![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/images/email.png)
1北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875
2北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院, 北京 100044
3中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心, 北京 100875
收稿日期:
2020-04-22出版日期:
2021-02-25发布日期:
2020-12-29通讯作者:
张生E-mail:zhangsheng@bnu.edu.cn基金资助:
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1911201)Shyness prediction and language style model construction of elementary school students
LUO Fang1, JIANG Liming1, TIAN Xuetao2, XIAO Mengge1, MA Yanzhen3, ZHANG Sheng3(![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/images/email.png)
1School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
3Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:
2020-04-22Online:
2021-02-25Published:
2020-12-29Contact:
ZHANG Sheng E-mail:zhangsheng@bnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要: 收集在线教学平台上1306名小学生的作文、日记及评论, 采用自然语言处理技术进行文本分析, 并应用机器学习模型实现对羞怯特质的自动预测, 构建小学生羞怯行为、认知和情绪的语言风格模型。研究发现:(1)扩充的心理词典适合分析小学生文本; (2)分别存在羞怯行为、认知和情绪问题的学生其日常用语既有共性也有特性, 且与普通学生存在差异; (3)羞怯各维度在不同分类器上达到较好的预测效果, 其中随机森林模型的整体表现相对最好。
图/表 9
表1训练集及测试集划分
样本数 | 羞怯行为 | 羞怯认知 | 羞怯情绪 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
是 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 否 | |
训练样本数 | 138 | 907 | 228 | 817 | 176 | 869 |
测试样本数 | 38 | 223 | 53 | 208 | 41 | 220 |
表1训练集及测试集划分
样本数 | 羞怯行为 | 羞怯认知 | 羞怯情绪 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
是 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 否 | |
训练样本数 | 138 | 907 | 228 | 817 | 176 | 869 |
测试样本数 | 38 | 223 | 53 | 208 | 41 | 220 |
表2模型分类结果及数据的实际分布
实际属于羞怯群体 | 实际属于普通群体 | |
---|---|---|
分类后属于羞怯群体 | TP | FP |
分类属于普通群体 | FN | TN |
表2模型分类结果及数据的实际分布
实际属于羞怯群体 | 实际属于普通群体 | |
---|---|---|
分类后属于羞怯群体 | TP | FP |
分类属于普通群体 | FN | TN |
表3教师评分与学生自评的相关
变量 | 教师评分- 羞怯行为 | 教师评分- 羞怯认知 | 教师评分- 羞怯情绪 | 教师评分-总分 |
---|---|---|---|---|
学生自评- 羞怯行为 | 0.205 | 0.514 | 0.419 | 0.415 |
学生自评- 羞怯认知 | -0.170 | 0.213 | -0.092 | -0.008 |
学生自评- 羞怯情绪 | 0.067 | 0.332 | 0.084 | 0.181 |
学生自评- 总分 | 0.058 | 0.421 | 0.161 | 0.239 |
表3教师评分与学生自评的相关
变量 | 教师评分- 羞怯行为 | 教师评分- 羞怯认知 | 教师评分- 羞怯情绪 | 教师评分-总分 |
---|---|---|---|---|
学生自评- 羞怯行为 | 0.205 | 0.514 | 0.419 | 0.415 |
学生自评- 羞怯认知 | -0.170 | 0.213 | -0.092 | -0.008 |
学生自评- 羞怯情绪 | 0.067 | 0.332 | 0.084 | 0.181 |
学生自评- 总分 | 0.058 | 0.421 | 0.161 | 0.239 |
表4描述统计结果汇总
维度 | 样本量 | 样本 比例 | 最低词 汇总量 | 最高词 汇总量 | 词汇总 量均值 | 词汇总量标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
羞怯行为 | ||||||
是(1) | 281 | 21.52% | 62 | 353086 | 7338.62 | 21711.80 |
否(0) | 1025 | 78.48% | 78 | 292321 | 10114.79 | 31150.93 |
羞怯认知 | ||||||
是(1) | 176 | 13.48% | 137 | 152657 | 6056.41 | 12702.45 |
否(0) | 1130 | 86.52% | 62 | 353086 | 8227.89 | 25375.75 |
羞怯情绪 | ||||||
是(1) | 217 | 16.62% | 95 | 199348 | 7957.13 | 21606.92 |
否(0) | 1089 | 83.38% | 62 | 353086 | 7931.17 | 24538.95 |
表4描述统计结果汇总
维度 | 样本量 | 样本 比例 | 最低词 汇总量 | 最高词 汇总量 | 词汇总 量均值 | 词汇总量标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
羞怯行为 | ||||||
是(1) | 281 | 21.52% | 62 | 353086 | 7338.62 | 21711.80 |
否(0) | 1025 | 78.48% | 78 | 292321 | 10114.79 | 31150.93 |
羞怯认知 | ||||||
是(1) | 176 | 13.48% | 137 | 152657 | 6056.41 | 12702.45 |
否(0) | 1130 | 86.52% | 62 | 353086 | 8227.89 | 25375.75 |
羞怯情绪 | ||||||
是(1) | 217 | 16.62% | 95 | 199348 | 7957.13 | 21606.92 |
否(0) | 1089 | 83.38% | 62 | 353086 | 7931.17 | 24538.95 |
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2021-53-2/Images/0439-755X-53-2-155/img_1.png)
图1小学生日志文本累计词频
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2021-53-2/Images/0439-755X-53-2-155/img_1.png)
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2021-53-2/Images/0439-755X-53-2-155/img_2.png)
图2小学生日志文本累计词频增量
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2021-53-2/Images/0439-755X-53-2-155/img_2.png)
表5各维度提取特征
羞怯行为 | 羞怯认知 | 羞怯情绪 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
词类 | 含义 | 方向 | c2(1) | 词类 | 含义 | 方向 | c2(1) | 词类 | 含义 | 方向 | c2(1) |
C111 | 每句平均词数 | - | 534.36 | C111 | 每句平均词数 | - | 534.36 | C111 | 每句平均词数 | - | 534.36 |
C33 | 社会历程词 | - | 159.70 | C33 | 社会历程词 | - | 579.58 | C33 | 社会历程词 | - | 293.28 |
C34 | 家人词 | - | 377.82 | C34 | 家人词 | - | 274.53 | C34 | 家人词 | - | 236.62 |
C28 | 口语词 | + | 146.82 | C28 | 口语词 | - | 300.67 | C28 | 口语词 | - | 131.76 |
C32 | 填充赘词 | + | 143.77 | C32 | 填充赘词 | - | 331.44 | C32 | 填充赘词 | - | 100.69 |
C67 | 知历程词 | + | 421.76 | C67 | 认知历程词 | - | 301.68 | C67 | 认知历程词 | - | 270.85 |
C5 | 第一人称复数代名词 | + | 152.95 | C5 | 第一人称复数代名词 | - | 406.14 | C3 | 特定人称代名词 | - | 132.93 |
C6 | 第二人称代名词 | - | 276.34 | C2 | 代名词 | - | 256.97 | C74 | 包含词 | - | 225.94 |
C31 | 停顿赘词 | + | 163.20 | C3 | 特定人称代名词 | - | 334.49 | C69 | 因果词 | + | 112.08 |
C72 | 确切词 | + | 204.60 | C74 | 包含词 | - | 121.67 | C1 | 功能词 | - | 270.38 |
C75 | 排除词 | + | 144.94 | C75 | 排除词 | - | 243.69 | C22 | 语助词 | - | 116.55 |
C69 | 因果词 | + | 228.00 | C15 | 连接词 | - | 126.65 | C11 | 动词 | - | 334.79 |
C1 | 功能词 | + | 359.20 | C90 | 成就词 | + | 118.25 | C91 | 休闲词 | - | 271.43 |
C13 | 副词 | + | 315.86 | C85 | 相对词 | + | 104.50 | C23 | 时态标定词 | - | 319.35 |
C15 | 连接词 | + | 574.02 | C87 | 空间词 | + | 226.83 | C27 | 延续 | - | 334.47 |
C91 | 休闲词 | - | 307.10 | C94 | 宗教词 | - | 332.24 | C85 | 相对词 | - | 424.11 |
C98 | 动物词 | - | 477.33 | C88 | 时间词 | - | 174.19 | ||||
C24 | 过去 | + | 113.93 | C86 | 移动词 | - | 367.58 | ||||
C89 | 工作词 | + | 270.43 | C80 | 生理历程词 | - | 111.72 | ||||
C76 | 感知历程词 | - | 340.46 | C84 | 摄食词 | - | 126.11 | ||||
C77 | 视觉词 | - | 309.74 | ||||||||
C78 | 听觉词 | - | 204.74 | ||||||||
C94 | 宗教词 | + | 139.86 |
表5各维度提取特征
羞怯行为 | 羞怯认知 | 羞怯情绪 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
词类 | 含义 | 方向 | c2(1) | 词类 | 含义 | 方向 | c2(1) | 词类 | 含义 | 方向 | c2(1) |
C111 | 每句平均词数 | - | 534.36 | C111 | 每句平均词数 | - | 534.36 | C111 | 每句平均词数 | - | 534.36 |
C33 | 社会历程词 | - | 159.70 | C33 | 社会历程词 | - | 579.58 | C33 | 社会历程词 | - | 293.28 |
C34 | 家人词 | - | 377.82 | C34 | 家人词 | - | 274.53 | C34 | 家人词 | - | 236.62 |
C28 | 口语词 | + | 146.82 | C28 | 口语词 | - | 300.67 | C28 | 口语词 | - | 131.76 |
C32 | 填充赘词 | + | 143.77 | C32 | 填充赘词 | - | 331.44 | C32 | 填充赘词 | - | 100.69 |
C67 | 知历程词 | + | 421.76 | C67 | 认知历程词 | - | 301.68 | C67 | 认知历程词 | - | 270.85 |
C5 | 第一人称复数代名词 | + | 152.95 | C5 | 第一人称复数代名词 | - | 406.14 | C3 | 特定人称代名词 | - | 132.93 |
C6 | 第二人称代名词 | - | 276.34 | C2 | 代名词 | - | 256.97 | C74 | 包含词 | - | 225.94 |
C31 | 停顿赘词 | + | 163.20 | C3 | 特定人称代名词 | - | 334.49 | C69 | 因果词 | + | 112.08 |
C72 | 确切词 | + | 204.60 | C74 | 包含词 | - | 121.67 | C1 | 功能词 | - | 270.38 |
C75 | 排除词 | + | 144.94 | C75 | 排除词 | - | 243.69 | C22 | 语助词 | - | 116.55 |
C69 | 因果词 | + | 228.00 | C15 | 连接词 | - | 126.65 | C11 | 动词 | - | 334.79 |
C1 | 功能词 | + | 359.20 | C90 | 成就词 | + | 118.25 | C91 | 休闲词 | - | 271.43 |
C13 | 副词 | + | 315.86 | C85 | 相对词 | + | 104.50 | C23 | 时态标定词 | - | 319.35 |
C15 | 连接词 | + | 574.02 | C87 | 空间词 | + | 226.83 | C27 | 延续 | - | 334.47 |
C91 | 休闲词 | - | 307.10 | C94 | 宗教词 | - | 332.24 | C85 | 相对词 | - | 424.11 |
C98 | 动物词 | - | 477.33 | C88 | 时间词 | - | 174.19 | ||||
C24 | 过去 | + | 113.93 | C86 | 移动词 | - | 367.58 | ||||
C89 | 工作词 | + | 270.43 | C80 | 生理历程词 | - | 111.72 | ||||
C76 | 感知历程词 | - | 340.46 | C84 | 摄食词 | - | 126.11 | ||||
C77 | 视觉词 | - | 309.74 | ||||||||
C78 | 听觉词 | - | 204.74 | ||||||||
C94 | 宗教词 | + | 139.86 |
表6模型预测结果
维度 | 决策树 | 随机森林 | 逻辑斯蒂克回归 | K近邻 | 多层感知机 | 支持向量机 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | |
准确率-普通 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.87 |
准确率-羞怯 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.23 |
召回率-普通 | 0.86 | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.63 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.74 |
召回率-羞怯 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.42 |
F1值-普通 | 0.86 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.92 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
F1值-羞怯 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.31 | 0.29 |
总F1值 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.56 |
表6模型预测结果
维度 | 决策树 | 随机森林 | 逻辑斯蒂克回归 | K近邻 | 多层感知机 | 支持向量机 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | |
准确率-普通 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.87 |
准确率-羞怯 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.23 |
召回率-普通 | 0.86 | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.63 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.74 |
召回率-羞怯 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.42 |
F1值-普通 | 0.86 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.92 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
F1值-羞怯 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.31 | 0.29 |
总F1值 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.56 |
表7随机森林模型交叉验证结果
维度 | 第一次 | 第二次 | 第三次 | 第四次 | 第五次 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | |
准确率-普通 | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.79 | 0.85 |
准确率-羞怯 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.18 |
召回率-普通 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 0.76 | 0.7 | 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.62 |
召回率-羞怯 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.4 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.44 |
F1值-普通 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.72 |
F1值-羞怯 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.26 |
总F1值 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.52 |
表7随机森林模型交叉验证结果
维度 | 第一次 | 第二次 | 第三次 | 第四次 | 第五次 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | 行为 | 认知 | 情绪 | |
准确率-普通 | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.79 | 0.85 |
准确率-羞怯 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.18 |
召回率-普通 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 0.76 | 0.7 | 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.62 |
召回率-羞怯 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.4 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.44 |
F1值-普通 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.72 |
F1值-羞怯 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.26 |
总F1值 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.52 |
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