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儿童认知发展水平诊断工具IPDT的动态化编制及其在低社会经济地位儿童中的应用

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
张丽锦1,2,3(), 暴卿1,4, 陈蕾5, 梁渊1
1陕西师范大学心理学院
2陕西省儿童青少年心理与行为健康哲学社会科学重点研究基地
3陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室, 西安 710062
4宁夏大学新闻传播学院, 银川 750021
5北京中科启元教育科技投资有限公司中科启智儿童发展中心, 北京 100080
收稿日期:2020-07-28出版日期:2021-09-25发布日期:2021-07-22
通讯作者:张丽锦E-mail:zhanglijin2013@snnu.edu.cn

基金资助:教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(18XJA190001);北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心重大成果培育项目(2019-05-019-BZPK01)

Dynamic adaptation of the Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Task (IPDT) and the application for children with low socioeconomic status

ZHANG Lijin1,2,3(), BAO Qing1,4, CHEN Lei5, LIANG Yuan1
1School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
2Shaanxi Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi’an 710062, China
3Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710062, China
4School of Journalism and Communication, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
5Childhood Development Centre, Beijing CAS Ospire Educational Technology & Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
Received:2020-07-28Online:2021-09-25Published:2021-07-22
Contact:ZHANG Lijin E-mail:zhanglijin2013@snnu.edu.cn






摘要/Abstract


摘要： “皮亚杰认知发展量表” (IPDT)中的守恒与关系领域经动态化改编后已被证实适用于小学低年级儿童的潜能评估。在此基础上, 本研究旨在构建适用于小学高年级儿童的IPDT表征、分类、规律领域的动态测验; 并运用所构建的IPDT动态测验对低社会经济地位(SES)儿童进行认知潜能评估; 而后经过对低SES儿童的推理认知干预, 进一步考查认知干预在低SES不同潜能儿童的认知能力和数学成就中的促进作用。结果发现：(1)改编的IPDT表征、分类、规律领域的动态测验包含“前测—干预—迁移—后测”4个阶段, 所构建的逐级提示干预方案合理适切, 可以有效区分不同认知潜能水平的小学高年级儿童, 特别是弱势儿童; (2)推理认知干预对由IPDT动态测验细致区分出的不同潜能水平的低SES儿童作用不同, 尽管他们在认知能力与数学成就上均有进步, 但低SES高潜能儿童比低SES低潜能儿童从干预中获益更多。


表1IPDT表征、分类、规律领域动态测验各阶段的测题
领域 子测验名称 前测题 干预题 迁移题 后测题
表征 观点表征 26、28 27 25 26、28
投影表征 50、52 51 49 50、52
运动表征 31、32 29 30 31、32
符号表征 21、23 24 22 21、23
水平面表征 5、6 8 7 5、6
分类 类比推理 17、18 19 20 17、18
类相交 54、56 53 55 54、56
类包含 61、62 63 64 61、62
规律 概率 70、71 69 72 70、71
旋转 42、43 44 41 42、43
角度 46、47 48 45 46、47

表1IPDT表征、分类、规律领域动态测验各阶段的测题
领域 子测验名称 前测题 干预题 迁移题 后测题
表征 观点表征 26、28 27 25 26、28
投影表征 50、52 51 49 50、52
运动表征 31、32 29 30 31、32
符号表征 21、23 24 22 21、23
水平面表征 5、6 8 7 5、6
分类 类比推理 17、18 19 20 17、18
类相交 54、56 53 55 54、56
类包含 61、62 63 64 61、62
规律 概率 70、71 69 72 70、71
旋转 42、43 44 41 42、43
角度 46、47 48 45 46、47


表2IPDT表征、分类、规律领域的干预步骤与干预内容
干预等级 干预原则 干预内容
表征领域 分类领域 规律领域
0 无提示 无 无 无
Ⅰ 明确目标提示 指出选择错误, 重复题意 指出选择错误, 重复题意 指出选择错误, 重复题意
Ⅱ 抽象认知提示 强调事物可以代表内心想法 强调事物类别性 强调事物规律性
Ⅲ 具体单一认知提示 讲解1个错误选项, 强调替代性 举例说明其中的一类事物 讲解1个错误选项并强调规律性
Ⅳ 具体详细认知提示 讲解其他选项 讲解其他选项 讲解其他选项
Ⅴ 间接模仿提示 给出答案, 让被试重复并理解 给出答案, 让被试重复并理解 给出答案, 让被试重复并理解

表2IPDT表征、分类、规律领域的干预步骤与干预内容
干预等级 干预原则 干预内容
表征领域 分类领域 规律领域
0 无提示 无 无 无
Ⅰ 明确目标提示 指出选择错误, 重复题意 指出选择错误, 重复题意 指出选择错误, 重复题意
Ⅱ 抽象认知提示 强调事物可以代表内心想法 强调事物类别性 强调事物规律性
Ⅲ 具体单一认知提示 讲解1个错误选项, 强调替代性 举例说明其中的一类事物 讲解1个错误选项并强调规律性
Ⅳ 具体详细认知提示 讲解其他选项 讲解其他选项 讲解其他选项
Ⅴ 间接模仿提示 给出答案, 让被试重复并理解 给出答案, 让被试重复并理解 给出答案, 让被试重复并理解


表3干预步骤各等级通过人数及累计通过率(%) (N = 91)
干预
等级		 表征领域
(第51题)		 分类领域
(第53题)		 规律领域
(第44题)
通过
人数		 累计通
过率		 通过
人数		 累计通
过率		 通过
人数		 累计通
过率
0 46 50.5 27 29.7 31 34.1
Ⅰ 19 71.4 14 45.1 13 48.4
Ⅱ 11 83.5 13 59.3 26 76.9
Ⅲ 8 92.3 23 84.6 20 98.9
Ⅳ 7 100 13 98.9 0 98.9
Ⅴ 0 100 1 100 1 100

表3干预步骤各等级通过人数及累计通过率(%) (N = 91)
干预
等级		 表征领域
(第51题)		 分类领域
(第53题)		 规律领域
(第44题)
通过
人数		 累计通
过率		 通过
人数		 累计通
过率		 通过
人数		 累计通
过率
0 46 50.5 27 29.7 31 34.1
Ⅰ 19 71.4 14 45.1 13 48.4
Ⅱ 11 83.5 13 59.3 26 76.9
Ⅲ 8 92.3 23 84.6 20 98.9
Ⅳ 7 100 13 98.9 0 98.9
Ⅴ 0 100 1 100 1 100



图1研究2的施测流程 注：A指瑞文标准推理测验, B指《4~6年级多重成就测验》中数学分量表A卷, B’指《4~6年级多重成就测验》中数学分量表B卷。
图1研究2的施测流程 注：A指瑞文标准推理测验, B指《4~6年级多重成就测验》中数学分量表A卷, B’指《4~6年级多重成就测验》中数学分量表B卷。


表4各变量描述统计及IPDT静态和动态测验分数与瑞文、数学测验前、后测分数的相关(N = 209)
测验分数 M ± SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. IPDT前测分 14.28 ± 3.13 1
2. IPDT干预分 49.84 ± 3.97 0.342*** 1
3. IPDT迁移分 6.14 ± 1.80 0.353*** 0.375*** 1
4. IPDT后测分 15.65 ± 2.87 0.428*** 0.599*** 0.521*** 1
5. IPDT增长分 1.44 ± 3.37 -0.563*** 0.194** 0.103 0.458*** 1
6. 瑞文前测分 39.41 ± 8.01 0.244*** 0.268*** 0.250*** 0.342*** 0.074 1
7. 数学前测分 23.89 ± 5.07 0.164* 0.212** 0.227** 0.188** 0.024 0.308*** 1
8. 瑞文后测分 42.56 ± 7.14 0.257*** 0.376*** 0.367*** 0.372*** 0.100 0.678*** 0.319*** 1
9. 数学后测分 30.08 ± 6.09 0.225** 0.336*** 0.197** 0.252*** 0.028 0.308*** 0.559*** 0.331***

表4各变量描述统计及IPDT静态和动态测验分数与瑞文、数学测验前、后测分数的相关(N = 209)
测验分数 M ± SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. IPDT前测分 14.28 ± 3.13 1
2. IPDT干预分 49.84 ± 3.97 0.342*** 1
3. IPDT迁移分 6.14 ± 1.80 0.353*** 0.375*** 1
4. IPDT后测分 15.65 ± 2.87 0.428*** 0.599*** 0.521*** 1
5. IPDT增长分 1.44 ± 3.37 -0.563*** 0.194** 0.103 0.458*** 1
6. 瑞文前测分 39.41 ± 8.01 0.244*** 0.268*** 0.250*** 0.342*** 0.074 1
7. 数学前测分 23.89 ± 5.07 0.164* 0.212** 0.227** 0.188** 0.024 0.308*** 1
8. 瑞文后测分 42.56 ± 7.14 0.257*** 0.376*** 0.367*** 0.372*** 0.100 0.678*** 0.319*** 1
9. 数学后测分 30.08 ± 6.09 0.225** 0.336*** 0.197** 0.252*** 0.028 0.308*** 0.559*** 0.331***


表5IPDT动态测验分数对瑞文和数学后测分数的预测(N = 209)
模型 预测变量 瑞文后测分数 数学后测分数
β t R2 ΔR2 F β t R2 ΔR2 F
1 瑞文前测分 0.64 12.05*** 0.473 0.473 92.40*** 0.15 2.50* 0.333 0.333 51.33***
数学前测分 0.12 2.28* 0.51 8.57***
2 瑞文前测分 0.62 11.50*** 0.480 0.007 63.05*** 0.13 2.07* 0.344 0.012 35.89***
数学前测分 0.11 2.12* 0.50 8.40***
IPDT前测分 0.09 1.66 0.11 1.92
3 瑞文前测分 0.58 10.78*** 0.527 0.047 37.44*** 0.10 1.60 0.375 0.031 20.20***
数学前测分 0.08 1.44 0.48 8.12***
IPDT前测分 0.002 0.04 0.07 1.07
IPDT干预分 0.16 2.52** 0.20 2.81**
IPDT迁移分 0.15 2.64** -0.04 -0.52
IPDT后测分 -0.01 -0.20 -0.02 -0.03

表5IPDT动态测验分数对瑞文和数学后测分数的预测(N = 209)
模型 预测变量 瑞文后测分数 数学后测分数
β t R2 ΔR2 F β t R2 ΔR2 F
1 瑞文前测分 0.64 12.05*** 0.473 0.473 92.40*** 0.15 2.50* 0.333 0.333 51.33***
数学前测分 0.12 2.28* 0.51 8.57***
2 瑞文前测分 0.62 11.50*** 0.480 0.007 63.05*** 0.13 2.07* 0.344 0.012 35.89***
数学前测分 0.11 2.12* 0.50 8.40***
IPDT前测分 0.09 1.66 0.11 1.92
3 瑞文前测分 0.58 10.78*** 0.527 0.047 37.44*** 0.10 1.60 0.375 0.031 20.20***
数学前测分 0.08 1.44 0.48 8.12***
IPDT前测分 0.002 0.04 0.07 1.07
IPDT干预分 0.16 2.52** 0.20 2.81**
IPDT迁移分 0.15 2.64** -0.04 -0.52
IPDT后测分 -0.01 -0.20 -0.02 -0.03


表6不同SES儿童的瑞文和数学前测分数比较(N = 249)
组别 瑞文前测分数 数学前测分数
M SD 95% CI M SD 95% CI
低SES (n = 128) 37.92 7.84 [37.87, 37.97] 23.41 5.31 [23.38, 23.44]
中SES (n = 121) 41.33 6.11 [41.29, 41.37] 24.65 5.09 [24.62, 24.68]
t (247) 3.91* 1.66
Cohen’s d 0.49 0.24

表6不同SES儿童的瑞文和数学前测分数比较(N = 249)
组别 瑞文前测分数 数学前测分数
M SD 95% CI M SD 95% CI
低SES (n = 128) 37.92 7.84 [37.87, 37.97] 23.41 5.31 [23.38, 23.44]
中SES (n = 121) 41.33 6.11 [41.29, 41.37] 24.65 5.09 [24.62, 24.68]
t (247) 3.91* 1.66
Cohen’s d 0.49 0.24


表7不同组别儿童瑞文、数学成绩的前后测比较[M (SD)]及数学百分位提升人数[n (%)]
组别 瑞文前测 瑞文后测 瑞文增长分 数学前测 数学后测 数学增长分 数学百分位提升
低SES高潜能干预
组(n = 20)		 40.42 (6.44) 49.25 (4.71)a 8.83 (6.46)a 23.60 (5.07) 30.75 (4.63)a, b 7.15 (5.72) 12 (60)
低SES高潜能对照
组(n = 23)		 40.00 (7.14) 42.00 (7.59)b 2.00 (4.25)b 24.39 (5.79) 29.30 (6.59)a 4.91 (4.37) 9 (39)
低SES低潜能干预
组(n = 20)		 38.65 (5.47) 43.79 (5.65)b 5.14 (4.62)a, b 23.15 (5.88) 29.73 (6.72)a, b 6.58 (4.72) 10 (50)
低SES低潜能对照
组(n = 21)		 37.10 (6.25) 38.29 (5.28)c 1.19 (6.38)b 22.10 (4.22) 26.71 (5.78)a 4.62 (5.08) 8 (38)
中SES高潜能组
(n = 41)		 44.91 (4.59) 47.36 (4.22)a 2.45 (4.17)b 25.50 (4.15) 33.31 (5.22)b 7.81 (4.94) 22 (54)
F(4, 119) 31.58*** 8.01*** 18.39*** 2.13
η2p 0.57 0.21 0.44 0.07

表7不同组别儿童瑞文、数学成绩的前后测比较[M (SD)]及数学百分位提升人数[n (%)]
组别 瑞文前测 瑞文后测 瑞文增长分 数学前测 数学后测 数学增长分 数学百分位提升
低SES高潜能干预
组(n = 20)		 40.42 (6.44) 49.25 (4.71)a 8.83 (6.46)a 23.60 (5.07) 30.75 (4.63)a, b 7.15 (5.72) 12 (60)
低SES高潜能对照
组(n = 23)		 40.00 (7.14) 42.00 (7.59)b 2.00 (4.25)b 24.39 (5.79) 29.30 (6.59)a 4.91 (4.37) 9 (39)
低SES低潜能干预
组(n = 20)		 38.65 (5.47) 43.79 (5.65)b 5.14 (4.62)a, b 23.15 (5.88) 29.73 (6.72)a, b 6.58 (4.72) 10 (50)
低SES低潜能对照
组(n = 21)		 37.10 (6.25) 38.29 (5.28)c 1.19 (6.38)b 22.10 (4.22) 26.71 (5.78)a 4.62 (5.08) 8 (38)
中SES高潜能组
(n = 41)		 44.91 (4.59) 47.36 (4.22)a 2.45 (4.17)b 25.50 (4.15) 33.31 (5.22)b 7.81 (4.94) 22 (54)
F(4, 119) 31.58*** 8.01*** 18.39*** 2.13
η2p 0.57 0.21 0.44 0.07







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