他人在场条件下的社会分享型提取诱发遗忘

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张环¹^,²^,³, 侯双¹, 王海曼¹, 廉宇煊¹, 杨海波¹^,²^,³(

)

¹ 天津师范大学心理学部, 天津 300387
² 国民心理健康评估与促进协同创新中心, 天津 300074
³ 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院, 天津 300074

收稿日期:2019-07-31出版日期:2020-06-25发布日期:2020-04-22
通讯作者:杨海波E-mail:yhbpsy@163.com

基金资助:* 天津市哲学社会科学规划重点项目(TJJX15-002);天津师范大学校博士基金项目(043/135202WW1711);天津师范大学“青年拔尖人才培育计划”项目(040/1353P2WX1804)

Socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in a naturalistic collaborative retrieval situation

ZHANG Huan¹^,²^,³, HOU Shuang¹, WANG Haiman¹, LIAN Yuxuan¹, YANG Haibo¹^,²^,³(

)

¹ Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
² Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin 300074, China
³ Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China

Received:2019-07-31Online:2020-06-25Published:2020-04-22
Contact:YANG Haibo E-mail:yhbpsy@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在社会互动的提取小组中, 说者的选择性提取可能会导致听者对未提及但相关内容的遗忘, 这被称为社会分享型提取诱发遗忘。本研究实验1首先考察了有无真实他人在场对社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的影响, 结果显示只有在真实他人在场条件下, 该现象才会出现, 说明社会分享型提取诱发遗忘受到听者对自下而上的社会互动情境加工的影响。实验2进一步考察了在他人在场条件下, 个体的抑制控制能力对社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的影响, 结果显示该现象只与其作为说者时的个体提取诱发遗忘效应大小有关, 提示了社会分享型提取诱发遗忘与个体提取诱发遗忘过程类似, 都会受到个体自上而下的排除竞争项目侵入记忆的无意抑制能力的影响。研究结果为理解人际交流情形下个体记忆的形成与改变提供了重要启发。

图/表 10

图1真实他人在场组的具体实验流程

图1真实他人在场组的具体实验流程

表1不同实验条件下, 说者提取练习的正确率(M ± SD)

互动水平	n (人)	正确率
无真实他人在场	55	0.95 ± 0.06
真实他人在场	60	0.94 ± 0.08

表1不同实验条件下, 说者提取练习的正确率(M ± SD)

互动水平	n (人)	正确率
无真实他人在场	55	0.95 ± 0.06
真实他人在场	60	0.94 ± 0.08

表2不同实验条件下说者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率(M ± SD)

项目类型	无真实他人在场	真实他人在场
Rp+	0.78 ± 0.15	0.77 ± 0.15
Nrp+	0.37 ± 0.14	0.32 ± 0.14
Rp-	0.49 ± 0.18	0.44 ± 0.18
Nrp-	0.53 ± 0.12	0.51 ± 0.15

表2不同实验条件下说者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率(M ± SD)

项目类型	无真实他人在场	真实他人在场
Rp+	0.78 ± 0.15	0.77 ± 0.15
Nrp+	0.37 ± 0.14	0.32 ± 0.14
Rp-	0.49 ± 0.18	0.44 ± 0.18
Nrp-	0.53 ± 0.12	0.51 ± 0.15

图2不同实验条件下说者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率注：# p = 0.067; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, 以下同。

图2不同实验条件下说者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率注：# p = 0.067; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, 以下同。

表3不同实验条件下听者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率(M ± SD)

项目类型	无真实他人在场	真实他人在场
Rp+	0.74 ± 0.15	0.72 ± 0.18
Nrp+	0.37 ± 0.14	0.32 ± 0.14
Rp-	0.52 ± 0.18	0.47 ± 0.18
Nrp-	0.53 ± 0.12	0.51 ± 0.15

表3不同实验条件下听者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率(M ± SD)

项目类型	无真实他人在场	真实他人在场
Rp+	0.74 ± 0.15	0.72 ± 0.18
Nrp+	0.37 ± 0.14	0.32 ± 0.14
Rp-	0.52 ± 0.18	0.47 ± 0.18
Nrp-	0.53 ± 0.12	0.51 ± 0.15

图3不同实验条件下听者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率

图3不同实验条件下听者Rp+、Nrp+、Rp-和Nrp-项目的正确回忆率

表4不同实验条件下被试的抑制控制各变量得分(M ± SD)

抑制控制各变量指标	无真实他人在场	真实他人在场
定向遗忘	0.78 ± 0.29	0.78 ± 0.39
Stroop效应量	0.01 ± 0.04	0.02 ± 0.05
Stop signal-SSRT	148.23 ± 88.39	143.73 ± 80.67
Stop signal-Go RT	484.59 ± 61.40	470.40 ± 66.80
Stop signal-临界SSD	336.36 ± 118.03	326.67 ± 116.98
Stop signal-成功抑制率	0.53 ± 0.09	0.53 ± 0.12

表4不同实验条件下被试的抑制控制各变量得分(M ± SD)

抑制控制各变量指标	无真实他人在场	真实他人在场
定向遗忘	0.78 ± 0.29	0.78 ± 0.39
Stroop效应量	0.01 ± 0.04	0.02 ± 0.05
Stop signal-SSRT	148.23 ± 88.39	143.73 ± 80.67
Stop signal-Go RT	484.59 ± 61.40	470.40 ± 66.80
Stop signal-临界SSD	336.36 ± 118.03	326.67 ± 116.98
Stop signal-成功抑制率	0.53 ± 0.09	0.53 ± 0.12

表5无真实他人在场条件下, 抑制控制各变量与相对损害值的偏相关

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1 定向遗忘	-
2 Stroop	-0.10	-
3 Go RT	-0.07	0.06	-
4 临界SSD	-0.05	0.02	0.66^***	-
5 成功抑制率	-0.04	0.13	0.53^***	0.72^***	-
6 SSRT	0.02	0.01	-0.18	-0.86^***	-0.58^***	-
7 SS-RIF相对损害	0.00	-0.01	-0.05	0.01	0.09	-0.04	-
8 RIF相对损害	-0.04	0.29	-0.06	-0.13	-0.12	0.12	0.01	-

表5无真实他人在场条件下, 抑制控制各变量与相对损害值的偏相关

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1 定向遗忘	-
2 Stroop	-0.10	-
3 Go RT	-0.07	0.06	-
4 临界SSD	-0.05	0.02	0.66^***	-
5 成功抑制率	-0.04	0.13	0.53^***	0.72^***	-
6 SSRT	0.02	0.01	-0.18	-0.86^***	-0.58^***	-
7 SS-RIF相对损害	0.00	-0.01	-0.05	0.01	0.09	-0.04	-
8 RIF相对损害	-0.04	0.29	-0.06	-0.13	-0.12	0.12	0.01	-

表6真实他人在场条件下, 抑制控制各变量与相对损害值的偏相关

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1 定向遗忘	-
2 Stroop	0.04	-
3 Go RT	0.04	0.03	-
4 临界SSD	0.19	-0.08	0.75^***	-
5 成功抑制率	0.09	0.01	0.68^***	0.67^***	-
6 SSRT	-0.24	0.14	-0.25	-0.83^***	-0.40^**	-
7 SS-RIF相对损害	0.01	0.05	0.20	0.03	0.15	0.13	-
8 RIF相对损害	0.06	-0.09	-0.10	0.02	-0.05	-0.11	-0.31^*	-

表6真实他人在场条件下, 抑制控制各变量与相对损害值的偏相关

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1 定向遗忘	-
2 Stroop	0.04	-
3 Go RT	0.04	0.03	-
4 临界SSD	0.19	-0.08	0.75^***	-
5 成功抑制率	0.09	0.01	0.68^***	0.67^***	-
6 SSRT	-0.24	0.14	-0.25	-0.83^***	-0.40^**	-
7 SS-RIF相对损害	0.01	0.05	0.20	0.03	0.15	0.13	-
8 RIF相对损害	0.06	-0.09	-0.10	0.02	-0.05	-0.11	-0.31^*	-

图4社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的双向加工过程

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