公平或是利益?权力对分配公平感的影响

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孙倩¹, 龙长权², 王修欣¹, 刘永芳¹(

)

¹ 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海200062
² 西南大学心理学部, 重庆400715

收稿日期:2019-01-01出版日期:2019-08-25发布日期:2019-06-24

基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB121);教育部人文社会科学项目(18YJC190015)

Fairness or benefit? The effect of power on distributive fairness

SUN Qian¹, LONG Changquan², WANG Xiuxin¹, LIU Yongfang¹(

)

¹ School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062
² Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715

Received:2019-01-01Online:2019-08-25Published:2019-06-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过3个实验逐步考察了高、低权力个体对三种分配方案(公平/劣势不公平/优势不公平)的公平感。结果发现：(1)被试的公平评级从高到低依次为公平、优势不公平、劣势不公平, 做出评级的反应时则从快到慢依次为公平、劣势不公平、优势不公平; (2)相对于低权力被试, 高权力被试对劣势不公平分配的公平评级更低, 而对公平分配和优势不公平分配的公平评级更高, 且做出公平判断的反应时更短。基于这些结果, 作者提出了公平与利益权衡的公平优先效应及权力的自我增强假设, 以更好地理解权力和公平的本质及二者的关系。

图/表 6

图1被试对41种分配比例的公平评级

图2实验2流程

图3被试在高、低权力条件下对三种分配方案的公平评级注：误差线为标准误; *表示在0.05水平上显著, ***表示在0.001水平上显著(下同)。

图3被试在高、低权力条件下对三种分配方案的公平评级注：误差线为标准误; *表示在0.05水平上显著, ***表示在0.001水平上显著(下同)。

表1被试在高、低权力条件下对三种分配方案进行公平评级的反应时(M ± SD)

类型	公平分配	劣势不公平	优势不公平
高权力	781.24 ± 195.50	1020.13 ± 244.15	1311.44 ± 298.71
低权力	833.05 ± 217.49	1107.04 ± 279.82	1231.66 ± 257.24

表1被试在高、低权力条件下对三种分配方案进行公平评级的反应时(M ± SD)

类型	公平分配	劣势不公平	优势不公平
高权力	781.24 ± 195.50	1020.13 ± 244.15	1311.44 ± 298.71
低权力	833.05 ± 217.49	1107.04 ± 279.82	1231.66 ± 257.24

图4高、低权力个体对三种分配方案的公平评级

图4高、低权力个体对三种分配方案的公平评级

表2高、低权力被试对三种分配方案进行公平评级的反应时(M ± SD)

类型	公平分配	劣势不公平	优势不公平
高权力	641.68 ± 160.59	813.24 ± 190.39	1046.30 ± 233.68
低权力	830.40 ± 232.57	965.04 ± 195.05	1220.60 ± 260.94

表2高、低权力被试对三种分配方案进行公平评级的反应时(M ± SD)

类型	公平分配	劣势不公平	优势不公平
高权力	641.68 ± 160.59	813.24 ± 190.39	1046.30 ± 233.68
低权力	830.40 ± 232.57	965.04 ± 195.05	1220.60 ± 260.94

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