), 曹逸飞1 1东北师范大学心理学院, 长春 130024
2烟台文化旅游职业学院, 山东 烟台 264000
收稿日期:2019-08-16出版日期:2020-10-25发布日期:2020-08-24通讯作者:盖笑松E-mail:gaixs669@nenu.edu.cn基金资助:* 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC190025);东北师范大学哲学社会科学校内青年基金青年团队项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(18QT008)Training and transfer effects of response inhibition training with online feedback on adolescents and adults’ executive function
WANG Yuan1, LI Ke2, GAI Xiaosong1(), CAO Yifei1 1School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
2Yantai Vocational College of Culture and Tourism, Yantai 264000, China
Received:2019-08-16Online:2020-10-25Published:2020-08-24Contact:GAI Xiaosong E-mail:gaixs669@nenu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 本研究以基于即时反馈的Stop Signal范式为训练任务, 考察3周训练是否对青少年和成人的执行功能产生训练效应和迁移效应。发现青少年、成人实验组和积极控制组都出现了训练效应。两个实验组均产生了对反应抑制Go/No-go任务的迁移效应; 但只有青少年实验组出现了对干扰抑制Stroop任务的迁移效应。成人实验组和积极控制组都出现了对2-back任务的迁移效应; 但只有青少年实验组出现了在2-和3-back任务上的迁移效应。所有组别都未能出现对推理能力的迁移。研究证明从青春期到成年期, 基于即时反馈的反应抑制训练能够对执行功能产生训练和迁移效应, 但迁移仅限于抑制和工作记忆等基础成分, 无法改善推理能力。
图/表 5
图1有反馈的自适应步速Stop Signal任务流程图
图1有反馈的自适应步速Stop Signal任务流程图表1四个训练组每日Stop Signal任务训练效应的描述统计
| 训练日期 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | |
| D1 | 156.09 (30.00) | 0.58 (0.08) | 156.88 (29.35) | 0.58 (0.07) | 161.28 (24.51) | 0.53 (0.06) | 166.35 (23.49) | 0.51 (0.07) |
| D2 | 146.40 (24.64) | 0.62 (0.10) | 145.50 (26.40) | 0.63 (0.09) | 158.78 (20.38) | 0.55 (0.08) | 163.32 (17.41) | 0.52 (0.06) |
| D3 | 140.15 (23.16) | 0.66 (0.11) | 136.39 (20.08) | 0.64 (0.10) | 156.75 (10.49) | 0.59 (0.08) | 162.76 (20.90) | 0.53 (0.07) |
| D4 | 134.66 (20.17) | 0.67 (0.13) | 133.41 (19.71) | 0.67 (0.10) | 150.52 (22.73) | 0.65 (0.07) | 158.45 (22.29) | 0.52 (0.07) |
| D5 | 126.56 (19.21) | 0.69 (0.10) | 130.40 (19.36) | 0.67 (0.10) | 142.43 (17.80) | 0.76 (0.09) | 160.78 (19.99) | 0.55 (0.08) |
| D6 | 123.12 (16.30) | 0.72 (0.10) | 132.49 (19.03) | 0.64 (0.09) | 141.25 (22.66) | 0.74 (0.09) | 155.28 (21.63) | 0.59 (0.09) |
| D7 | 119.79 (21.32) | 0.73 (0.10) | 126.86 (25.74) | 0.65 (0.09) | 140.56 (25.29) | 0.77 (0.09) | 160.55 (19.88) | 0.61 (0.07) |
| D8 | 116.74 (16.12) | 0.75 (0.10) | 122.79 (23.14) | 0.66 (0.11) | 134.10 (25.97) | 0.78 (0.06) | 162.68 (17.82) | 0.57 (0.08) |
| D9 | 109.49 (20.65) | 0.78 (0.10) | 124.24 (19.66) | 0.65 (0.11) | 125.94 (24.90) | 0.82 (0.08) | 162.94 (19.15) | 0.54 (0.08) |
表1四个训练组每日Stop Signal任务训练效应的描述统计
| 训练日期 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | SSRT (ms) | 正确率(%) | |
| D1 | 156.09 (30.00) | 0.58 (0.08) | 156.88 (29.35) | 0.58 (0.07) | 161.28 (24.51) | 0.53 (0.06) | 166.35 (23.49) | 0.51 (0.07) |
| D2 | 146.40 (24.64) | 0.62 (0.10) | 145.50 (26.40) | 0.63 (0.09) | 158.78 (20.38) | 0.55 (0.08) | 163.32 (17.41) | 0.52 (0.06) |
| D3 | 140.15 (23.16) | 0.66 (0.11) | 136.39 (20.08) | 0.64 (0.10) | 156.75 (10.49) | 0.59 (0.08) | 162.76 (20.90) | 0.53 (0.07) |
| D4 | 134.66 (20.17) | 0.67 (0.13) | 133.41 (19.71) | 0.67 (0.10) | 150.52 (22.73) | 0.65 (0.07) | 158.45 (22.29) | 0.52 (0.07) |
| D5 | 126.56 (19.21) | 0.69 (0.10) | 130.40 (19.36) | 0.67 (0.10) | 142.43 (17.80) | 0.76 (0.09) | 160.78 (19.99) | 0.55 (0.08) |
| D6 | 123.12 (16.30) | 0.72 (0.10) | 132.49 (19.03) | 0.64 (0.09) | 141.25 (22.66) | 0.74 (0.09) | 155.28 (21.63) | 0.59 (0.09) |
| D7 | 119.79 (21.32) | 0.73 (0.10) | 126.86 (25.74) | 0.65 (0.09) | 140.56 (25.29) | 0.77 (0.09) | 160.55 (19.88) | 0.61 (0.07) |
| D8 | 116.74 (16.12) | 0.75 (0.10) | 122.79 (23.14) | 0.66 (0.11) | 134.10 (25.97) | 0.78 (0.06) | 162.68 (17.82) | 0.57 (0.08) |
| D9 | 109.49 (20.65) | 0.78 (0.10) | 124.24 (19.66) | 0.65 (0.11) | 125.94 (24.90) | 0.82 (0.08) | 162.94 (19.15) | 0.54 (0.08) |
图2Stop Signal任务训练进程图
图2Stop Signal任务训练进程图表2各任务在两次测量时间上迁移效应的描述统计结果
| 任务及指标 | 测量时间点 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极控制组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极控制组 | 消极控制组 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go/No-go 反应时 | 前测 | 340.33 (19.49) | 341.51 (41.78) | 348.60 (36.95) | 349.92 (52.99) | 340.44 (26.82) |
| 后测 | 316.94 (26.35) | 337.39 (37.57) | 323.91 (49.64) | 337.23 (39.88) | 338.43 (26.95) | |
| Go/No-go 正确率 | 前测 | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.79 (0.11) | 0.77 (0.09) | 0.87 (0.11) |
| 后测 | 0.97 (0.02) | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.92 (0.44) | 0.80 (0.05) | 0.88 (0.11) | |
| Go/No-go d′ | 前测 | 0.83 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.14) | 0.75 (0.12) | 0.73 (0.08) | 0.83 (0.06) |
| 后测 | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.86 (0.11) | 0.87 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.04) | |
| Stroop效应 | 前测 | 32.83 (24.06) | 32.54 (26.10) | 65.16 (28.95) | 69.07 (24.65) | 33.42 (28.13) |
| 后测 | 30.04 (28.99) | 34.50 (33.25) | 44.81 (19.08) | 66.54 (23.40) | 32.01 (27.33) | |
| 2-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.61 (0.04) | 0.71 (0.03) |
| 后测 | 0.73 (0.05) | 0.75 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.04) | 0.63 (0.04) | 0.72 (0.06) | |
| 3-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.61 (0.07) | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.52 (0.05) | 0.63 (0.03) |
| 后测 | 0.64 (0.05) | 0.65 (0.06) | 0.59 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.04) | 0.64 (0.03) | |
| 瑞文推理测验 正确率 | 前测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.83 (0.10) | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.85 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.11) |
| 后测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.81 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.09) | 0.79 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.10) |
表2各任务在两次测量时间上迁移效应的描述统计结果
| 任务及指标 | 测量时间点 | 成人实验组 | 成人积极控制组 | 青少年实验组 | 青少年积极控制组 | 消极控制组 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go/No-go 反应时 | 前测 | 340.33 (19.49) | 341.51 (41.78) | 348.60 (36.95) | 349.92 (52.99) | 340.44 (26.82) |
| 后测 | 316.94 (26.35) | 337.39 (37.57) | 323.91 (49.64) | 337.23 (39.88) | 338.43 (26.95) | |
| Go/No-go 正确率 | 前测 | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.11) | 0.79 (0.11) | 0.77 (0.09) | 0.87 (0.11) |
| 后测 | 0.97 (0.02) | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.92 (0.44) | 0.80 (0.05) | 0.88 (0.11) | |
| Go/No-go d′ | 前测 | 0.83 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.14) | 0.75 (0.12) | 0.73 (0.08) | 0.83 (0.06) |
| 后测 | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.86 (0.11) | 0.87 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.04) | |
| Stroop效应 | 前测 | 32.83 (24.06) | 32.54 (26.10) | 65.16 (28.95) | 69.07 (24.65) | 33.42 (28.13) |
| 后测 | 30.04 (28.99) | 34.50 (33.25) | 44.81 (19.08) | 66.54 (23.40) | 32.01 (27.33) | |
| 2-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.61 (0.04) | 0.71 (0.03) |
| 后测 | 0.73 (0.05) | 0.75 (0.05) | 0.77 (0.04) | 0.63 (0.04) | 0.72 (0.06) | |
| 3-Back 正确率 | 前测 | 0.61 (0.07) | 0.63 (0.08) | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.52 (0.05) | 0.63 (0.03) |
| 后测 | 0.64 (0.05) | 0.65 (0.06) | 0.59 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.04) | 0.64 (0.03) | |
| 瑞文推理测验 正确率 | 前测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.83 (0.10) | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.85 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.11) |
| 后测 | 0.80 (0.11) | 0.81 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.09) | 0.79 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.10) |
图3因训练发生迁移效应的各任务成绩变化趋势图
图3因训练发生迁移效应的各任务成绩变化趋势图参考文献 64
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