) 1 中国人民大学心理学系
2 中国人民大学统计学院, 北京 100872
收稿日期:2019-06-01出版日期:2020-07-25发布日期:2020-05-25通讯作者:买晓琴E-mail:maixq@ruc.edu.cn基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771206);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31970986)The influence of social value orientation on self-other risk decision-making and its mechanisms
ZHANG Yinling1, YU Zhen2, MAI Xiaoqin1() 1 Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
2 School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Received:2019-06-01Online:2020-07-25Published:2020-05-25Contact:MAI Xiaoqin E-mail:maixq@ruc.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 以往关于为自己和代他人决策的冒险行为研究结果不一致, 这可能是因为以往的研究没有考虑决策情境和决策者人际特质等因素对于决策行为的影响。社会价值取向(social value orientation, SVO)是一种典型的人际特质, 是个体在对自我和他人资源分配时所表现出的社会偏好, 通常分为亲社会者和亲自我者。为探究SVO对自我-他人风险决策的影响及其机制, 采用为自己和陌生人分别完成多轮混合赌博游戏的任务。结果发现亲自我比亲社会者代他人决策更冒险。用模型量化的损失厌恶和对潜在损失的敏感度部分中介了自我-他人风险决策差异, 但只有对他人潜在损失的敏感度部分中介自我-他人决策的SVO效应。说明SVO会影响自我-他人风险决策, 且该效应可以通过对他人利益的关心程度起作用, 所以在自我-他人风险决策的研究中应将SVO这一决策者的人际特质因素考虑在内。
图/表 5
图1实验流程图
图1实验流程图
图2两种受益者条件下对不同潜在损失/获益值情况的参赌频率热图 注：白色表示参赌频率为1, 黑色表示参赌频率为0
图2两种受益者条件下对不同潜在损失/获益值情况的参赌频率热图 注：白色表示参赌频率为1, 黑色表示参赌频率为0
图3亲社会和亲自我者在不同情境下的参赌频率(A)、损失厌恶(B)、对潜在损益的敏感度(C)以及对他人潜在损失敏感度在亲社会者和亲自我者代他人冒险程度上的中介效应(D) 注：自己-G和自己-L分别表示为自己决策时的潜在获益值和潜在损失值, 他人-G和他人-L分别表示为他人决策时的潜在获益值和潜在损失值;a = 对他人潜在损失敏感度的SVO效应, b = 对他人潜在损失敏感度在代他人决策冒险程度上的效应, a×b = 间接效应, c = 总效应, c’ = 中介效应模型的直接效应;* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, 下同。
图3亲社会和亲自我者在不同情境下的参赌频率(A)、损失厌恶(B)、对潜在损益的敏感度(C)以及对他人潜在损失敏感度在亲社会者和亲自我者代他人冒险程度上的中介效应(D) 注：自己-G和自己-L分别表示为自己决策时的潜在获益值和潜在损失值, 他人-G和他人-L分别表示为他人决策时的潜在获益值和潜在损失值;a = 对他人潜在损失敏感度的SVO效应, b = 对他人潜在损失敏感度在代他人决策冒险程度上的效应, a×b = 间接效应, c = 总效应, c’ = 中介效应模型的直接效应;* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, 下同。
图4社会价值取向与共情(A)和他人-自我冒险程度(B)的关系 注：A中的人际反应指数(IRI)反映共情能力, B中的参赌频率差值指EV < 0时为他人和为自己决策冒险程度的差异。
图4社会价值取向与共情(A)和他人-自我冒险程度(B)的关系 注：A中的人际反应指数(IRI)反映共情能力, B中的参赌频率差值指EV < 0时为他人和为自己决策冒险程度的差异。表1各变量的相关系数
| 变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 SVO (亲自我, 亲社会) | 1 | |||
| 2 代他人决策L的偏回归系数 | -0.273* | 1 | ||
| 3 EV<0时代他人决策的参赌频率 | -0.515*** | 0.524*** | 1 | |
| 4 EV<0时他人与自己参赌频率差 | -0.510*** | 0.472*** | 0.873*** | 1 |
表1各变量的相关系数
| 变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 SVO (亲自我, 亲社会) | 1 | |||
| 2 代他人决策L的偏回归系数 | -0.273* | 1 | ||
| 3 EV<0时代他人决策的参赌频率 | -0.515*** | 0.524*** | 1 | |
| 4 EV<0时他人与自己参赌频率差 | -0.510*** | 0.472*** | 0.873*** | 1 |
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