![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/images/email.png)
1东北师范大学心理学院, 长春 130024
2烟台文化旅游职业学院, 山东 烟台 264000
收稿日期:
2019-08-16出版日期:
2020-10-25发布日期:
2020-08-24通讯作者:
盖笑松E-mail:gaixs669@nenu.edu.cn基金资助:
* 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC190025);东北师范大学哲学社会科学校内青年基金青年团队项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(18QT008)Training and transfer effects of response inhibition training with online feedback on adolescents and adults’ executive function
WANG Yuan1, LI Ke2, GAI Xiaosong1(![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/images/email.png)
1School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
2Yantai Vocational College of Culture and Tourism, Yantai 264000, China
Received:
2019-08-16Online:
2020-10-25Published:
2020-08-24Contact:
GAI Xiaosong E-mail:gaixs669@nenu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要: 本研究以基于即时反馈的Stop Signal范式为训练任务, 考察3周训练是否对青少年和成人的执行功能产生训练效应和迁移效应。发现青少年、成人实验组和积极控制组都出现了训练效应。两个实验组均产生了对反应抑制Go/No-go任务的迁移效应; 但只有青少年实验组出现了对干扰抑制Stroop任务的迁移效应。成人实验组和积极控制组都出现了对2-back任务的迁移效应; 但只有青少年实验组出现了在2-和3-back任务上的迁移效应。所有组别都未能出现对推理能力的迁移。研究证明从青春期到成年期, 基于即时反馈的反应抑制训练能够对执行功能产生训练和迁移效应, 但迁移仅限于抑制和工作记忆等基础成分, 无法改善推理能力。
图/表 5
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-10/Images/0439-755X-52-10-1212/img_1.png)
图1有反馈的自适应步速Stop Signal任务流程图
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-10/Images/0439-755X-52-10-1212/img_1.png)
表1四个训练组每日Stop Signal任务训练效应的描述统计
训练日期 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极组 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | |
D1 | 156.09 (30.00) | 0.58 (0.08) | 156.88 (29.35) | 0.58 (0.07) | 161.28 (24.51) | 0.53 (0.06) | 166.35 (23.49) | 0.51 (0.07) |
D2 | 146.40 (24.64) | 0.62 (0.10) | 145.50 (26.40) | 0.63 (0.09) | 158.78 (20.38) | 0.55 (0.08) | 163.32 (17.41) | 0.52 (0.06) |
D3 | 140.15 (23.16) | 0.66 (0.11) | 136.39 (20.08) | 0.64 (0.10) | 156.75 (10.49) | 0.59 (0.08) | 162.76 (20.90) | 0.53 (0.07) |
D4 | 134.66 (20.17) | 0.67 (0.13) | 133.41 (19.71) | 0.67 (0.10) | 150.52 (22.73) | 0.65 (0.07) | 158.45 (22.29) | 0.52 (0.07) |
D5 | 126.56 (19.21) | 0.69 (0.10) | 130.40 (19.36) | 0.67 (0.10) | 142.43 (17.80) | 0.76 (0.09) | 160.78 (19.99) | 0.55 (0.08) |
D6 | 123.12 (16.30) | 0.72 (0.10) | 132.49 (19.03) | 0.64 (0.09) | 141.25 (22.66) | 0.74 (0.09) | 155.28 (21.63) | 0.59 (0.09) |
D7 | 119.79 (21.32) | 0.73 (0.10) | 126.86 (25.74) | 0.65 (0.09) | 140.56 (25.29) | 0.77 (0.09) | 160.55 (19.88) | 0.61 (0.07) |
D8 | 116.74 (16.12) | 0.75 (0.10) | 122.79 (23.14) | 0.66 (0.11) | 134.10 (25.97) | 0.78 (0.06) | 162.68 (17.82) | 0.57 (0.08) |
D9 | 109.49 (20.65) | 0.78 (0.10) | 124.24 (19.66) | 0.65 (0.11) | 125.94 (24.90) | 0.82 (0.08) | 162.94 (19.15) | 0.54 (0.08) |
表1四个训练组每日Stop Signal任务训练效应的描述统计
训练日期 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极组 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | |
D1 | 156.09 (30.00) | 0.58 (0.08) | 156.88 (29.35) | 0.58 (0.07) | 161.28 (24.51) | 0.53 (0.06) | 166.35 (23.49) | 0.51 (0.07) |
D2 | 146.40 (24.64) | 0.62 (0.10) | 145.50 (26.40) | 0.63 (0.09) | 158.78 (20.38) | 0.55 (0.08) | 163.32 (17.41) | 0.52 (0.06) |
D3 | 140.15 (23.16) | 0.66 (0.11) | 136.39 (20.08) | 0.64 (0.10) | 156.75 (10.49) | 0.59 (0.08) | 162.76 (20.90) | 0.53 (0.07) |
D4 | 134.66 (20.17) | 0.67 (0.13) | 133.41 (19.71) | 0.67 (0.10) | 150.52 (22.73) | 0.65 (0.07) | 158.45 (22.29) | 0.52 (0.07) |
D5 | 126.56 (19.21) | 0.69 (0.10) | 130.40 (19.36) | 0.67 (0.10) | 142.43 (17.80) | 0.76 (0.09) | 160.78 (19.99) | 0.55 (0.08) |
D6 | 123.12 (16.30) | 0.72 (0.10) | 132.49 (19.03) | 0.64 (0.09) | 141.25 (22.66) | 0.74 (0.09) | 155.28 (21.63) | 0.59 (0.09) |
D7 | 119.79 (21.32) | 0.73 (0.10) | 126.86 (25.74) | 0.65 (0.09) | 140.56 (25.29) | 0.77 (0.09) | 160.55 (19.88) | 0.61 (0.07) |
D8 | 116.74 (16.12) | 0.75 (0.10) | 122.79 (23.14) | 0.66 (0.11) | 134.10 (25.97) | 0.78 (0.06) | 162.68 (17.82) | 0.57 (0.08) |
D9 | 109.49 (20.65) | 0.78 (0.10) | 124.24 (19.66) | 0.65 (0.11) | 125.94 (24.90) | 0.82 (0.08) | 162.94 (19.15) | 0.54 (0.08) |
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-10/Images/0439-755X-52-10-1212/img_2.png)
图2Stop Signal任务训练进程图
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-10/Images/0439-755X-52-10-1212/img_2.png)
表2各任务在两次测量时间上迁移效应的描述统计结果
任务及指标 | 测量时间点 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极控制组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极控制组 | 消极控制组 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Go/No-go 反应时 | 前测 | 340.33 (19.49) | 341.51 (41.78) | 348.60 (36.95) | 349.92 (52.99) | 340.44 (26.82) |
后测 | 316.94 (26.35) | 337.39 (37.57) | 323.91 (49.64) | 337.23 (39.88) | 338.43 (26.95) | |
Go/No-go 正确率 | 前测 | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.79 (0.11) | 0.77 (0.09) | 0.87 (0.11) |
后测 | 0.97 (0.02) | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.92 (0.44) | 0.80 (0.05) | 0.88 (0.11) | |
Go/No-go d′ | 前测 | 0.83 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.14) | 0.75 (0.12) | 0.73 (0.08) | 0.83 (0.06) |
后测 | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.86 (0.11) | 0.87 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.04) | |
Stroop效应 | 前测 | 32.83 (24.06) | 32.54 (26.10) | 65.16 (28.95) | 69.07 (24.65) | 33.42 (28.13) |
后测 | 30.04 (28.99) | 34.50 (33.25) | 44.81 (19.08) | 66.54 (23.40) | 32.01 (27.33) | |
2-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.61 (0.04) | 0.71 (0.03) |
后测 | 0.73 (0.05) | 0.75 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.04) | 0.63 (0.04) | 0.72 (0.06) | |
3-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.61 (0.07) | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.52 (0.05) | 0.63 (0.03) |
后测 | 0.64 (0.05) | 0.65 (0.06) | 0.59 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.04) | 0.64 (0.03) | |
瑞文推理测验 正确率 | 前测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.83 (0.10) | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.85 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.11) |
后测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.81 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.09) | 0.79 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.10) |
表2各任务在两次测量时间上迁移效应的描述统计结果
任务及指标 | 测量时间点 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极控制组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极控制组 | 消极控制组 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Go/No-go 反应时 | 前测 | 340.33 (19.49) | 341.51 (41.78) | 348.60 (36.95) | 349.92 (52.99) | 340.44 (26.82) |
后测 | 316.94 (26.35) | 337.39 (37.57) | 323.91 (49.64) | 337.23 (39.88) | 338.43 (26.95) | |
Go/No-go 正确率 | 前测 | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.79 (0.11) | 0.77 (0.09) | 0.87 (0.11) |
后测 | 0.97 (0.02) | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.92 (0.44) | 0.80 (0.05) | 0.88 (0.11) | |
Go/No-go d′ | 前测 | 0.83 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.14) | 0.75 (0.12) | 0.73 (0.08) | 0.83 (0.06) |
后测 | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.86 (0.11) | 0.87 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.04) | |
Stroop效应 | 前测 | 32.83 (24.06) | 32.54 (26.10) | 65.16 (28.95) | 69.07 (24.65) | 33.42 (28.13) |
后测 | 30.04 (28.99) | 34.50 (33.25) | 44.81 (19.08) | 66.54 (23.40) | 32.01 (27.33) | |
2-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.61 (0.04) | 0.71 (0.03) |
后测 | 0.73 (0.05) | 0.75 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.04) | 0.63 (0.04) | 0.72 (0.06) | |
3-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.61 (0.07) | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.52 (0.05) | 0.63 (0.03) |
后测 | 0.64 (0.05) | 0.65 (0.06) | 0.59 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.04) | 0.64 (0.03) | |
瑞文推理测验 正确率 | 前测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.83 (0.10) | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.85 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.11) |
后测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.81 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.09) | 0.79 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.10) |
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-10/Images/0439-755X-52-10-1212/img_3.png)
图3因训练发生迁移效应的各任务成绩变化趋势图
![](http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/fileup/0439-755X/FIGURE/2020-52-10/Images/0439-755X-52-10-1212/img_3.png)
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