认认知模糊程度和动机强度对有意识和无意识自我欺骗的影响

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钟罗金¹, 汝涛涛², 范梦³, 莫雷⁴(

)

1 华南师范大学基础教育培训与研究院, 广州 510631
2 华南师范大学, 国家绿色光电子国际联合研究中心, 光与身心健康实验室, 广州 510006
3 广东工业大学学生就业指导中心, 广州 510006
4 华南师范大学心理学院, 广州 510631

收稿日期:2018-10-31出版日期:2019-12-25发布日期:2019-10-21
通讯作者:莫雷E-mail:molei@scnu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划青年项目(GD16YXL02);广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目, 广州市哲学社科规划2019年度“羊城青年学人”课题(2019GZQN19);华南师范大学青年教师科研培育基金项目资助(15SK04)

The effect of cognitive vagueness and motivation on conscious and unconscious self-deception

ZHONG Luojin¹, RU Taotao², FAN Meng³, MO Lei⁴(

)

1 School of Professional Development and Research on Primary and Secondary Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2 Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
3 The Center of Student Career Service, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
4 School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

Received:2018-10-31Online:2019-12-25Published:2019-10-21
Contact:MO Lei E-mail:molei@scnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 三个实验分别探讨了无意识和有意识自我欺骗存在的可能性, 以及认知模糊程度与动机强度对两种自我欺骗的影响。实验1的结果发现, 自我欺骗存在无意识和有意识两种形式; 实验2的结果发现, 随着认知模糊程度的降低, 无意识自我欺骗人数明显减少, 而有意识自我欺骗人数显著增加; 实验3的结果发现, 随着动机强度的增加, 有意识自我欺骗人数显著增多, 无意识自我欺骗人数并无显著变化。结果提示, 自我欺骗具有现实存在性, 且有两种不同形式; 两种形式自我欺骗具有不同的产生机制。

图/表 6

表1两种条件下实际测试成绩和预估成绩(M ± SD)

类型	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
控制组	5.56 ± 1.55	5.53 ± 1.38	5.39 ± 1.51	5.53 ± 1.21
实验组	8.03 ± 1.47	6.34 ± 1.31	4.99 ± 1.52	5.63 ± 1.28

表1两种条件下实际测试成绩和预估成绩(M ± SD)

类型	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
控制组	5.56 ± 1.55	5.53 ± 1.38	5.39 ± 1.51	5.53 ± 1.21
实验组	8.03 ± 1.47	6.34 ± 1.31	4.99 ± 1.52	5.63 ± 1.28

表2有无意识自我欺骗者三份试卷的实际成绩和预估成绩(M ± SD)

类型	人数	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
无意识自我欺骗	16	7.13 ± 1.02	7.31 ± 1.20	5.06 ± 1.53	7.06 ± 1.18
有意识自我欺骗	42	8.64 ± 1.37	6.05 ± 1.29	5.14 ± 1.54	5.14 ± 1.00

表2有无意识自我欺骗者三份试卷的实际成绩和预估成绩(M ± SD)

类型	人数	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
无意识自我欺骗	16	7.13 ± 1.02	7.31 ± 1.20	5.06 ± 1.53	7.06 ± 1.18
有意识自我欺骗	42	8.64 ± 1.37	6.05 ± 1.29	5.14 ± 1.54	5.14 ± 1.00

表3两个条件下三份测试的结果(M ± SD)

条件	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
认知模糊大	7.97 ± 1.26	6.82 ± 1.31	5.03 ± 1.69	6.06 ± 1.37
认知模糊小	8.17 ± 1.25	6.46 ± 1.22	5.11 ± 1.66	5.60 ± 1.01

表3两个条件下三份测试的结果(M ± SD)

条件	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
认知模糊大	7.97 ± 1.26	6.82 ± 1.31	5.03 ± 1.69	6.06 ± 1.37
认知模糊小	8.17 ± 1.25	6.46 ± 1.22	5.11 ± 1.66	5.60 ± 1.01

表4两个条件下各种类型的人数

条件	总人数	作弊人数	无意识自我欺骗	有意识自我欺骗
认知模糊大	50	33	12	18
认知模糊小	50	35	3	28

表4两个条件下各种类型的人数

条件	总人数	作弊人数	无意识自我欺骗	有意识自我欺骗
认知模糊大	50	33	12	18
认知模糊小	50	35	3	28

表5高低动机条件下三份测试的结果(M ± SD)

条件	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
低动机组	7.83 ± 1.34	6.68 ± 1.27	4.88 ± 1.60	5.80 ± 1.51
高动机组	7.85 ± 1.39	6.44 ± 1.22	4.85 ± 1.66	5.43 ± 1.30

表5高低动机条件下三份测试的结果(M ± SD)

条件	卷1测试	卷2预估	卷2测试	卷3预估
低动机组	7.83 ± 1.34	6.68 ± 1.27	4.88 ± 1.60	5.80 ± 1.51
高动机组	7.85 ± 1.39	6.44 ± 1.22	4.85 ± 1.66	5.43 ± 1.30

表6高低动机条件下各种类型人数情况

条件	总人数	作弊人数	无意识自欺	有意识自欺
低动机组	60	40	14	24
高动机组	60	54	10	40

表6高低动机条件下各种类型人数情况

条件	总人数	作弊人数	无意识自欺	有意识自欺
低动机组	60	40	14	24
高动机组	60	54	10	40

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