究中心, 成都 610500
收稿日期:2019-06-19出版日期:2020-01-25发布日期:2019-11-21通讯作者:王建峰,戴冰E-mail:wjfzy1985@163.com;daibing080402@126.com基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(31700980);四川省社科规划基地项目(SC16E015);四川应用心理学研究中心项目(CSXL-162105)The pursuit of fame at the expense of profit: The influence of power motive and social presence on prosocial behavior
WANG Jianfeng(), DAI Bing() Sichuan Research Center for Applied Psychology, Chengdu 610500, China
Received:2019-06-19Online:2020-01-25Published:2019-11-21Contact:WANG Jianfeng,DAI Bing E-mail:wjfzy1985@163.com;daibing080402@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 目前关于权力动机的研究主要关注权力动机的阴暗面, 但是对权力动机的积极面尚不清楚。本研究从公平与合作行为的角度出发, 分别采用最后通牒博弈和公共物品博弈任务, 探讨不同权力动机水平个体在内隐(眼睛线索)或外显(他人在场)社会存在下的亲社会行为是否不同。结果发现, 在眼睛线索或他人在场条件下, 相对于低权力动机者, 高权力动机者表现出更高的公平与合作水平。然而当没有社会存在线索时, 高低权力动机者的亲社会行为没有显著差异。结果提示高权力动机者出于名誉和地位的策略考虑, 也会表现出积极的亲社会行为。
图/表 9
图1眼睛线索和花朵线索
图1眼睛线索和花朵线索表1眼睛与花朵线索条件下权力动机得分与分配金额的平均数和标准差
| 条件 | 权力动机 | 分配金额 |
|---|---|---|
| 眼睛线索 | 7.74 (3.27) | 51.77 (9.71) |
| 花朵线索 | 8.07 (2.65) | 47.34 (8.00) |
表1眼睛与花朵线索条件下权力动机得分与分配金额的平均数和标准差
| 条件 | 权力动机 | 分配金额 |
|---|---|---|
| 眼睛线索 | 7.74 (3.27) | 51.77 (9.71) |
| 花朵线索 | 8.07 (2.65) | 47.34 (8.00) |
表2权力动机、线索类型对最后通牒博弈中分配金额的多元分层回归
| 变量 | 第一层 | 第二层 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | β | t | |
| 权力动机 | 0.16 | 1.71 | 0.11 | 1.19 |
| 线索类型 | 0.27 | 2.93** | -0.38 | -1.56 |
| 权力动机×线索类型 | 0.59 | 2.86** | ||
| F | 5.08** | 6.34** | ||
| R2 | 0.08 | 0.15 | ||
| R2变化 | 0.06** | |||
表2权力动机、线索类型对最后通牒博弈中分配金额的多元分层回归
| 变量 | 第一层 | 第二层 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | β | t | |
| 权力动机 | 0.16 | 1.71 | 0.11 | 1.19 |
| 线索类型 | 0.27 | 2.93** | -0.38 | -1.56 |
| 权力动机×线索类型 | 0.59 | 2.86** | ||
| F | 5.08** | 6.34** | ||
| R2 | 0.08 | 0.15 | ||
| R2变化 | 0.06** | |||
图2权力动机、线索类型与分配金额的关系 注：± 1SD分别代表平均数上下一个标准差, 下同。
图2权力动机、线索类型与分配金额的关系 注：± 1SD分别代表平均数上下一个标准差, 下同。表3不同分组条件下被试分配金额(元)的平均数与标准差
| 不同分组 | 分配金额 |
|---|---|
| 眼睛线索高权力动机组(n = 30) | 54.77 (10.74) |
| 眼睛线索低权力动机组(n = 27) | 48.44 (7.25) |
| 花朵线索高权力动机组(n = 35) | 46.71 (9.28) |
| 花朵线索低权力动机组(n = 23) | 48.30 (5.58) |
表3不同分组条件下被试分配金额(元)的平均数与标准差
| 不同分组 | 分配金额 |
|---|---|
| 眼睛线索高权力动机组(n = 30) | 54.77 (10.74) |
| 眼睛线索低权力动机组(n = 27) | 48.44 (7.25) |
| 花朵线索高权力动机组(n = 35) | 46.71 (9.28) |
| 花朵线索低权力动机组(n = 23) | 48.30 (5.58) |
表4公开与匿名情境下权力动机得分与捐资金额的平均数与标准差
| 条件 | 权力动机 | 分配金额 |
|---|---|---|
| 公开情境 | 6.94 (3.27) | 66.16 (22.03) |
| 匿名情境 | 6.37 (3.28) | 50.74 (24.47) |
表4公开与匿名情境下权力动机得分与捐资金额的平均数与标准差
| 条件 | 权力动机 | 分配金额 |
|---|---|---|
| 公开情境 | 6.94 (3.27) | 66.16 (22.03) |
| 匿名情境 | 6.37 (3.28) | 50.74 (24.47) |
表5权力动机、他人在场对公共物品困境中捐资金额的多元分层回归
| 变量 | 第一层 | 第二层 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | β | t | |
| 权力动机 | 0.09 | 1.11 | 0.09 | 1.15 |
| 他人在场 | 0.31 | 3.81*** | -0.17 | -0.93 |
| 权力动机×他人在场 | 0.53 | 2.96** | ||
| F | 8.30*** | 8.76*** | ||
| R2 | 0.11 | 0.16 | ||
| R2变化 | 0.05** | |||
表5权力动机、他人在场对公共物品困境中捐资金额的多元分层回归
| 变量 | 第一层 | 第二层 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | β | t | |
| 权力动机 | 0.09 | 1.11 | 0.09 | 1.15 |
| 他人在场 | 0.31 | 3.81*** | -0.17 | -0.93 |
| 权力动机×他人在场 | 0.53 | 2.96** | ||
| F | 8.30*** | 8.76*** | ||
| R2 | 0.11 | 0.16 | ||
| R2变化 | 0.05** | |||
图3权力动机、他人在场与捐资金额的关系
图3权力动机、他人在场与捐资金额的关系表6不同分组条件下被试捐资金额(代币)的平均数与标准差
| 不同分组 | 捐资金额 |
|---|---|
| 公开情境高权力动机组(n = 40) | 74.25 (18.62) |
| 公开情境低权力动机组(n = 30) | 55.37 (21.85) |
| 匿名情境高权力动机组(n = 36) | 47.14 (22.90) |
| 匿名情境低权力动机组(n = 34) | 54.56 (25.81) |
表6不同分组条件下被试捐资金额(代币)的平均数与标准差
| 不同分组 | 捐资金额 |
|---|---|
| 公开情境高权力动机组(n = 40) | 74.25 (18.62) |
| 公开情境低权力动机组(n = 30) | 55.37 (21.85) |
| 匿名情境高权力动机组(n = 36) | 47.14 (22.90) |
| 匿名情境低权力动机组(n = 34) | 54.56 (25.81) |
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