) 1南京师范大学文学院, 南京 210097
2纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校教育学院, 纽约 12222
3南京师范大学心理学院, 南京 210097
收稿日期:2020-07-11发布日期:2021-04-25通讯作者:梁丹丹E-mail:ldd233@163.com基金资助:江苏省社会科学基金项目研究成果(19YYC003);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)Transitional probabilities and expectation for word length impact verbal statistical learning
YU Wenbo1, WANG Lu1, QU Xingfang1, WANG Tianlin2, ZHANG Jingjing3, LIANG Dandan1() 1School of Chinese Language and Culture, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
2School of Education, University at Albany, State University of New York, New York 12222, USA
3School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
Received:2020-07-11Published:2021-04-25Contact:LIANG Dandan E-mail:ldd233@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 语音统计学习指个体在加工人工语言过程中, 可以追踪音节间的转换概率实现切分语流、提取词(语)的过程。本研究采用2(转换概率：高转换概率、低转换概率) × 2(词长期待：两音节、三音节)的混合实验设计来考察转换概率和词长期待对语音统计学习的影响, 转换概率是被试间变量, 词长期待是被试内变量。事后检验发现, 仅在低转换概率人工语言的三音节迫选条件下, 被试没有表现出显著的学习效果。事先对比发现, 在学习低转换概率的人工语言后, 被试完成三音节迫选试次的成绩显著低于两音节迫选试次; 在三音节迫选试次中, 学习低转换概率人工语言被试的成绩也显著低于学习高转换概率被试的成绩。以上结果说明, 转换概率和词长期待共同影响个体语音统计学习的效果。
图/表 6
图1语音统计学习任务人工语言合成规则示意图
图1语音统计学习任务人工语言合成规则示意图表1合成人工语言的音节、国际音标以及本实验中的目标词、非词
| 音节 | 音标 | 音节 | 音标 | 音节 | 音标 | 目标词 | 非词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nue | nyɛ | rua | ʐua | mei | mei | nueruote | nuegeilai |
| ruo | ʐuo | dia | tɪa | rou | ʐou | liageirua | liafote |
| te | tʰɤ | fo | fo | se | sɤ | diafolai | diaruorua |
| lia | lɪa | lai | laɪ | remei | rerou | ||
| gei | kei | re | ʐɤ | rouse | meise |
表1合成人工语言的音节、国际音标以及本实验中的目标词、非词
| 音节 | 音标 | 音节 | 音标 | 音节 | 音标 | 目标词 | 非词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nue | nyɛ | rua | ʐua | mei | mei | nueruote | nuegeilai |
| ruo | ʐuo | dia | tɪa | rou | ʐou | liageirua | liafote |
| te | tʰɤ | fo | fo | se | sɤ | diafolai | diaruorua |
| lia | lɪa | lai | laɪ | remei | rerou | ||
| gei | kei | re | ʐɤ | rouse | meise |
图2人工语言填充词示意图(上)和实验程序示意图(下)
图2人工语言填充词示意图(上)和实验程序示意图(下)
图3四种条件下被试迫选测验的正确率
图3四种条件下被试迫选测验的正确率表2转换概率和词长期待对统计学习效果影响的方差分析结果
| 自变量 | estimate | SE | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 截距 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 41.04 | < 0.001** |
| TP | -0.02 | 0.01 | -1.37 | 0.172 |
| 词长期待 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.42 | 0.157 |
| TP×词长期待 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.22 | 0.222 |
表2转换概率和词长期待对统计学习效果影响的方差分析结果
| 自变量 | estimate | SE | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 截距 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 41.04 | < 0.001** |
| TP | -0.02 | 0.01 | -1.37 | 0.172 |
| 词长期待 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.42 | 0.157 |
| TP×词长期待 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.22 | 0.222 |
表3事先对比结果
| 自变量 | estimate | SE | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 截距 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 41.04 | < 0.001** |
| 对比1 | -0.08 | 0.04 | -2.05 | 0.041* |
| 对比2 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 1.87 | 0.062 |
| 对比3 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 1.97 | 0.049* |
表3事先对比结果
| 自变量 | estimate | SE | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 截距 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 41.04 | < 0.001** |
| 对比1 | -0.08 | 0.04 | -2.05 | 0.041* |
| 对比2 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 1.87 | 0.062 |
| 对比3 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 1.97 | 0.049* |
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