Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61575008, 61775007), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City, China (Grant No. 4172011), and the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education of China (Grant Nos. 040000546319525, 040000546618006).
Received Date:20 May 2021
Accepted Date:08 June 2021
Available Online:15 August 2021
Published Online:20 November 2021
Abstract:With the rapid development of information technology, a wavelength-tunable vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is urgently needed as an optical signal source in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). Liquid crystal tunable VCSEL realized by utilizing the birefringence characteristics of liquid crystal has the advantages of stable polarization, high reliability, continuous wavelength tuning. In this paper, a liquid crystal tunable VCSEL structure based on intracavity sub wavelength grating is designed, and the influence of liquid crystal layer and sub wavelength grating on the wavelength tuning characteristics of VCSEL are analyzed and studied in depth. The results show that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the tunable VCSEL structure not only affects the wavelength tuning range, but also determines the mode hopping in the tuning process. In addition, an effective refractive index antireflection layer is formed by designing the subwavelength grating structure, and the refractive index difference between the liquid crystal layer and the semiconductor layer is optimized to further improve the wavelength tuning range and tuning efficiency. When the center wavelength is 980 nm, the tuning range is increased by 42%, reaching 41 nm, and the wavelength tuning efficiency is increased by 41%. It provides a new method of designing the VCSEL laser with high beam quality and continuous wavelength tuning. Keywords:vertical cavity surface emitting laser/ liquid crystal/ tunable
4.结果和分析在构建完成内腔亚波长光栅的液晶可调谐VCSEL器件的基础上, 分析了影响液晶可调谐器件调谐范围的因素, 并对比分析了液晶可调谐VCSEL引入亚波长光栅结构前后, 对波长调谐范围、调谐效率、阈值增益等的影响. 图5表示液晶层厚度和旋转角度与调谐波长之间的关系. 从图中纵向来看, 随着液晶分子旋转角度的增大, VCSEL的激射波长逐渐蓝移. 这是因为, VCSEL的激射方向沿z轴方向, 根据液晶分子等效折射率公式, 对于沿z轴传输的光, 随着液晶分子旋转角度的增大, 其y偏振方向有效折射率也在减小, 使得器件的有效腔长逐渐较小, 故而激射波长发生蓝移. 图 5 液晶层厚度和旋转角度与调谐波长之间的关系图 Figure5. The relationship between the thickness and rotation angle of the liquid crystal layer and the tuning wavelength.
式中: $ \alpha $为损耗因子; $ {R}_{1} $, $ {R}_{2} $为上下DBR的反射率. 通过计算得到液晶可调谐VCSEL引入亚波长光栅前后, 液晶分子角与限制因子和阈值增益的系, 如图7所示. 图 7 液晶可调谐VCSEL引入亚波长光栅前后, 液晶分子角与限制因子和阈值增益的关系 Figure7. The relationship between liquid crystal molecular angle and confinement factor and threshold gain before and after introducing subwavelength grating in liquid crystal tunable VCSEL.